ETTL Engineers & Consultants Inc. - Geotechnical, Environmental
CONSULTINC GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS PH. …...ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED CONSULTINC...
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• ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED CONSULTINC GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS Suite 3,17-19 Florence Street Hornsby, N.SW. 2077 PH. 472853 822001 • • • AMG REFERENCE POINTS ADDED GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF TIN MINING OPERATIONS AT PIONEER, TASMANIA • CLIENT: Amdex Mining Limited, 119 York Street, SYDNEY. N.S.W. 2000. OUR REFERENCE: Report No. 7878/1 Job No. E-078 28th July, 1978. • . . , 95-3699
Transcript of CONSULTINC GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS PH. …...ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED CONSULTINC...
•ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED
CONSULTINC GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS
Suite 3,17-19 Florence StreetHornsby, N.SW. 2077
PH. 472853
822001
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AMG REFERENCE POINTS ADDED
GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF
TIN MINING OPERATIONS AT
PIONEER, TASMANIA •
CLIENT:
Amdex Mining Limited,119 York Street,SYDNEY. N.S.W. 2000.
OUR REFERENCE:
Report No. 7878/1
Job No. E-078
28th July, 1978.
•.. , 95-3699
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PIONEER TIN MINE - PIONEEH, TASMANIA"
GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WORK UNDERTAKEN
Drawing No. E-078!G1
CONCLUSIONS
I. Overburden Removal2. Site and Pit Drainage3. Bradshaw's Creek Diversion Dam4. Tailings and Slimes Disposal
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDED ENGINEERING STUDIES
I. Initial Studies2. Intermediate StudiesJ. Long-Term Studies
Drawing No. E-078!G2
DISCUSSION OF MINE PROBLEMS
1. Location and Extent of Orebody2. Mining Operations and PlanningJ. Pit Slope Stability4. Overburden Removal Methods5. Stormwater Control in Mine Area6. In-Pit Mine Water Control7. Slimcs and Effluent Treatment8. Braclshaw' 5 Creek Diversion Dam
Drawings No. E-078!G3 and G4.
TECHNICAL APPENDIX
822002
Page No ..
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2
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4
5
567
8
889
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Figure Nos. A1, A2 and A3 - Diversion CharUlel Velocityvs. Bed Slope Graphs.
Drawing No. E-078!G5.
DRAWINGS
E-078!G1E-078!G2E- 0 78!GJE-078!G4E- 0 78!G5E- 07 8!G6
Site Location and GeologyMine Feasibility Study ProgrammeSection Through PitWorking Face ArrangementCatchment Areas and DrainagePlan of Pit Area.(Included in Porket at bark of Rooort)
t.
~,\t UtE' I'CqUl',..:t ,)1' th,
this finn unc!ertnol" a
_,\('tjn{~ Man,DC,"']' r'()l' :\11111<.'.\ ~lining· L.i.Jlli,tc'd,
C;-t'ol_\~·ehni('al .!\:-:;,'-if'':i''i111VIIL ()l' the C\llllpal1Y :-'
/ri.Tl. Mining c,pf'ration:::::; at ~)inlH:'(~r, l'a,'"-'ltlcillici.. !'tIe purpo,,-;('.,:, i>!
the rl.SscssrTlpnt Wf'rc> tn (~()llml{'_~ni UJ} ttl,· (i('otccIUl[C'i11/Ci"\'il
En:;inecring a~b-1C'c[~, of \..h(:~ .l\lillC, w'ith II[lctL1uLu' ['f'ferC'n('(~' to:
* The C(-1U51:.:.':" of pit ~l,)p(~ in."'tahi! i L\'
IT!lc,thods of cOIILrol.
ancl po ~::-;i h11:'
* The influcnce n1'thc' 1J1'adsbaw' ~ Cr('(~k d:i\'crsion '.Iam
upon l:~lf,:~ pii slope s-{-a.t)il:ity~
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T'-lcthod:=::; of' tai.lings and :'51iIlHc~S di.~pot>al.
The scope, and extent or J'utUL't' Enl,;,iJlc-ering st;udies
nece~sary to place ttlC mine on a terhnically sOllnrl
0p<--"raLinU; bas is •
The worlc 'WGlS undertaken consequent to cloubts about the
technical and economic viability or the mine.
In view of thp nature of the site problems, the Acting Managerrequps t.ed that tIle work be completed ""-"L thin two (2.) week.':', and
include a gClleral repor·t which inclutled gllidelines for rutureaction. Thi5 .report is thercfoI'P limited in extent, and is
f'ubstantially a sununary of opinions formed during our si t€~
inspection, and subsequent consider'ai-ion or thevariulls site
prob]em~ j,n uur offices.
WORK UNDERL\KEN.
The minc,:, [:!nc:l adjoining area waf; inf:'p('(~ ted by our Mr. A. F •
.Shirley, n.E., M.I.E. Allst., on 18tl" I')tlt and 20th July, 1978;
"3'Jb~(~quf'nt1), the informat.ion obtaint-·cJ durin{~ tJH:" course or. thisinspecti()Il \\-'as further cons.ideJ'(~d alhl anaJysed at our oJ'fj_ces
in Hurnsby, N.S.W. A.Ilalytical work lIas included:
'* Bain.fall and run-orr ca.lcul ation.'~.
* COJlsu.l Lations with Surveyorh and Photug'ranunetry expc->rts.
* Con:-;lderation or various methods uf mining the overburden and ore materials.
"* Do(~umcntation of Cield notes.
In view of tile time allowed for the work, the majority of the
above studies were only 'outline' investigations, and not of
a detailed nature.
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LEGENDI 00 rlv,z.rolluv/l/n-?
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BAS~ TRAIT
(~
CP'1A
J..AU CE l{l.N
Tb basall
AMG REFERENCE POINTS ADDED
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SITE LOCATION & GEOLOGYPIONEER MINE TASMA.:.:.;NI~A -4
AMOEX MI~ING Ltd•
E-078/G1JuI y 78 N. T S
ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY LIMITED
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822004CO,\CLUSION5.
During tIle COUl't:ie of' thi:.:, a::-)sessillent, it became ctear thaI
the Piuneer ~LillC' had a r!tlmber or problems which have bf-_'Gl1
attributed to a lack of mine pJanning based on established
engineering practice. The magnitude of the problems beingencountered preclude their immediate sQlution, and therf~rore
it recommended that a comprehensive, detailed rC'asibili ty
study of' the Mining, Civil and Geotechnical aspects of' the
mining operations should be carried out as SOOIl as possible.
There is a great deal of survey/planninG 'Work which could be
llndertaken at once, that wil~ result i.ll ~ consi(jerable
improvement or Inine productiv'ity and safety; tills work isreferred to as 'Initia:L Sttldies' in the subsequent sectionsor the report, and includeto;:
* Topographic survey of IrIinl::~ area.
'. * Detailed survt-)y and planning of t,llp ,~limes dam
area, and diversion channels.
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* Confi tructing proper stormwab:.~r clrH.inage around
tehe pit.
This initial ",or], should be f'ollowed by the detai Lcd f'eaRibi lity
study, which is considered an essential pre-requisite to anyecononlic analysis of i:he milling operations.
Based upon our site observations, and subsequent considerationof the speci.fic matters raised by you, we have concluded that:
1. Overburden Hemoval.
a) Present Prahl,ems
The present problems (both technical and ecoHornLl'
asso\'iated wi_ttl o'vcI'burdel1 rernovH,l apI,eaI' to be
prj_ITlarily related ttl:
* The difficulty of excavating the Tertiaryi\lluvial. (or partially cprnented) materials
with conven tiona1 eartlllllovintS equi pment.
* The failllI'p t() clearly dirf'creni~iat(; bei:wt: ('n
ovprburden removal, ::ind the winnj.ne: or
ore-bearinG' a~luvillm.
* The saturated ground conditions.
822005
b) ISyc;'l"\-·'ar,.loll rvre-;:Jl()d
The ~e]Gctioll of tlle appropriate excavation rrlcttlud wiJ.!depend upon tIle results of the pruposed l'easibili ty
~tudit::~s; hOvlcver, no particular technical problems
arc envisaged \\r1 rh the use of' scrapers or hydraul i.e
methods t prov.idt-H:l that the work is unuertaken inaccordance wi ill a proper plan that. inc] uelcs:
* ~faximurn benC'.ll height of 8 metres.
* Bench face slope aneles or approximately
LI .) dec;rpe·~.
•* Eff'ccti"\'c control or stnrlln·latel' in overburden
stripping" areas •
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Sit0 and Pit Draina{';c.
As the n1i11£ is loc~te(i at the CClltroid o:f ~l exteIlsive
cat',~hme[lt area, proper control or stornI'water is an
essential pre-rcquisi tc-:! to economic parthwork:=;. The
unconLcolled nature 01 the si.te stormkrater and subsurFace
seepage is tbere:foI'p llaving an extrenlely advcI'se ei'feet
upon the mining operation. Thc provision of adequate
stormwater drainage periferal to the mine, is therei'ure amatter or high priority.
Bradsllaw's Creel( Diversion Dam.
The inrluence or this storage reservoir orl. the pit.
eXl:nvatioYl is m:in()I' at presel1t. However, as tile pit
excavation advances towards the toe of the drull, its efi'ect
will gradually increase. In add_ition, because tllQ long
term stahi] i ty or the dam is sU:3pect, the presence u_r a
large quantity 01' stored wateI' above the pit rCpI"CSerltH a
possible threat (by flooding) to the pi 10 area.
Tajlings and Sl;lolcs Displ)sal.
Si te obs(~rvations and meaSUTEHncn-Ls have indicated that,
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The present method of tailines clisposa.1 Ls aggravatinc;
both f~Yf'luent, and pit clewateriIlg, problems.
The ncwly constructed sliHiet-: di~p0!-::ial dam COll!,l YaiJ
u.pon 1'illing; consequently the usc or this dam should
be avoided until it is 5 t8bi li."::led, ancl/ or partl'y
reconstructed.
The present diversion or GlllJam Creek. clround thc
proposed slimes disposal dam is un.9ati~J'aetnry, and
could erode its l)a~(s 5(J tllut it will lJreak il1t-o ttle oldPl'osion gully leading Lllto t he pit area. Flr)(){ljn{~ or th(~
mini:':' workiIl{';:'S woul d reslil t From ~\lch all event.
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'.822006
1:11 vi.c'\·,. \11' t 11(' ~(~l)P(~ allil IllaClliL11<1\' ()~ Lll.(~ ~i. L(~ prutiJCtn:"i ~
it 1~ l-,,;(_r_\lIlllli'tld'.~(l tl1.<1t.:
a) ,~lll'Vey and ~n{~ Ln('(~ri Ilg" J)p,::,ic.1i ",,'u1'k be cUII!,(:C:I("(~(J
i,mllle-dial,(',1 y t() rlJ.'()vidc Pl'UPC'l' pl an~:; i'ur tIle
fl.l-Lure dc\"cdopIIIl'n( aL thl:' IILinc. (Hefet"' I Inj t.J.aJ
Stlldics' in Ht'C()IIHII~'JldeIJ }i;rlC:.ill,C',.'r-iJlU: SLudic'.<:;).
b) A P 1'0 pC'I" P J, all j'o r rni:ne devc lOPIII':-~ll t be P:l'F~Pi11't_'d 0 n
the /);J:3is or H I,icta:l,lcd .En{];iIJ(:-~(_'_r'_ll_lC: Stucljr.
c) l.llunc-diat(-:, rlet I un be taken to cc'ducc the p()tt~nLiaJ,l).'·
dangtc'l'ouS ::-;itu.nti<ltl uf tJle Ci-i Illdln/Ur'(J(lsllClh,r S Creek5
di vL"!rsion channt'l :-" nt~;:l t' Lh(~ norUI-cas t CO,l"ner of the
rHine ~
d) i'llc ncw·l.y corlstrt!('t(~d ~Jj.lllt?':-i di.:-:':'pU.":;;11
empty HIltil it 1.:_'" suitably stabili~":'d,
I'C' (' on:-:i L J 'l!C t eLl.
dam J·'ernain
and/or
e) fhe pre,-'::;0n't mi.nQ pracLic(~ or' llyd:r'clUlic- relll0val of'
both ()v'('rhurdc-Tl and ure (wi. ttl .f'::ICI'hcig-ht,..;.; pxcecdin:.,:,
10 nletres), be ctLscontinllcd ilmlH'dialt~Ly.
f') Stornl'....'<.ltr·X' be ad(:'qua"t,(' l.y con Ll\d 1 eel in I,Jll.~ ar'ea
adja('enl to the pit. lop.
c:) O'E>L'!.)unlen strippjnL~', in advan(--,Q of' the Illiup f;"J.c:p, IJf'
c)\'Ct:."Jerated 50 thaI, a cJ0ar ch.-::-:; Lance of at l.east )0
llle'r,rcs is d(ll.ieved hetwcl~n tile top of' ill(' pi 1 a~lc\
i:]le ~j.j'j_pped arl!B.
h) 1\ C'lCi:ir dist.ance' or ai I,Ci'i:,-,t I~~q U1f::·tres is lIlainr:ained
Uradf'.11aW':-'i Crt:'C'I.;. Dj. ver~ioIl D;HII~•beth'c'Cll the pi 1; np, an...'! (,11P d(i\"llt.·,trt~arn Lilt' '.If' Lhe
\. I. ~ II Li<: ,F Y
•c- r, "1 n C
,... ') .,c:::.. (."-
, I.~
Ou; ,':'iitc-' OL):-'-t.':l vdtioHt-, and sllbp.(~qllelli c()tl~idcratlon of Lbe
iJrublell1~, .;.-l til« ((ll.ne, IlilV(' in(li(.~,tl·.{_'cI !.:J1Ut tJl("rn i:.1J'(: OJ
con:::-idt:'.'ral11c ITdlUbel' of prublcills \o1l'lJ.1 ell ;::-;lluuld be r,'c~ulv(,'d at
an pa.rly date.
An outlineactivitie~
summariKed
in order of
programme or tile necessiJry En(,!:ineprin:,~ and Survey
(Drawing No. E-078/G:!), j'"I;),:-, b(~(~.~l p,c('par("c] and t~;;
bclo~. The actj.vities have been gruuped togctllel'
undt-c'rtaking tl!l~ "lock ..
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I. luitial Studies (AlI,'~usL-Septernbcr! 19'(8).
To improv(-'O thE' sa.ccty, Cfnd productivp 1.'apaci1y oj' the
mint" as soon as pOf':::iilJle, S\JX"\i{':"Y ~uld ('iviJ ll;nrsinecl."illg
dC'sign-lcOJlstruction act.i.\ Lties ::;llould commence immediately.
The activii ics cOII.::,idcl'ed nece~;t-ial'Y at tlliti tilllC ill IIHle:
'. a) The prpparaLion 01'
general area Hlap,
Dcpartlnent ('leriaJ
a 1:5()OO (Wj.~l'l 5 Illetrc COJltC)Urs)
using 1976 Tasmani<:Jn Lands
pho togL';i.j-:.dly.
b) [lIe cstablitdHuent of a Grid system of survey I'ontro.l
at the site, 1:1) enabJe I: lOOt) pi-t area nlapping to
proceed by ground survey techn.i.quf's.
( ) The carryin{~ out or dctaile-,J topographic andgeotechnLc;,ll (I: lO()O) surv(')y 01' tIle Slil'flC'~ Di~poEal
Dam, Sli.rrll;:"'::; L)ond Area, aJul I)iversion Channel.s for'
Hl'ad.":ihaw'...~ Creek and Gilh,llli Cr(~(·k.
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d) })I'epare detailed (·iv-~l Frlt~ineering l),l_an~ {'or the
partial rccc'D-,truction of t,fJC slimes disposaJ ·~J.am,
aIlel diversion channels .
...~) .Lnstitute a \-later sampling pr'ogrrullrne of nC'artJy CJ't:'\..~ks
and mine effluPllt, and ('Onlnl(.~[lCe laborat.ory studi(~s
')1' \v'ater treatmelli, ltIet,hods~
f) L:lJlnediatcly speed up Ule 01'(' ('-xplClraLi,olJ dri 1]111,"
proe''['amme (pussibLy by the addit,ion of' a second ri{:~),
tu enable the futuro extent of' thf~ mine' 1',0 be'
asccrt~ainc(l.
l·t Ls l:o be no1.f'd that Lf tnstrut'LioTlri in the above were
['t,('piv(!ci by 9th AUGust, '1978, t:hel, rtemt:i (a) tn (d), uuld
he cOlllp.leted by 2l+th September, 1<)7K. Reconstruction (~\r
the Slimes Dam/Diversion Channels (~uuld tlu-:>re.t'o:Ci:-- be'
I1ndi.:\rtal.;:t~rl in Octobf:~r, 1978. TJH"'! appr()ximat(~ cost.~; oj"
this work wouJ(j 1)8:
* $~,uun
)f- Ground Survey ( I: 1()UO)
- C()rl.irlll :";;'lIT'V~~Y
"* DesiGIl or di-..'el.'si,oJl chaIlnc_L~3,
dam reconstruction, appI'ox.
location of' stormw'rltcl' cll'.inncls
around pit.
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The ah,)v(' cstj.mat~,' however exc ludes air.L·ar('~ ~ and
51 to ac('omlllodatiolt, E''\.pcnscs ~
Subsequently, the various Enr:'inccJ"Lne; wor](s ret'erred
to aboY(~ should bt:~ constructed under 1:J~ng:i.He('rinG
Supervi~lon.
Immediate Studie" (September-November, 1978).
'ru provide a prope1"' basis t~or all ub,jec,ti-ve assessnlcnt: ul
tl\e ltl.i.nl"'~ ',:(~OII()!JJic viability, rjeLailf~'cl Civil/Geotechni('F'~J
Engill(~(~ring Studi.8S arc necessary. A pre-r('qllisitc tosuch '3tlulics are the :::;ul""'veys, deslglls, etc., referred tu
in ) ".ibo\'c, and tllcse aelcli tional studies should lnc Lude:
* In\-cstig-atioJl of varioll:::i methoLi~ of' overburden
rCllloval, and J.jkeJ_y costH.
* \tlC'thod.s of' treatment of mine wast.e watf'T', t,ai l i.nesand slime.c:.
.' * (lllLJinc' invesTigation,
-;tortnwater and rulated
[lad dl~si{~n, or vnri\)Uf;
tirain;:.lgt:' work::-;.
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Investigation rJJlcl design or su-i.tablt~ poi t 51npps.
fll'c'Ji_lllinary d8::,il.~Tl of' OV(o'.l'bllnJ(~Jl stripping ()r)(~ratiun:':-.
* Ail A5;-::'C'~SlTtent or the location of new creek dj versicln
::" l..I'l1.t~tt:Lres, rac(~.~, and stol"ITI-..;a.t(.'r Cban.lle.l,.':5.
[1' instrllctions in tilLti mutter wen, g-j"en by I"id-~,('ptelllhel,
1)7,s, tJl,-:'n tb-Ls pecr of the \fork could be l:tllnpJr'I'!_'d h\ end
,,If NovC'llirJcr 1978. Thf-.' app.T'UXiUF,ll.c' cost uf' Ltlio-; hon r'kwullld
he $J6,OUO~ an am01J1l1; hllicll incJuclc::, ~~l.OO() (0 0 1' lElb"r,"l(1ry
testine; oJ' h'cl,Lel' ,':';llnpl ('::_~.
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822GCD { .
Un til~:' lJ;l.:'iL:,,; tllat (he f\'linu I.~, ~ho\.1,'n tp be clunulllicc:.d.ly
vi;:ibic t Lrlcn -Lt ",,'ill be llQC(;.,::;,.c;<J.ry to ~)J'Of<:I"c.c.:,.",:i,vply
.invpst:il'.';a1:(', des.i.{~Jl arl •• 1 C'OJLstr1.1ct tJle varit,lu,"-'. Illa,Jor
Ci,-'iJ Engint'\_~ring St,ru,'tll]'CS (c. t:. SLUrIJlWLlLrc:l' cllan1181s,
dams, (,l,C.), requiI'pcL L(l IlJaLntain and extend the mine.
These qpc)rations :;;;hould bl:' trcatQcl on an inej"i,vidual
I pro,J('(:t I basis, ilnd CCJllJd incLLlcic such i LCIIl::-: at;:
* Con~truction or a nc~w \:fiVl'l";--:,inn cl.::un al
Hl',j,lI stla\\: IS C'I'cc:k.
'/I neC()IL·~t.l1,Jct,joll of' [-;lIe 11Jd \\!at(~l Haec) ror
Gillt;,1111 Cr~-.,ek •
• .* G(~n('raJ Pit :-:-;tl'lppi.nr~ and OverlHln.icn remuval
planning.
* DesiGn l)f rlA~ sj.j.IIIes (i.LspIJsal UI'eas (e.G. ontb(~ old t;:.liling5 dump:-:;) ..
* rh:'~e1(lprnent u.L' imprcvf-_'d fll('t.!11)dh or t<:ljlinGb
di~po~.;al.
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To a;-:':::;olst in t;hc~ i.lllpJcmnuratioLl of tllc~ abuv!_', nrah'Lnr~
"Jo .. E-O'?8/C::..), has b(~en prc.'par'(-'IJ, <:IIHJ 1,.,"-; included to
facilita'lf: cli.:::;,;ussion or LI1e stLl.' pruIJlern,'-:i.
I I 82~O10I I
• ] AUGUST SEPTEMBER I OCTOBER NOVEMBER~ I
TENTATIVE OATES 6/8 13/8 20/8 27/8 3/9 10/9 17/9 24/9 1/10 8110 15/10 22/10 29/10 5/11 12111 19111 26/11 3/12..ACTIVITY WEEKS 11 17 1 IL '5 6 7 A Iq In 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1I Mobil/sol/on I ~•
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• E TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY..;
j0 *Prapor<z ;"5000 oraa /rJ0P' d
ui -pholo,?ro/"n/"nat'ry /}-0/7? /9?"6 pho/as.~
0
*Prapora. /:/000 /n/na /n0p.-as/obl/sh 9rovnd con/ro/ 9r,d ~/Ih
~pa.rrnonanl" 0$101/0'10$.
-daloilad s/~o SVrya.y or a)£.<5I//-9dn:Nn09a slrvct'vrrzs ¥ n?/na. !'bca. oreo, 0
-.:::-orl''/ca plol doh.
~• 3. DESIGN OF STRUCTURES. -i:
*'Dasyn na~roda. , o//;?/?/77an/ of O/lho/77 CA ~.. ond Brv. 'Sho_s C/r C71vars/on chonna/s.
• ~Oas/;?n s///7Ja-o$ dOn? racons/rvcl/on. ~.. -9=109/co/ I/ald slvdy or s/t'a ¥ borrvwonza5 ~0 ~
-oIY,/ca. cornpvlol/on ( plo/f/n9',
\J"Brodsho_s Cit. ,pva.rs/on darn nz/ocot'/on.-o$//'a sa./a.c.hon .-or/Yea. da.s'9n .
j4- OVERBURDEN REMOVAL INVESTIGATION.
.Or,IIN'9 ~ ,r>larpralol'on or ora. /ocohon Acca./ar. fa.d Dro ~o/"/'Y)o, _ IP""'rC7/.~"?ron",na ~a.
(by A/nda.x or dha.rs). -~ : f: ::~ -=I- - - I: ~-
• - ~ - I- "- I- - - --=I- - -E.. "'Dara.rm,nohon or slobla ovarbvrolzn sb"a..
fJ1nvash9oflon 01' ova.rburof:z.n nZ/nOvo/ /TJczf. cic - =~~- c-
",ora-para. ova.rburdan ramovo/ prog/C7n?O?<z..5. WASTE DISPOSAL INVESTIGATION.
f GrOt/ndwola.r conlro/ slud:;.-loco Ito n or o,?v/l2z.rS .
-da.s'9n 01' poss,bla. cuI oIY slrvclur=."rod//j::, msposo/.
-/TJa.f. 00' ~ ora.os.-SI/ma.s mspo:scl.-sornplln:J ., laslm9 (looorvTory) 01' i'Vonz,-
- f- - - -- -- -- - - - - - - - -- - -= ~- - - - f- - - f-- -
f- --=- -- - - - - ---- -
J~-das'9/7 01' sa /fl/ng 'ponds. - -- - - - - -
0 -- - - - - - - f- -- - - --- - - - - - I- - - - -6. DOCUMENT AHD REPORT.
ANDREW SHIRLEY. ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED~~ I I /VorA- by Andr<zpv Sh//-/cZ'y ¢ Assoc. fly Lrdgco
"' /VorA- by A/>?dcZ% N/r)/r]5' Lid
t I p'/orA- 0/ subconrroclors AndrcZJoVTO
~Shlr!<zy ~ Assoc.. ,oy Lid
! ' [:::::::~J AcltYlly CO/>?/n<zacr2.S/ conhnua.so~ 01
~radvca.d rala..
•I
"I
SUite 3. 17-19 Florence Street,Horn.by. N SW 20771021 472853
MINE FEASIBILITY STUDY PROGRAMMEPIONEER TIN MINE, TASMANIA
AMDEX MINING Ltd
'0.
H.1. S
E-078/ G2
DhCUSS rON OF 'lJ NE l'I"'III,1<;'IS
I. l...ocatioJ] and Ji~xt('nt or Ul'e Body.
822011 8.
•
•
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,-
,,~ .
Before any propel' planning of soi.tr' operations (.:all be
undertakerl, it is cleal'ly essent:illl tlJ kTll)~ tIle clircc-tioTl{S)in whicll it is propused Lo extend the mine. Whilst in
general terms it is apparent that the main '\v'yIl:i.furci' ore
lead extends undel"" the diversi.on d<1m, the detailed (:'x-LClLt
of the proposed pi t is apparently not l'310Wll. Cons ('quc-nt1y,
it is suggested that:
* TIle ore reserve_ programme drilling rig be spef'.dedup, (possibly by the establisbment or a secondd.'illing rig at tile site).
Plans slLowinf~' the possibl€) ex.tent or the pi t be
prepared as 500£1 as possib.le •
It would also be of' con.siclcrablc assistance if the
exploraLi()f1 drlll holes were logged by an Engin8(~ring
CTeologi~~;t during drilling, in a manner sl.Li tahle t'or
GeoteclUlical interpretation.
In addlti()fi, thp regi()llal geology irldicates t:tlat ttlC rlip
or the ore strata is such that it may be pr~~ l'erab] e to
mLnp the ore in a cli:ft'erent directiol:, to tJlat beinc
prest.~ntly undertaken. Tlli t:;, and ()LheT relatpd rnatcerf'i,
are mor(' IU] Ly discuss('d in paragraph~ 3 and 4 or i'II.L:,>
Discussiun.
Mining UD\'ration.~ and PlaJlnint~.
The allllO:-; L total ab5l.~nCC or prop(~r plans f'Ol- dC'vf'l()prn(-~nt
of' --cllc mine, excavation method:-;, andwa;-,te trpat':lIIenT is
(~oll::-3idel:-cd tl) bl_' tilp prime CaUfl(' (11' Lh(-:, prCRent di.fficul tit's •
Jt lM consJdcred flI0,st unwise to und,crta.ke e:x.cavatil)E5 of
the planned rnaglli tudf:' (about to 1.5 milLion cubi (' mf'tre~s
per alUtlUll), witholll a proppr plan. FUr'Ll1er uur eX!-I(:'cience
in Il\;Jttcrs 01' this t,yP(~ indicates that the lack of suc:h
essenl:ial ,~urv~~y and pJ anlling data inevit.ably lr'<.l,d:,:;· I,D
uneCOnOfll.l.c, and s()rn,~Limp~j dang/;l'ouS, mi.n.i.ng tnr~thoJd':,:.
1'·'01' exarnpl L':
T11(~ location of the lle"l sl:iml~~':-' ci.ispo:::al darn ncar rlJ.c
top 0.1' the (,1(1 pit, an(1 the (Jiv('rsinn oj' G,ilham Creek
through a right ang;lei.l bend around tilE' dam, is regarded as
potentiiJ.l1y dang·~)rou,'::i. Dl1ring the cour.':-i() or our in.--;p~ction,
the "''-lltCl~ f'lowillg thr'Qugh tile' diversj.oIl ch8nnt'1 wafO
(~roding the bt1~3~,' and siclo.5 o.f' thc' ctlanne 1.; l·u r'ther,
calculations have iltd.icated that: tIllc· chi:utn(~l (;ucJ.ld f.lu()d
t.l.tt:" pit areas. (S('~e {_';l'aphs in Appen(LLx)~. TIH' CUIlS('qu8ru~~:,.'s
of such pit t'loudin{-"; (;uuld irll;ludc:
•
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822012* Pt.:.'"r:3orlill Ll.1jur"y.
"* Lo:'-3~ ul' ]}r~I(I\Jct iOll.
* Des lruction ()fi\lining f'q[JiPf(II~flL.
Pr()per planning of the di V(~J',sion cj-I~)nncl, and clam, ""'OEJcJ
1"la-ve e1 i:ninCi-ced the abo"ve risks.
In Ute ligh.-t of tht'" aLHYvc comments, it is l'CHI ..;.;ider"ed cllat
tlle obt8ining 0[' :,::,uitablc site survey, an.d l'uJ'Jtt;d
{~potechni(~al da.ta, is n matter of t:hE~ hiGhf'st lH.'ior"j ty.
Immediately al'tc:'r\ve-lrd:s, plans I'o]' Lll" ['('CUU.-"l:J;lcti,lll of
tile' danC;t~rOilS structures should l:)C prepar('(! and appropriate
cUllstruction activities comrnencecl. AL'1:er lh~~."-ie pr·iorit.y
\\o-ork::-: are llndert:ak(-~l1, then it \vi.lL he pn,5:::>.iblc to develop
proper plans for future HLining at the siL,,'.
Pit Slupe Stability.
Site \)l):'3erva-tions and measurements hav(: indicated 1;llat
* Tlle i.nstal):il_ity ill the pil; ~j()pes is pI'irrlaril.y
caused by ex(~a\/ating t.lle '-'iiLc' illaterials in benches
tuo high :for the streng-tIl or tiu' in-situ materi.als ..
* Partia"i failure of the ne''II'Jy ex(;avatcd 810pes can
bt" (~x}Jectl:~d at i1Jly time; such f'ailurc!::'i could fj(:\'ur
wi t:}lClll.t \\rarning.
cll' Tile' present method of' mining the o\'cl'burden is
unsatisfactory, and the prime cause or pit slopf\
LnsLability.
Provided th.at a propf~r planned method of exca.vating both
overburd~~n and ore is develop~'d, t(~cbl1_i.('ally acceptElbl(~
and safe slopes shou1d bp able to be achieved intlL-ts mine.
Ho\\.'-cYer, to achi(~ve and maintain sare .'-~lop('s it wLIJ be
necessary to:
* Carry out lll-i,ninG in ac(:urllancc \\-'itl) a properly
rt!ouc;ht out IJlan.
("l"ncl",)l s'to1.'ln\\la-Lcr anu {';1'OUl1(-:tWCl'lf."J_'.
* Mi.tIC overbtlrderl an(l Ol"e s('parat(~ly.
Drawing No. E-078/Gl.t has been pr(,:;pared Lo il1ustra,te <.i
possible &;cneral arrangement of the mi1l0 \vol'king face,
which w·ould provide much Greater stability (If" 'the minc' arp,'1.
Tn respect of' this proposed me-thad 01' excavating 1>0 th tllt.:'
OVerbl.lrdcIl ane! 01'8, it is to be noted tJlat,:
•
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4.
822013 10.
* Ne<1r ~urrEtce piL ~lopesi_ll ()YCrblU'dcIl drG t:,tl()\·n}
~lt a sl()p~ angJ[~ or" "38 dc{~rc('s, ~o rl-lat st,ability
call be' rtIairlt;lined foT:' seyer-at months (possibly
up to 9 montil,.,).
i( The majority oJ' the overburden i:::; excavated \.\'i ttl
a wOI*ing I'ac'e of approximateJ_y ~5 degrees; aslope angle which site IlJcusurernents iucticatc shuuld
1I1':::lintain stabili ty for scv(~raJ weeks l po:.;;sibly up
t;o J months).
-If rho working face in the or(~-bearinb' 811u\Tium is
l'e~tricted to a height or S metres, a height at
which the site materials should be ab.le to standtemporarily, aun f~ai.L in a planned manIH'l..... 1 t is
our opinion that race heights gr(~ater than 9 H1ctI'es
are, thE.".'oretici:llly, immediately ullstable.
It is also our view tha·t a, considerable alllounL at' ....'ork: can
be '::]OIl(':', which will significantly improve tlu:' sai'ety arvJ
economic operations of' the pit, a.lrnost immediately (i.e. in
the next 6 to 12. w'eeks). A pre-rt:.~quisite to such h'ork,
h'ould ll.owever be the immediate cacrying out or site survey
(both l'rom Aerial Photography and Ground Sllrvi~Y), and tll(·~
preparation of' appropriate Engineering DesiGns 1.'01' the
various w·arks to be constructed.
Overburden Removal Methods.
It 15 paramount to the viability oJ' thn mining operationat Pi one.:.?!' that the mo s t c~conorni (' me thod 0 f overburden
removal be implemented, and that the method adopted lJe
compatible with the range of gl'()UIlrl conditioJlS Ij.kRly to
be experienced during the opera.t~Lon ot' thQ mine. Previous
mining o:f t:he lead ha:,,; revealed an ov~·~!rburden ",'ith horizons
which ha-ve varyinE); engineering propertie~, and vlldch could
require special tI'eat"lent. For 0xampJ.c, it used to be
common practice t~o use pxplosive~ to loosen the hard.
claypan horizon which, occurs in the upper levels Df the
overburclen. Consequently, during '.·I1C course of expluration
drilJ.in~, it is important that tile erlgiT10cr:i.ng properties
of' the overburden nwtcrial be accurlJ.tcJy logc;ed.
To enable the most eCC)llOlnic mettlU(] of' rem()v:Ll1g the Qverburden
to be lif~veloped, it is rcconuncnded that:
a) ~ detailed study be made of" past; InetllO(is ()£ I'clooving
tl'lc oVI:~rbu:rden.
b) Extensi.ve Lnv()stigat~Ol] bl) ITlade in to various present
day methods of' removing UIP IlIateriaJs •
8220J4 11.
ltem (b) \\'ouldllf-lturaJly i.lIcludc a. stl.Jcly or all possible
ml',thod:c; and cOlllbinatiol15 or Ult:'tJll){I.s t v;hich could incJ.lld,;-;
the basIc
dragl iJH~,
remo,\raJ.
cunlponpnt::-; ()f ~"crapct', (lr)'/,~~r,
sJ.loveJ, and lly(lraulic Illetll(Ids
conveying,or overburden
It may we].l be ttJat tIle final 1'('(:ulrl~lendation of SU(~ll astudy would require differc-:'nt tecll11iqucs or combination
of' tt:chni.que~ of overlJu.l'den removal dependin{{ upon thi:."
ground condl tions revpal ed by the exploration clril J. ing.
Storm"ko'ater Control in )Fvli.ne AT'oa.
It is our vie"," that thc~ majori ty of the overburden
excavation problem."" arc being caused by the totall)- inadeqlJate
methods of si te :3t;ormwat(~r, and {';rnundwatf~I', control. It is
therefore critically important 1~o re-establish proper
dra:Lna,gc ill tIle az'ea a~ 50011 as possiIJJ.e.
It is also to be noted that., thc' PiolH::.'er Mine is l()cat~,:d ;j,t
the ccn1~r()i.d or fl substantia.! catchment area, into whicLL
three (3) creeks .flow (viz. Racpcoursc Creek, Bradtiha","s
Creek and Gilham Creek). Referenc'E' td Drawing No. E-078/Gj,
wil.l S110W how vul.llerable the luir18 aI'ca is to fJ_oading :frolII
these creeks; the plan also indica.tes the IlleaSLlres taken
a number or years ago to prevent such flooding (ref. the
'Old Water Race' rrom Gilham Creek). It would appear tlJa i
tIle recoflsLrul:tioll of such watcl:' ral"OS WOllld IrlateI'iallyreduce thl~ vulncratJility or the mine to st(Jrmwatcr flows,
and :flooding.
Calculations upon the capacity (Jt"' Lhe new Diversiull
Channel for the cOIllbin(~d Gilham and Bradshaw I s Crc~~k~_~
(.Ref. Fig'ures A 1, A2 and AJ ill the ApPt~ndix), have
indicated that:
• ..
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The portion of' Lilt:.': channel wit.h a bed Sll)pe orIO~k, has strcalllf'lo'W velocities D.r approximately
4.0m/sec.
in those parts or the channel with a bed SlOp'2 or
J%, streamflow v'elo(~ities l)£ approximately2.5m/sec. can be expected.
•
lot is established Engi,neering practice to lilll:Lt flow
vcloeity in eartlJ channels or this type to a maximum -../alue
ot' 1.5rn/sec, tu reduce channel erosion to an acceptable le\rel.
Cons(~~lently, it is anticipated tJlat severf~ erosion or both
the channel bed and si.dcswil.l nc'cur in those section of
the Diversion which have a grade of great(~r tharl 1% (\,'at:er
velocity approximately I.Sm/sec.) •
822015 1 ',I
It is a.lsn r'eeorTIIllend(-'c! tJ.lat ;111) 1']('W up,'n Cl18nnet3
::-;huuld t'-_~('Il(:'ral1.v be CO II."" Cruc Lc'(! h"i.111 Lrap,,-'/,c1idCiL
~\,ct-i.UI1:":' ha"vinc; sid(~ :-::.J opes 1.10 i f"~I_'l'c(iinl-=': It: J
horizlult<:i.L to vertical; al.so 1.111' invert 0'(" tIll" dr3.in
should be (,'Xl'avated inti) the 'f(~rti;ll'-Y ALJuviaJ (hardpan)
material wht're po:-:;:-)~ible.
In addi tiOll, tile olltcrop of tilt:::' COlltact between tlle Ha~;~_Lt
flow's and th(~ Grant te ruc:ks in tile upper catchlfl('~nt areas,i~, a source of cnnsidc-'l'able I.1ndercruund ....:8 LeT'flow, "\ow"hiel1
(;()11I8S to the ,surl'acc: as 'Spring-ti'. In et'fecl, the Basalt
l'ock act.s as a collee tnt' for thC~l' underground aquii\:"r.::.,
and so the catclullent arl~as 1~()r t11.0 variou:'i creeks are nluch
larger t:llall th(~ topf)graphic condi t:j ()J15 \Y-ou.Ld indicate.
6.. III flit ~·1in(· Water C'ontl'ul.
TlLe :r'e~~.ionaL g'eotogy of the area (rc'CPI' Tasmanian D(-~part'n('llt
df ~1illes Geologica] Survey Bulletin No. 35, 192.")), show::,-
the Wyni.ford Rivpr Lead at PiuJJ{'(~r to be an old rivf.:'r
course w'11ich fluwe(J iutci the R.i..Il(;"arUoma Rj.ver, v,'lJich in
turll ",,"as formcr·l.y .I ocated tl) tll(~ north-west ():f Plori.t'pr.
Tn the absence of groun(l nlovC'nl(~JJt.s sj_nf'e the ure-bt:'ariIlg·
dc-posits were laid dOWJl, it is rCi'lSOIl<:ible to a5f'umf~ tlu'
al1u.vicll tia deposit wil J dip 1;1) th.f' nortb-w(;,~t. 'fhi:>,
'-ollpJ.ed with the sl_ope of the natur'sl gr'ound 8urf'a('8 in
the area to the C'8St, presf.>nt::; an unf'l1vourablo situati.on
['or tht~ ·jispusal of in-pit mine \.\ft'tter.
J.t i ':, tIJt~rf>I'ore con~idered essential that as part or tht:::
nvera.] L drj 1J.1l1[l; and mine plann:i.ng pllasl', chat ct'tref"ul
ElttE'nt.ion be paid to slope 01 thp bedru('k at the base of
the deposit with a view 1;0 tht' ultimate disposal of mine
water.
Our si.te ohservations also indi\..~a.ted t:llat the majorl ty of
the sub-surf'ace water was emanati.ng immediately ;.'I.-bov!? thf;:~
ore-beal'inp; allllvial material. 'fIJi::; SUbSlll'raC'f~ water cume~)
into the pit ill locaJisccl areas, uft,en as a concentrated
stream, and therefore causes cunsideral.llf::.' problen15 1,1) the
mininp· operation. The suggested method of working the mine
J·acf~wuu.ld also permi t the insta.! lation oj' sub:,:,urfacc (lrainb
to enable the control of' these \Io,'aters. The 3ub~Ll.rfi..'i(:e
drains could probably uti.lis(~ tJIF' oltl Tailillgs Illaterial ,,:;
;lS <J Ci.l tel' rnat(-~T'ial, and. as stIch could be cOllstl'uctf.'d
r~']at:i.ve]y clloaply.
822016
• I • ~l1.rnl'~'~ ;;1,!J11EfJ'luf'nt Trea(,II[C'Dl.
It -w'oul(] appear that thf' ...;;;lilll(';-; and ef'fJI,lcnt LCeai.:nlcn-t.
rH~eds cclref'1l1 considerati.on and planl1Ing before' ['ur'Lllcr
construction welrl.;,. can l)(,~ carrif:~d uLlt,. /\ crit:icetJ riictor
sLinH~5 1:::-> the 1 engtlJ or t..irrw
settling or t..he cJ.ay to permj C
\Il,'at\;-I'. Some ~_~alllplJ_ng't t:e~tillC;
Crolll the mine i s tll(...~rcfnr(' a
in the treatrlletlt of tll(~
required for sufl'icient
decanti]lg ()f the 'clean l
..md analysis of Llle wnter
(Ilatter' 01' consider'able I)J~i()rity.
It is al~o OlJT vj_el~ that AllY settliJlg pOJlds S]-I()I.,ld t,e
operate!:] on a 'cyclj_(~' 1lasis,wiLh at least two pond ar~aci.
Tn this way tlH' (~rfluC'nt can bp completely arrested, and
the maximum effect obtained i'rom Ir.~'rLi,'ityl sf~ttling.
8.
• It is our opinion that the BraushiJ"W l.s Creek Uive,csion Dam
i,~ prescnlly having only a minor el'f'ect ulJun the pit slopf:
stabili ty; howe'\/er, as the pi t ac!vanct:'s towards the dam,
the detrimentaJ effect will signiJ'icantJy incr€.'ase.
TT,Il' stabil.i'ty of the embankrncnL ~tJ'u(~ture itself· i~
hO\~'FVer .suspect, as muddy water wa:--; observod near the
outlet of the scour pipp. It i.s uLll,Jer.':'itood that this
piPf~ was acc,irlentally damaged by a bulldozeI' sume timE.~ ago,
'Hid this damage cn~'iy b(~ now givinG :c:ise to internal erosion
and piping' wi til.in the dam.
Tll.e di\' \"Iesiun C'llan,nL~l for nrad.'"';haw I s Creek arollnd tl18
northern side of tlle mine is s.1.lIl:i. tflrly only having i:l minor
pff'ect on tlle pit stability. HO\{f~VCr, the 'Viaduct l
section I~)r the Hacc could be perJ1li tting sfficdl quanti ti e:::
()f" seepa;:e t() l)ass .into t~le overburdcIl ad,jacent t,() the
l:l-ine, ant] consequently make oV(.'l'burden stripping opQrat.Lons
mncli Inure dii't'icul r.
I\NDHEW SHIHU,Y & I\SSOCIATES PTY. LIHITFU.
..
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o;;o
•"0o
I
SECT ION CC
rSECTION AA
SECTIONS THROUGH ACTIVE MINE AREA
SE C1IO 00
5eo e
1: 2S0
E-07B/G3
, '"," >
SUite 3 17-19 Florence StreetHornsby N SW 2077102' 472853
ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY LIMITED
AMOEX MINING Ltd
SECTIONS THROUGH PITPIONEER TIN MINE TASMANIAc.Occ//ons EE, ,~r<ff 00 ar",,~
_'7'-'cun?,znrczd <SCZp7rory
NOTES:1. mr dascr/LJI/ /'? or', ,
/7?o/ar/<7/ rcz/ar /0;\10 £-078/
SECTION BB
SECTIONS THROUGH OLD PIT5cm
I I 822018
•.. --!0rllzs 50 10 80~. -L 50 to 80/77 J 40 to 50rn
5-10,.,.,
Moia-rlol In this orao moyra~ovezd by:)Jourlad 100d<2r ¢ IrucA-s
or*scropa.rs .or."fronl and loodars ¢ Irucks
be Molar/C71 /,0 thiS ora.o moy be.rarnova.d 051':"bur/(z.d loodcz.r $ Iruck.s.
or"hyclroul,c /77<2.lhcx::/ Ore- r,z/7?ov,zd 6yhyoroullc m<2lhOd
o;;o
-,;r -"h.29r<2<::> /0_/
arczC7
o 9<2/7<2ro/ or,0/792-/77,z/>/,vvh,ch ...-vou/d
n-J/ncz
/n/O,k<25
orrO/7,9<2/7/<2n/ odoprQ.d shou/ooccordo/7cQ. ,vv//h 0 0'=/0//<2.0' /77/rJO_
/n/o occoU'/7/ /=0' <7'//77C/7s/orJsorlQ../7/O//C>I'? ~ ov,zrburo'<ZrJ choroc/ar/s//cs ond
rna/hod odopT,zd
drOI-V'/?9 daplc/s/77/aa JoVor:-r1/79 /c7c esI06/// ry oT' The
Tha oc/uo/yor/edwhIch
NOTES.I. ThiS
/odU/7?p.rpump----
/no/arlol ( IOpsOiI, 9ray SOad, <:111, e.lc. )
PorJ',oly Cal7?<Z./7T<Zdbonds or' c/oy (/0!'--_I
.-__, Porllol/;( ca/77<2./7/ad 9r<2.'y ¢ ye//ovv 6rovv/7 chycz.y
I 5/1/ vvl/h .bonds o~ s/Ilu c/ou on;T /Gco/Iscz.d__ L" .f' .7.7
layers or Ia.rr/·cra./,z
I:/;;~::?~I lI"j'hly
LEGEND8 @AllUVialOvo/ernory
hrllory
•<;o
•
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N. T. SDrQwlflQ Number
ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED
FACE ARRANGEMENTTIN MINE TASMANIA
WORKlN6PIONEER
~I
~ SUlle 3,17-19 florence StreetHornsby N,S.W 2077l- .-=~~_..:I02) 472853
~~------r=~==1.~<;o
...
• AMOEX MINING ltd E-07B/G4I I
..
•
C' ') " I' 1 9c ,- ... I~- \... J .
\ I
APPENDIX A
TECHNICAL DATA
ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTV. LIMITED
, '"•COMBINED
Bed slope
DIVERSION
Vs Average
CHANNEL
veloci tyFig A1
. ' . t i •
en(-.:J
t..::o,,')
oFlood recurrence Inte:'1a:
i
2 rl --{
oepth oj fl ow
t\'---__---'/ Assumed section
L
1yr< 13:'" '".--. >Co 'r> ~_. '"~n
'<033'":::>0..n>0..
3
~ 1v '
10
o-o
=>-'-'=
1 0 15 20
AVERAGE VELOC[T'/ 1m/51
30 ll" U 5 0
----------------------_......._-----~~- - ~
~.. ,lit ..
1 BRADSHAWS CREEK Fig A2I Bed slope Vs Average velocity
.. ' . . ' .
20 yr
-~---
10 yr
----- Flood recurrence interval
~~ Depth of flow
/2yr
2L~ Assum~rJ ':ect ion
. L- 25rn --J
lyr« 3:(1) ...
- ><o .n_. ~
~ (1)'< n
o33no:::>c..(1)
c..
/
10
o5-
o1-
-'-'"'- 1=---'VJ
=-'-'=
o""-.,
1. 0 15 20 30 5 0
AVERAGE VELOCITY Im/s)
... • .' , .GILHAM CREEK
Ben slope VsFig A3
Average velocity
2~ II Assumed sect i on1 '----------'.
,-- 2 Sen-~Q(j
l''':>{'~
(",;,
M• ..:l
Flood recurrence Interval
Depth of flow_.--- _. --
2yr TOyr
I -
I
Q·l
3-
1Q-
I
I
o5
o
--o
=~,CD
...wCL
=c;:; 1-
1 0 15 2 0 30 I, D 5 0
AVER AGE VELOC[ TV 1m lsi
<0 e
1: 13.680Drowi Nvm
E-07B / G5
Scm
822023
J J
DRAINAGE
TASMANIA
,
Suite 3. 17-19 Florence Street,Hom.by. N.S.w. 2077(02) 472853
ANDREW SHIRLEY & ASSOCIATES PTY. LIMITED
CONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS
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AMDEX MINING Ltd
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PIONEER TIN MINE
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