Construction of Large-Scaled Bridge Projects in Recent Hong Kong

7/30/2019 Construction of Large-Scaled Bridge Projects in Recent Hong Kong

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Construction of Large-scaled

Bridge Projects in Recent

Hong Kong


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IntroductionAccompanying with the construction of the

new Hong Kong International Airport at ChekLap Kok which commenced in 1994, a series

of long span and very large-sized bridges have

been constructed as part of the airport, railway

and highway strategic development projects in

Hong Kong.


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Airport Core Projects

Tsing Ma and the Kap Shui Mun Bridges provide an important link

between the New Hong Kong Airport with the downtown city


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Bridges constructed as part of the

Airport Core ProjectsBridges involved in the Airport Core Projects (ACPs)

comprise of 2 rough categories, one is of elevatednature with span ranging from 35m up to approx. 90m,

constructed mainly in prefabricated manner in the form

of viaduct or other in-situ methods, such as those for theWest Kowloon Expressway and the North Lantau

Expressway.

The other is of long span nature with span ranging from

430m up to 1377m in the form of cable-stayed or cable

suspension bridges. Many of these bridges in the ACPsare double-decked with railway in the inner section.


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Highway systems under the Highway Strategic Plan 2000

(with major bridges encircled)


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Bridges constructed as part of the Highway

or Railway Strategic Development Projects

Bridges constructed as part of the highway or railway

strategic development projects are mainly in the formof viaduct with averaged span around 30m to 40m,

such as those for the Route 3, Tsing Yi North Coastal

Road and the West Rail.

One most spectacular long-span highway bridge project

that built in the recent years is the Ting Kau Bridge. Itis a 3-span cable-stayed bridge with averaged span

around 460m. It forms part of the 35km Route 3 system

of Hong Kong.


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West Rail

East Rail - Ma On

Shan Extension

Major Railway projects

soon to be opened (with

major bridges encircled)


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A review of the recent long-span bridges

construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge


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The 1377m

span Tsing

Ma Bridge


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Lantau Link comprising of

1. Tsing Ma Bridge

2. Ma Wan Viaduct

3. Kap Shui Mun Bridge

4. Various sections of bridge

concourse and approaches


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Construction of the

bridge approach on the

Tsing Yi Island side


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Completing the deck of TsingMa Bridge (abutting section at

Tsing Yi side) by erecting of

the steel truss at spot


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Forming the deck of theapproach section of Tsing Ma

Bridge on Ma Wan side using

erection and hoisting approach


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Foundation for the

bridge towers of the

Tsing Ma Bridge


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Forming the bridge anchor

(on the Tsing Yi Island side)


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Forming the bridge anchor(on the Ma Wan Island side)


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Connection the suspension

cable to the bridge anchor


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Forming the main cable


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Hoisting and erecting ofthe modulated bridge deck


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construction of the Kap Shui Mun Bridge


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The 430m Kap Shui Mun Bridge


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Construction of the Bridge Tower


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Connecting the deck modules


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The approach of Kap

Shui Mun Bridge on

the Lantau side


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Construction of the approachsection on Lantau side using

incremental launching method


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construction of the Ting Kau Bridge


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Overview of the

Ting Kau Bridge


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The foundation of the

bridge tower of Ting Kau

Bridge on Tsing Yi side


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Anchor head for thefixing of the stay cables


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Fixing of the bridge deck using balanced-cantilever approach


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Fixing of the deck girder

frame and the deck topping

using precast plank


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The approach section of Ting Kau Bridge on Ting Kau side


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Detail configuration of

the bridge approach


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Forming the deck of theapproach section using a

balanced-cantilever

traveling formwork


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Connecting the cable stay section to the bridge approach on Ting Kau side


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A review of other highway and

railway bridges

construction of elevation expressway


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West Kowloon Expressway and the Route 3 at Kwai Chung section


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Route 3 at Kwai Chungconstructed close to

servicing railway and

highway traffic using

precast V-beams


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Lifting of the V-beams onto the portal

frame using a launching gantry

Lifting of the V-beams onto the portal

frame using a launching gantry


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Laying of precast beams


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Securing the V-beams on theportal by anchor and the forming

of the deck with a RC topping


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elevated roadway constructed in the

form of viaduct


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Route 3 Kwai Chung Section


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Route 3 Country Park Section at Au Tau Interchange

Hung Hom Bypass


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Tsing Yi North Coastal Roadway


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Highway project inMa On Shan


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Launching gantry used in the Hung Hom Bypass


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Launching gantry used in

Route 3 at Au Tau Interchange


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Launching gantry used

in Tsing Yi North

Coastal Roadway


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Launching gantry used in the Ma On Shan highway project (T7)


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Launching Gantry

used in the Route 3Kwai Chung section


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A review of other highway andrailway bridges

construction of the viaduct systems

for the West Rail projects

Viaduct for railway


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track of the Kowloon

Canton Railway WestRail at the northwestern

part of the New

Territory, Hong Kong

Some sections of viaduct


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Some sections of viaduct

spanning more than 40mat Au Tau Interchange

Forming the iad ct


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Forming the viaduct

for railway trackusing the under-

slung girder and

longitudinal beam

supported method


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Erection of the viaduct

using balanced cantilever

arrangement with

temporary anchor before

completion of a span

Precast box girders


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Precast box girders

used for the viaduct


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A section of viaduct with provision for an extension to the future northern link


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Construction of some

sections of elevated railway

track using in-situ method


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Constructing the linking bridge between Tung Chung and Chek lap Kok

(the Airport Railway) using Incremental Launching method

Trends in the Construction of Bridges in HK


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Construction of large and long-span bridges is of no doubt apart of the major infrastructure development for a city,

which is, again, a reflection of the economical climate and

development strategy of the area.On the construction side, the limited land reserve in Hong

Kong does imposes stringent conditions especially where

the options and cost effectiveness of constructing a bridgeis concerned. To cope with these considerations, a few

world-class bridges over 1000m span are yet scheduled for

completion in the coming decade, in view of keeping Hong

Kong to be competitive in particular within the highly

economic-active region in the southern part of China. The

construction of these bridges is, without much choice, in the

form of either cable-stayed or suspension bridges.

The construction of other medium to short-span bridges are

becoming much popular recently as part of the highway

improvement strategy in Hong Kong


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improvement strategy in Hong Kong.

The shortage of space for highway improvement works, the

involvement of complicated interchanging provisions, the

familiarization of bridge construction techniques in catering

various local constraints with acceptable cost, are factors that made

bridges of this type becoming popular.

Some inherited difficulties such as the requirement of large amountof working spaces for the forming, transporting and storing of the

roomy precast elements; the operation of the launching works, or

arrangement for traffic diversion within existing busy roadway,

still makes roadwork under urban environments complicated and

costly. Needless to mention working in environmental sensitive

locations such as where protection to natural habitats or rural

culture is required; or where waste, noise and dust problems are ofultimate concern.

The cost for constructing bridges are unavoidably high in


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particular working within congested and complicated urban

environment like Hong Kong.

As a tradition, bridges and elevated highway structures in Hong

Kong are mainly constructed in concrete. As a cost saving option,steel bridge, say, in hollow section, box-girder or any other

feasible design, may be alternative choices for highway bridges,

like those commonly used in Mainland China or Japan. Thesaving in initial cost and construction time of using such

alternatives may provide surplus capitals and expedite the

ongoing infrastructure projects, this is essential especially in theforthcoming years when the economic situation is expected to be

less favourable than before.


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Construction of Large-Scaled Bridge Projects in Recent Hong Kong

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