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CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN IRELAND

Presentation to Engineers Ireland (Cork Region)

Warren PhelanBEng MEngSc CEng MIEI CIWM Lean (Green Belt)

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Market Context

• Strong Market conditions

• 10% growth forecast for the construction sector for 2020

• Outlook beyond remains positive

• Importance of infrastructure for economic and population growth

• 60% of respondents consider addressing climate change critical to their business

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Project 2040 and National Development Plan 2018-2027

€116 billion of investment to transform Ireland’s infrastructure including:

• Housing (30,000 new homes annually)

• Major Public transportation projects

• Significant expansion of inter-urban motorway schemes

• Airport and Port developments

• Third level and school expansion programmes

• Healthcare – new hospitals, primary care centres, expansion of existing facilities

• Irish Water investment programme

• Flood mitigation projects

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Rethinking Our Approach to Construction

• 62% of global climate emissions are being generated from the extraction, processing and manufacturing of goods and materials

• Construction and maintenance of the built environment consumes 50% of all materials entering the economy and generates 20% of greenhouse gas emissions

Existing Profile and Future Outlook

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CDW 2004 - 2018

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2.71.9

2.9

4.2

3

1.3 0.95 1 0.9 0.88 0.91.6

1.1 0.9 1.3

7.7

12.6

13.9

13.6

10.5

3.7

2.5 2 2.3 2.022.9

3.5 4.33.8

4.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Co

nstr

ucti

on

an

d D

em

oliti

on

Waste

Man

ag

em

en

t M

illio

n T

on

nes

Soil & Stone (ROI)

Other CDW (ROI)

17.8m

2.9m

5.6m

CDW Generation Recent Profile

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1 0.9 0.88 0.9

1.6

1.10.9

1.3

2 2.32.02

2.9

3.54.3

3.8

4.3

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Other CDW (ROI) Soil & Stone (ROI)Unit = million tonnes

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PredictedMarket Growth

4,749,400

5,600,000

6,048,000

6,410,8806,571,000

6,933,000

7,314,000

7,716,000

8,141,000

8,588,000

9,061,000

9,559,000

3,827,100

4,368,000

4,717,000

5,000,000 5,125,000

5,407,0005,705,000

6,019,000

6,350,0006,699,000

7,067,000

7,456,000

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

Total CDW Soil Waste

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CDW Fractions2018 & 2028

840,000

392,000

655,200

43,680

3,669,120

1,433,838

669,124

1,118,393

149,119

6,188,443

Other CDW(excl 170101 and Soil

Wastes) (15%)

Concrete (170101)(7%)

Non-Haz, non-inert(15% of Soil Wastes)

Haz(1% of Soil Wastes)

Non-Haz, Inert(84% of Soil Wastes)

2018 2028

Byproducts Soil & Stone (Notified)

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512,000

906,000

1,200,000

4,273,000

2015 2016 2017 2018

Byproducts Concrete Notified

3,000

15,000

3,000

36,000

2015 2016 2017 2018

• asd

Key Points

• CDW is growing strongly

• Soil waste is the largest component by weight of CDW

• Impact of byproducts on future tonnage is uncertain

• Continued growth is anticipated (short-medium term)

• Project Ireland 2040 will remain a strong driver for infrastructural developments

• Data needs regular recording and analysis

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Market Capacity

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CDW CompositionBituminous mixtures, 1%

Concrete, bricks, tiles and similar, 7%

Metals, 4%

Mixed C&D waste, 8%

Segragated wood, glass and plastic,

<1%

Soil and stone, 81%

EPA Data from collected waste

71% recovery of CDW is reported for 2017

(excluding soil)

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Options for managing CDW

• Recycling - indigenous reprocessing facilities (construction waste into new products)

• Processing (screening, sorting, transfer) - Waste processing Facilities

• Disposal - Inert landfills (clay lined); Municipal landfills (geotextile lined)

• Backfilling, land restoration - Soil recovery facilities

• Exports (contaminated materials, metals etc)

• Other construction sites (byproduct option)

Landfills

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Limited Disposal Options

• Inert Landfills – 2 operational (Walshestown and IMS)

• Accept non-hazardous non inert material (waste from brownfield sites)

• Both in the Eastern Midlands Region

• Municipal Landfills – 3 operational

• Drehid (Kildare)

• Ballynagran (Wicklow)

• Knockharley (Meath)

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Soil Recovery Capacity

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Facility Types

• Licensed - large scale facilities, Approved an Enforced by EPA, long term

• Permitted – medium scale facilities, authorised and enforced by local authorities, short-term, max lifetime capacity 200,000tonnes (6 year lifetime)

• Registered – small scale facilities; authorised and enforced by local authorities; serve local small scale projects; max lifetime capacity 25,000 tonnes

• ALL ARE UNLINED

Soil Recovery Capacity

• Most significant capacity is in EMR

• New capacity expected to come on stream in Kildare, Meathand Wicklow

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Active Capacity Authorised Capacity

• Imbalance in capacity across the region

• No active licensed capacity in the South West

• Overly reliant on permitted and registered facilities

• Two new authorised facilities in Cork; not yet active

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Active Capacity Authorised Capacity

• 1 operational facility

• Overly reliant on permitted and registered facilities

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Active Capacity in CUR

• Imbalance nationally

• Concentration of capacity around the GDA

• Major regional urban centres poorly served

• Need for long-term stable capacity to support infrastructure development

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National Capacity

Indigenous Recycling

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24AECI Sustainability Committee

Case Study – Gyproc

Key Points

• Soil recovery capacity is well developed in GDA

• Regional imbalance in long-term capacities

• Lack of inert facilities to accept non-haz non inert wastes

• Cork overly reliant on transient facilities for soil wastes

• Indigenous recycling (wood, gypsum)

• Export (metal, plastics etc)

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Sector Developments

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Contents

• End of Waste

• Byproducts

• Waste Acceptance Criteria

• Good Practise Guidelines

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End of Waste

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End of Waste (Article 28 Waste Directive Regs 2011)

• In simple terms the point at which a material is no longer a waste instead a product

• Material must undergo processing (at an authorised waste facility) and comply with specific criteria agreed with the EPA

• The criteria must comply with the following conditions:

a. the substance is commonly used for specific purposes;

b. a market or demand exists for such a substance;

c. the substance fulfils the technical requirements for the specific purposes and meets the existing legislation and standards applicable to products; and

d. the use of the substance will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts.

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End of Waste for Recycled Aggregates

IMS

• Inputs - Clean non-hazardous concrete waste

• Quality Assurance must comply with IS EN 13242 (SR 21)

• Min Level 2+ Attestation (Construction Product Regulations)

• Substantial record keeping requirements

• Appropriate sampling and testing

• Uses are restricted to roadway construction..

• Unbound – sub-base, capping, general fill & pipe bedding

• Bound – hydraulically bound apps such as concrete or asphalt

PANDA WASTE

• Inputs – non-hazardous Construction and Demolition Wastes

• Concrete, brick, tiles, soil/stone, mixed CDW wastes

• Contaminants post processing <1%

• Quality Assurance must comply with IS EN 13242 (SR 21)

• Use is restricted to the construction of temporary haul roads at the Boliden Tara Mines Tailing Management Facility

• Unbound and bound applications (as per IMS decision)

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End of Waste (Article 28 Waste Directive Regs 2011)

QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSYEM

By-Product

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By-Product: Soil & Stones

Regulation 27(1) of SI No. 126 of 2011 European Communities (Waste Directive) Regulations 2011, states:

“A substance or object, resulting from a production process, the primary aim of which is not the production of that item, may be regarded as not being waste but as being a by-product only if the following conditions are met:

(a) further use of the substance or object is certain;

(b) The substance or object can be used directly without any further processing other than normal industrial practice

(c) The substance or object is produced as an integral part of a production process; and

(d) Further use is lawful, i.e. the substance or object fulfils all relevant product, environmental and health protection requirements for the specific use and will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts.”

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By-Product: Soil & Stones

Was the material deliberately produced?

Is use certain?

Can the material be used directly? (excludes normal

industrial practice)

Is the material produced as an integral part of the production process?

Is further use lawful?

Material is

a Waste

NO

NO

NO

NO

Material is non-waste

by-productYES

Material is a productYES

• Material Producer decides that a material is a by-product;

• Notifications will be decided on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the

factual circumstances.

• Either:

(a) the EPA determine that it is a by-product (based on the information

received or as part of a consultation process); or

(b) the EPA determine it is a waste following a consultation process.

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By-Product: Soil & Stones

EPA advisory period of 10 weeks to make a determination.

If consultation undertaken, there is no timeframe.

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By-Product: Soil & Stones

• Ensure you address the four criteria:

(a) further use is certain;

(b) No further processing required other than normal industrial practice

(c) Produced as an integral part of a production process; and

(d) Further use is lawful.

• Soil & Stone declarations (EPA templates available)

• Evidence of contracts.

• Evidence of appropriate planning permission for destination site.

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Article 27

An article 27 notification:

• Indicates an intention to do something with something that you intend to produce.

• Cannot be retrospective – it cannot relate to something already done with something

already produced.

• Cannot be a response to an enforcement action by a regulatory authority or made in

response to allegations or suspicion of unauthorised waste activity.

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By-Product: Soil & Stones

The EPA expects that the management of excess uncontaminated soil and stone (whether a by-product or a waste) will be commenced at the earliest opportunity, i.e.:

• At the planning stage for projects; or, at the latest,

• Prior to commencement of the development.

Management of the material should be set out in the Construction Waste Management Plan.

Waste Acceptance Criteria

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Waste Acceptance Criteria

• New trigger limits for soil parameters introduced @ licensed, permitted and registered facilities

• 7 new geological regions each with specific soil parameters will be introduced

• New Limits will be set based on the existing background levels (GSI database)

• Waste accepted will be tested for compliance

• Planned changes will impact on existing facilities:

• Existing Waste in the ground exempt

• Operators will need to agree new trigger limits for acceptance of waste

• Materials from existing or planned customers may not be acceptable

• Greenfield material doesn’t need to be tested

• Enforcement key

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Other Developments..

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Types of Facilities

• New Guidance on the Siting of Waste Management Facilities…

• Review and Update of the Best Practise Guidelines on the Preparation of Waste Management Plans for Construction and Demolition Projects

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Future Path of Direction

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Targets

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• Sustainable management and

use of natural recourses

• Substantially reduce waste

generation

• Encourage the companies to

adopt sustainable practices and

sustainability reporting

• Promote sustainable public

procurement

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What’s the current situation?

• CDW is the largest waste stream in European

• High levels of low grade (basic) recovery

• Lack of closed loop recycling

• High levels of backfilling

• Significant potential for the sector to move from linear

to circular models

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Rethinking our Construction Resources

• Better management of our resources

• Prevention instead of management

• Circular management instead of linear

• Less pressure on land and facilities to treat construction wastes

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Future Actions

• Sustainable circular thinking needs to cut across all phases of project development

• Thinking long-term

• Client in key influencer

• Setting sustainability framework and targets

• Role of green public procurement

• Significant lever to deliver sustainable outcomes in the construction phase

• Designers need to think about the lifetime of the asset to include demolition

• Understanding selective demolition practises

• Designing for disassembly

50ACEI Sustainability Committee

Article 27

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Future Actions

• Incentives to support use of secondary materials and recycled materials

• Levies, green taxes

• Standards for secondary raw materials and products/materials with recycled content

• Address concerns over quality

• End of waste criteria

• Use of BIM to log and track materials in the building including composition, refurbishment

and repair data

• Future demolition projects will provide source materials for new developments

• Increased off-site and prefabrication of structure will help to optimise material use and

minimise waste

END

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