Construction Material Brick

8/10/2019 Construction Material Brick

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BRICKS

Compiled by : FD Architects Forum

Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment

Bhawani Singh RoadC-scheme , Jaipur -302001

Rajasthan ( INDIA)

Ph. 91-0141-2743536

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Construction Material : BRICK

Bricks was the first building material to be made by

man

There is deep satisfaction in constructing a building

from units scaled to a mans hand Bricks has been used consistently from Egyptians to

modern day American buildings


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Able to identify the type of bricks

Able to identify the process making brick

Able to identify the advantage anddisadvantage of using bricks

Able to identify the method to test the brick

Todays objectives:


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An Introduction : Bricks

Bricks can be categorized according to different use:

Load bearing wall

Non-Load bearing wall

Insulation wall

Covering wall

Selection of bricks based on their using.

Standard size of bricks is 9x 4 x 3

Its can made from clay, sand & lime, cement mortar.


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Bricks

Sand Lime Clay Mortar

Normal Engineering Face

Type of Bricks

Fly Ash


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Sand Lime Brick

These are made by using mix of lime and sand

that ratio is 1:8.

Brick will curing in autoclave in 8 hours

That curing will produced high compressive

strength and more hard brick.

These used for wall that will exposed in water

with higher compressive strength

Type of Bricks


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Sand Lime Brick

Type of Bricks


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Made with mix of cement, sand and water.

These use steel or wood mould to form it. Normally, the design do not produce a good

appearance and come out with rough surface.

Mortar Brick

Type of Bricks


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Mortar Brick

Type of Bricks


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Fly ash Brick

Type of Bricks


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Brick Masonry terms

Bonding - the method of laying masonry units in a wall in aregular pattern for strength & generally in such a way that

there are no continuous vertical joints in successive courses.

Type of brick bond :

1. Flemish Bond

2. English Bond

3. Stretcher bond


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Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in

every course. Each header is placed centrally between

the stretcher immediately above and below. This is not

as strong as the English bond at 1 brick thick

Flemish Bond


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Alternative courses of headers and stretchers; one header

placed centrally above each stretcher.This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick (or

thicker).

One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.

English Bond
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Easiest bond to lay & minimizes the amount of cutting

required

Originally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2

brick walls it became the obvious choice for cavity

walls as less cutting was required.

Stretcher Bond
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RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION

MAKING PROCESS

SETTING & DRYING

PACKAGING

FIRING

Brick Manufacturing Processes


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Gathering CrushingStorage

Screening Grinding

Pug mill

Raw Material Preparation



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The Making Process

Clay will grinded with 15% of water.

The clay will be pushed through the mould base

on the shape.

After that, clay will cut to get a standard size of

brick using wire.

Sometimes, bricks will produced using big mouldthat clay will be press that using hydraulic

machine (this method, clay will grind 10% of

water) or without hydraulic press (with 30% of water)

Extruder

Extruding

Clay in mold boxesDumping mold box

Slide extruded bricks

Reel cutter for

slicing brick

Molded bricks

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The Making Process



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Setting and Drying

After bricks in form,

indentation or perforation to

the bricks.

Wet unit bricks will be drying

in space or room with control

temperature to make sure the

bricks in complete dry.

Hand setting on kiln car Separating sliced Setting on kiln car

normal

perforationindentation

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Setting and Drying



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Setting and Drying



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Firing

Dry bricks, was compile in kiln to firing process with 600oC

(temperature).

The main stage of firing are:

100 oc evaporation of water

400 0c burning of carbon and sulfur

9001000 0c Strengthen the bricks

Maintaining control of the temperature is most important

Too rapid fireover burning the external layer

Too slowseriously impairs the strength and durability

Stronger brick such as Engineering Brick, are normally fired at higher

temperature



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Firing

Inside tunnel kiln Brick inside kiln Firing brick



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After exiting the kiln, the brick is allowed to cool prior to handling.

Proper sorting and packaging of the brick after burning is extremely

important.

Broken, twisted and otherwise mechanically defective brick are

discarded at this stage.

Brick color and range is carefully monitored to assure a quality

product.

Packaging



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Packaging

Brick awaiting packaging Manual Rechecking

Packaged cube of brick Inventory Packaging



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Fly ash bricks


Fly ash bricks manufacturing plant


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Advantages of Brick

* Brick will not burn, buckle or melt.

* Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade.

* Brick will not rust and corrode.

* Brick will not dent.

* Brick will not fade from the Sun's UV Rays.

* Brick will not be damaged by high winds, rain or hail.

* Brick will not require constant maintenance.

* Brick will not devalue.

* Brick will not limit your personal expression.* Brick will not limit your design options.


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Indian Standards (IS CODE) for bricksObjective To control quality of the brick

IS CODE Title1077:1992 Specification for common burnt clay building bricks (fifth revision)

2117:1991 Guide for manufacture of hand-

made-common burnt clay building

2180:1988bricks (third revision) Specification for heavy duty burnt clay

building bricks (third revision)

22221991Specification for burnt clay perforated building bricks (Fourth

Revision)

26911988 Specification for burnt clay facing bricks (second revision)

3495(Parts 1 to4)

:1992Methods of test of burnt clay building bricks (third revision)

3583:1988 Specification for burnt clay paving bricks (second revision)

4885:1988 Specification for sewer bricks first revision

5454:1978 Methods for sampling of clay building bricks

5779:1986 Specification for burnt clay soling bricks (first revision)


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Brick work

Brickarrangement inbrick work


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Brick Work Brickarrangement inbrick work


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Brick Work

Brickarrangement inbrick work


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Brick Test

Six Brick Test

Compressive Strength Test

Water Absorption Test

Efflorescence Test

Initial Rate of Absorption Test

Moisture Expansion Test

Salt attack resistance Test


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Compressive Strength Test

Fairly obviously, this is the ability of the masonry unit (brick or

block) to resist crushing loads, eg the weight of the roof that

the wall is supporting, plus the weight of the wall itself. The

designer of the structure needs to be sure that the masonry

unit will be able to carry the load being placed upon it,

including any live loads.

The bricks, when tested in accordance with the procedure laid

down in IS 3495 (Part 1) : 1992 shall have a minimum

average compressive strength for various classes as given

in TABLE


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Water Absorption Test

A standard soaking-in-water test can determine theporosity of bricks, which can then be used as an

indication of the potential for the development of

problems related to the penetration of salts and

other materials into the units, such as salt attackand efflorescence.

The bricks, when tested in accordance with the

procedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part 2) : 1992

after immersion in cold water for 24 hours,water absorption shall not be more than 20 %

by weight up to class 12.5

and 15 % by weight for higher classes.


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Efflorescence Test

Efflorescence is a deposit of salts, usually white,on the surface of bricks and blocks after being

laid. The salts usually come from ground water or

out of the mortar, but may come from within the

masonry units themselves. This test predicts the likelihood that the units will

display such unsightly deposits from salts that

they already contain.

The bricks when tested in accordance with theprocedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part 3 ) : 1992

Standard Mark. the rating of efflorescence shall

not be more than moderate up to class 12.5 and

slight for higher classes


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Short Quizzes

1. How many type of bricks? And briefly explain each ofthem.

2. How many processes involved in manufacture bricks.

3. Give 3 advantages of brick.


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