Construction of Soldier Pile Wall in Tolo Highway Widening...
Transcript of Construction of Soldier Pile Wall in Tolo Highway Widening...
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Construction of a New Type of Retaining Walls with Stabilizing Base using Precast Panels at Tolo Highway Widening
(10 October 2013)
Ir Benson Lam and Ir John Chan
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Outline
Project Background
Scope of Geotechnical Works
Cantilever Retaining Wall with Stabilizing Base
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
Construction Sequences
Construction Difficulties and Solutions
Programme
Monitoring on Retaining Wall Movement
Photo Highlights
Conclusion
Q&A
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Project Background
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North
Tolo Highway
Shatin
Fanling
Map of Hong Kong
Project Background
Tolo Highway at North-east New Territories of Hong Kong
Fanling Highway
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Project Background
To alleviate the traffic congestion problem
To meet the anticipated traffic growth
Year 2011 2018 2021
v/c ratio without the Stage 2 works 0.96 1.16 1.18
v/c ratio with the Stage 2 works – 0.86 0.89
Year 2008 2011 2016 2021
v/c ratio without the Stage 1 works 0.98 1.09 1.23 1.37
v/c ratio with the Stage 1 works - - 0.91 1.00
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Project Background
Stage 1 – Contract HY/2008/09
Widening of Tolo Highway between Island
House Interchange and Ma Wo
Stage 1 – Contract HY/2009/08
Widening of Tolo Highway / Fanling Highway
between Ma Wo and Tai Hang
Stage 2 – Contract HY/2012/06
Widening of Fanling Highway between Tai Hang
and Wo Hop Shek Interchange
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Project Background
Contract No. HY/2009/08
Widening of Tolo Highway
/Fanling Highway
Between Ma Wo and Tai Hang
(3.5 km)
Tai Hang Village
Ma Wo
Tai Hang
To Fanling
To Sha Tin District
“Hong Lok Yuen”
Residential Area
Tai Po District
City Centre
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Contract HY/2009/08
Client Highways Department, HKSAR
Main
Contractor
Gammon Construction Limited
Major
Scope
• Widening of a 3.5 km section
of Tolo Highway
• Modification and
reconstruction of highway and
bridges
• Retaining walls and
slopeworks
• Noise Barriers
• Associated road and drainage,
landscape and lighting works
Contract
Sum
HK$2.38 billion
Contract
Period
February 2010 to
December 2013 (46 months)
Project Background
3.5km Road Widening
Photomontage of Tolo Highway
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Upgraded Existing Wall
W35A
W35 & S21
Existing Box-culvert TP8
Soldier Pile Wall with
Stabilizing Base (W38)
& Cut Slope S22 HY/2008/09 HY/2009/08
Natural Terrain
Study Area 2A
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W45-W47
Extension of Existing
Box-culvert TP9
S24
S27
S26 W50
Extension of Existing
Box-culvert TP9
L-shaped RC Wall with
Inclined Wall Base
(W51-W56)
Gravity Wall with
Inclined Wall Back
(W56A) W48-W49
L-shaped RC Wall
supported on Mini-piles
W39 & W40
Natural Terrain
Study Area 3A
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Soldier Pile Wall with Stabilizing
Base using Precast Panel
(W56B)
S29
S28
Goose Shaped Wall
(W56A)
S29
Natural Terrain
Study Area 3A
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Soldier Pile Wall with Stabilizing
Base using Precast Panel
(W56B)
S29
S28
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Goose Shaped Wall
(W56B)
Bridge 12A
Soldier Pile Wall with Stabilizing Base
(W57B)
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Bridge 12A
Natural Terrain
Study Area 4 Rock Fill Slope &
Soil Cut Slope upgraded by
Soil Nailing Technique
(S31A)
Goose Shaped Wall
(W59)
Soldier Pile Wall with Stabilizing Base
(W57B & W57C)
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Rock Slope (S31A)
W58B
L-shaped RC Wall
supported on Mini-piles
W60 & W61A
Bridge 13A
Tai Po Tai Wo Road
Link Bridge
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Bridge 15A
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L-shaped RC Wall with
Inclined Wall Base
(W65A & W65B)
Rock Fill Slope in
front of W65B
Existing Cut Slope 7NW-A/C35
upgraded by soil nailing technique
Natural Terrain
Study Area 6-2
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S37
Existing Cut Slope 7NW-A/C35
upgraded by soil nailing technique
7NW-A/CR39 upgraded
by soil nailing technique
S38 L-shaped RC Wall with
Inclined Wall Base
(W66 & W67)
S40
Natural Terrain
Study Area 6-1
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S40
S41
Reinforced
Fill Wall
Bridge 18A Existing Bridge to
be demolished S42
S39
S43 W71 W67
Natural Terrain
Study Area 6-2
Soldier Pile Wall with
Stabilizing Base
(W69)
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Soldier Pile Wall with
Stabilizing Base
(W69)
S41 W70
W68
Counterfort
Retaining Wall
W72A
L-shaped RC Wall with
Inclined Wall Base
(W73)
L-shaped RC Wall
supported on
Mini-piles
(W72B)
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New Lam Kam Road
Flyover
Counterfort
Retaining Wall
W72A
L-shaped RC Wall
supported on
Mini-piles
(W72B) L-shaped RC Wall with
Inclined Wall Base
(W73)
Extension of WSD’s
Existing Accommodation
Underpass
Rock Fill Slope
(S44A)
Re-compacted
Existing Fill
Slope
(S44B)
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New Lam Kam Road
Flyover
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General Constraints of the Contract
Close proximity to the existing Tolo Highway
The traffic flow of the existing expressway must be
maintained.
Vehicular access to the wall location is limited (only
via the expressway)
The solution must be cost effective.
Tight Programme
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Scope of Geotechnical Works
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Scope of Geotechnical Works
Slope Works – Soil/Rock Cut Slopes, Compacted
Fill Slopes, Rock Fill Slopes, Natural Terrain
Hazard Mitigation, Soil Nails, Existing Loose Fill
Slopes
Foundations – At-grade Structures; Piling works
including mini-piles and pre-bored-H piles
Retaining Walls – L-shape RC Walls with/without
counterfort, RC Retaining Walls with Sloping Wall
Back, Upgrading of Existing Retaining Walls,
Cantilever Retaining Wall with Stabilizing Base
using Precast Panel, etc
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Cantilever Retaining Wall with Stabilizing Base using Precast Panel
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Basic information
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Retaining Wall W56B
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Basic information
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Geology of the Site
Granodiorite
Colluvium
Alluvium
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Geological Model of W56B
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Initial Condition (for Part of the Wall)
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Boundary of
road after
widening
Retaining Walls
-Large retained height
-Trunk road at toe
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Other Concerns
Wall Alignment in Curvature
Construction Sequence – Curing & Concrete
Supply, etc
Extensive Amount of Large Scale Formwork &
Flasework required
Working at Height
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Conforming Design – Bored Pile Wall
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Design of Bored Pile Wall
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Construction of Bored Pile Wall
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10m
Heavy equipments /
piling platform is
required
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Alternative Design – Cantilever Wall with
Stabilizing Base
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Design Concept of the Cantilever Wall with
Stabilizing Base
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Alternative Design – Pre-bored H-pile wall with a stabilization base
Pre-bored H pile
RC Wall
Smaller equipments
could be used for
prebored H pile wall
No piling platform is
necessary
Technically feasible
6m
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Literature Review (1)
The influence of a stabilizing platform on the performance of an
embedded retaining wall: a finit element study, Powrie and Chandler
(1998)
Embedded bored pile retaining wall on the A406 North Circular Road at Waterworks Corner, South
Woodford, London, UK (Constructed on 1974)
10 October 2013 Page – 38
Bending Moment Wall Movement
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Literature Review (1)
The influence of a stabilizing platform on the performance of an
embedded retaining wall: a finit element study, Powrie and Chandler
(1998)
Embedded bored pile retaining wall on the A406 North Circular Road at Waterworks Corner, South
Woodford, London, UK (Constructed on 1974)
10 October 2013 Page – 39
Bending moments in stabilizing platforms of different lengths
Percentage decrease in crest displacement against platform length
/ embedment depth ratio
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Literature Review (2)
Back-analysis of an embedded retaiing wall with a stabilizing base slab,
Powrie, Chandler and Carder(1999)
Embedded bored pile retaining wall on the A406 North Circular Road at Waterworks Corner, South
Woodford, London, UK (Constructed on 1974)
10 October 2013 Page – 40
No obvious mechanism of collapse
on which to base a limit-equilibrium
analysis
The behaviour of the wall during
construction depends on the
sequence of excavation and
propping, and may have a significant
influence on the long-term
performance of the structure
In over-consolidated clay
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Literature Review (3)
Centrifuge modelling of embedded retaining walls with
stabilizing bases, Powrie and Daly(2007)
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Post-flight view of test no. K4, showing slip surface
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Design Consideration based on Literature Review
Ground / Groundwater Condition
Wall Geometry
Bending Stiffness of the Cantilever Wall and
Stabilizing Base
Construction Sequence
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Design Concept of the Cantilever Wall with
Stabilizing Base
Soil reaction from the stabilizing
base provides a restoring moment
to enhance the overturning
stability of the cantilever wall
Passive soil resistance on the
cantilever wall contributes to
increasing the sliding stability of
the wall
Composite section at wall stem
increases stiffness
Shear studs are needed to be
provided between the R.C. wall
and the pre-bored H pile wall to
resist the interface shear force
10 October 2013 Page – 43
Shear Stud
Stabilizing Base
Pre-bored H pile
Restoring
moment
Soil reaction
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Design of the Cantilever Wall with Stabilizing Base
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Further Revision– Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
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Other Concerns
Wall Alignment in Curvature
Construction Sequence – Curing & Concrete
Supply
Extensive Amount of Large Scale Formwork &
Flasework required
Working at Height
Excessive boulders, slow progress in rock
excavation and thus seriously insufficient time for
wall stem construction
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Design Concept of the Precast Panel
Use non-structural precast
panel as permanent formwork
of the RC wall
Additional Reinforcement
No temporary formwork
No temporary falsework in
front of the RC wall
Use hanging platform
Fixed on the precast panel
No working platform sitting
on ground level in front of
the RC wall
10 October 2013 Page – 47
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Advantages of using Precast Panel and Hanging
Platform
Near perfect concrete surface at retaining wall face
Smaller concreting volume & Better temperature
resistance
Eliminate the use of large scale formwork and
falsework
Workers worked in safe module working platform
Construction time significantly reduced
Works simultaneously at ground level and at
height
10 October 2013 Page – 48
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Construction Sequence
Page – 49 10 October 2013
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Construction Sequence
1. Pre-boring with guard-rail
2. Inserting H-pile
3. Grouting
10 October 2013 Page – 50
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Construction Sequence
7. Installation of waling
5. Excavation in front of Soldier Pile
6. Installation of shear stud & Temporary Tie-back
4. Extracting Temporary Casing
10 October 2013 Page – 51
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Construction Sequence
9. Construction of Stabilizing Base
8. Excavation down to Formation Level of Stabilizing Base
10 October 2013 Page – 52
Soldier Pile
Stabilizing Base
Tie-back for
temporary Stage
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 53
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 54
Precast Panels
Turnbuckle
Removable Tie
Waling
Dumbbells
Weep Holes Drain
U-Shaped Links
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 55
Step 1. Production of Precast Panel
Total 10 Bays
Approx. 450 Panels
Type A / Type B (Different in Pattern)
Custom Type around each bay
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 56
Step 1.
Production of Precast Panel
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 57
Step 2.
Transportation and
Storage of Precast
Panel
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 58
Step 3.
Install first layer of
precast panels on
the recess at “kicker
portion above base
slab”
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 59
Step 4.
Lifting
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 60
Step 5.
Connect the upper
portion of Precast
Panel to H-piles by a
removable tie waling
system
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 61
Step 6.
Adjust Precast Panel
by adjustable push &
prop system
Adjustable Length
Adjustable
Length
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 62
Step 7.
Fix the lower portion
of Precast Panel by
a dumbbell
connector
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 63
Step 8.
Loading Test
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 64
Step 9.
Carry out the reinforcement fixing
works, fix geocomposite drainage
layers & hydrophilic strips, install
weepholes, etc.
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 65
Step 10.
Concreting to the level below turnbuckile
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Construction Sequence of Wall Stem using
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
10 October 2013 Page – 66
Step 11. Remove the tie waling system for re-use
Step 12. Repeated step 4 -7 for another layer of precast panel
Step 13. Detach the lower hanging platform attached on the previously cast
panel and make good the tie bolt holes
Precast Panels
Turnbuckle
Removable Tie
Waling
Dumbbells
Weep Holes Drain
U-Shaped Links
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Construction Difficulties
Page – 67 10 October 2013
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Construction Difficulties
Not-uniform alignment of soldier piles
Proposed Alignment
Outward Rotated Inward
10 October 2013 Page – 68
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Construction Difficulties
Not-uniform alignment of soldier piles
Proposed Alignment
Outward Rotated Inward Adopted Design Scheme
10 October 2013 Page – 69
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Construction Difficulties
Drainage Layer - C-drain
10 October 2013 Page – 70
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Construction Difficulties
Drainage Layer
10 October 2013 Page – 71
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Construction Difficulties
Drainage Layer
C-drain fixing
10 October 2013 Page – 72
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Construction Difficulties
Installation of Precast Panel in Accurate Position
10 October 2013 Page – 73
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Programme and Progress
W69 (Length = 100m, Max. Height of Wall Stem = 16m)
Construction Time for Wall Stem = 10 months
W38 (Length = 148m, Max. Height of Wall Stem = 17m)
Construction Time for Wall Stem = 8 months
W56B (Length = 240m, Max. Height of Wall Stem = 19m)
Construction Time for Wall Stem using Precast Panel
and Hanging Platform = 7 months
10 October 2013 Page – 74
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Monitoring
Horizontal
Movement at Wall
Top Less than
0.25% of Retained
Height
Horizontal
Movement at Wall
Top Significantly
Increase after
removal of First
Layer of Tie Back
10 October 2013 Page – 75
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
22 Feb 12 17 May 12 10 Aug 12 4 Nov 12 28 Jan 13
Wall movement (mm)
Defo
rmation (
mm
)
-10
0
10
20
30
40
29 Sep 10 23 Dec 10 18 Mar 11 12 Jun 11 5 Sep 11 29 Nov 11 22 Feb 12 17 May 12 10 Aug 12 4 Nov 12 28 Jan 13 23 Apr 13 17 Jul 13 10 Oct 13
Wall movement (mm)
Defo
rmation (
mm
)
Removal of First
Tie Back
Removal of First
Tie Back
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Photo Highlights
Page – 76 10 October 2013
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Existing Carriageway to be widened
Initial Condition
10 October 2013 Page – 77
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10 October 2013 Page – 78
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10 October 2013 Page – 79
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10 October 2013 Page – 80
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10 October 2013 Page – 81
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10 October 2013 Page – 82
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10 October 2013 Page – 83
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Proposed Retaining wall with
Maximum Retained Height 17m
45 degree upslope above the wall top
10 October 2013 Page – 84
12m Stabilizing Base
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10 October 2013 Page – 85
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10 October 2013 Page – 86
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10 October 2013 Page – 87
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Conclusions
Page – 88 10 October 2013
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Conclusions
Pre-bored H-pile Wall with Stabilizing Base
Suitable for large retaining height
No heavy equipment and large piling platform
required, especially useful for construction of
retaining wall at existing slopes
Cost Saving
Precast Panel and Hanging Platform
Prefect Wall Face
Good Concrete Quality
Avoid large scale formwork and falsework
Safe
Significant Time Saving
10 October 2013 Page – 89
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Thank You Q & A
Page – 90 10 October 2013