EARTHWORKSThe moving or processing a parts of earth surface involving quantity of soil or unformed rock.

EARTHWORK MACHINERY

EXCAVATION EQUIPMENTS

Bull Dozer (earth clearing equipment)

• Best for shallow excavation work• Can hauling the earth for

relatively short distances• Versatile machine for many

construction projects• Used for clearing site• Opening up pilot roads• Moving earth for short haul

distances of about 100m• For spreading & excavation of

earth• Several other jobs

Scraper(earth moving equipment)

• Self-operating• Can dig, haul & discharge

the material in uniformly thick layer

• Can also haul the earth for long distance up to 1500m

• Struck Capacity of scraper is ideal for highway works

• Not capable of digging very stiff material

• Can also combined with dozer

Power Shovel(earth excavating equipment)

• Excavate earth of all classes except rocks

• Effectively operate from lower level where it stands & when the depth of the face to be excavating is not too shallow.

Dragline(soft earth excavating equipment)

• Used to excavating soft earth & to deposit earth in nearby banks or to load into wagons.

• Can operate on natural ground while excavating from a pit with the bucket; not necessarily to go into the pit (as in case of power shovel)

Clam shell(excavating equipment-except for stiff earth)

• Buckets of two halves or shells

• May be attached to shovel or a drag line

• Open calm-shell bucket is thrown on the top of the loose material to be dug as bucket is lifted, the two halves close entrapping the material in to the bucket

Hoe(stiff excavating equipment)

• Excavating equipment of power shovel family

• Capable of having precise control of depth

• Can exert high tooth pressures

• Excavate below the natural surface where machine is stationed

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