Constructed Wetlands Treatment of an Automotive Bedliner Manufacturer’s Wastewater
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Transcript of Constructed Wetlands Treatment of an Automotive Bedliner Manufacturer’s Wastewater
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Constructed Wetlands Treatment of an Automotive Bedliner Manufacturers Wastewater Art Kuljian, P.E., BCEE, Kevin Olmstead, Ph.D., P.E., Tammy Rabideau, CPG, Jamie MeikleWEFTEC 2009 October 14, 2009
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OutlineBackgroundTimelineConstruction and StartupSystem DescriptionTreatment Cells and LagoonsWetland PlantingsTertiary FiltrationSystem PerformanceSystem ObservationsSummary
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BackgroundTruck bedliner manufacturing operation in Lapeer, MichiganMixed sanitary and process wastewater from plastic extrusion and thermoforming operationsPrevious unlined lagoon system ineffectiveRestrictive groundwater discharge limitsSwitched to wetland wastewater treatment First-in-the-State in Michigan for an industrial application
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Constructed Wetlands AdvantagesPassive, self-regenerative treatment process, given proper harvesting of dominant plantsLow environmental impactLittle need for operator attentionLarge buffering capacity to accommodate system variancesHabitats for wetland speciesShort implementation schedule
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TimelineCharacterization June 1999Pilot Study August 1999Design/Build Proposal January 2000Begin Construction April 2000System Startup August 2000 Phase 2 Expansion April 2006Phase 2 Commissioning October 2006In continuous operation since November 2000
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Relative Removals During Pilot Testing
Chart10
95
90
96
90
Mass Removal (%)
90
BOD
1
Effluent BOD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 2: BOD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
TSS
1
Effluent TSS
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 3: TSS Performance of MBR system with oily waste
NH3-N
1
Effluent NH3-N
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 4: NH3-N Performance of MBR system with oily waste
O&G
1
Effluent Oil & Grease
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 5: Oil & Grease Performance of MBR system with oily waste
COD
69.7
64.6
64
40.75
57.25
63.25
57.75
45.2
37087
78.5
37148
37178
108
101
34
53
53
41
50
36
31
54
Effluent COD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 6: COD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
Sheet1
DateFlow (gpd)HRTBODTSSNH3-NPCODCODBTEXBTEXPNHPNHCdCdCrCrCuCuPbPbHgHgNiNiZnZn
RepRepRep0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
130030.20.01040.12740.03560.00430.00270.050.504
Nov-00403021500.1569.7N/AN/A0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
Dec-0092070.464.6N/AN/A
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Construction and StartupWetland comprised of over 27,000 native plantsInstalled over 160,000 ft2 PVC liner and earth bedSeeded startup with activated sludge from POTWTemporary winter storage of wastewater in HDPE lined lagoons underlain with bentonite-sand layerFinal polishing in 150 ft2 tertiary sand filter buildingUV disinfection prior to surface water discharge
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System Description20,000 gallon/day (gpd) design flow rate, 90 day HRT4 acre lined wetland treatment system - 2 winter storage lagoons (900,000 gal.each) - 2 primary cells (0.6 acre capacity) - secondary treatment cell (2.5 acre capacity) - tertiary treatment cell (0.9 acre capacity)Continuous downflow sand filter rated at 5 gpm/ft2Disinfection w/ultraviolet (UV) radiationFlow monitoring structure and discharge to Plum Creek
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Process Flow Diagram
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PlantingsPrimary Cells
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Plantings---Secondary Cells
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System PerformanceSignificant treatment occurs in the primary cells: - BOD and TSS are reduced ~ 60% to 70% - NH3-N is reduced ~ 85% to 95% - Total P is reduced ~ 60% to 70%Flowthrough, facultative treatment occurs in the primary cells, with an HRT of ~ 12 daysVegetative growth in the secondary and tertiary cells results in mass removals for all target parameters of 90% to 95%
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System Removal Performance
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Effluent BOD
Chart11
2500
254025
2
9
36906
39
36967
8
1
1
37087
2
3
2
3
2
19
19
25
6
4
37418
37448
37478
37508
37538
4
28
10
37658
35
6
37748
37778
37808
37838
37868
6
6
12
18
18
11
9
8
8
38182
38212
38242
15
2
15
20
27
25
18
38482
38512
38542
38572
38602
38632
38662
38692
38722
38752
38782
38812
38842
38872
38902
38932
38962
4
2
3
6.4
5.25
2.8
39187
4.12
39247
39277
39307
39337
39367
7.1
4.1
2.1
39487
39517
39547
39577
39607
39637
39667
39697
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.5
39847
39877
39907
39937
3.3746153846
1.5
7.1
Monthly Average BOD
BOD Ave Limit
BOD (mg/l)
End AlumAddition
BOD
1
Effluent BOD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 2: BOD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
TSS
1
Effluent TSS
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 3: TSS Performance of MBR system with oily waste
NH3-N
1
Effluent NH3-N
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 4: NH3-N Performance of MBR system with oily waste
O&G
1
Effluent Oil & Grease
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 5: Oil & Grease Performance of MBR system with oily waste
COD
69.7
64.6
64
40.75
57.25
63.25
57.75
45.2
37087
78.5
37148
37178
108
101
34
53
53
41
50
36
31
54
Effluent COD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 6: COD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
Sheet1
DateFlow (gpd)HRTBODTSSNH3-NPCODCODBTEXBTEXPNHPNHCdCdCrCrCuCuPbPbHgHgNiNiZnZn
RepRepRep0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
130030.20.01040.12740.03560.00430.00270.050.504
Nov-00403021500.1569.7N/AN/A0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
Dec-0092070.464.6N/AN/A
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Effluent TSS
Chart2
3000
304530
15
20
36906
31
36967
11
9
10
37087
20
13
9
11
8
31
29
39
15
8
37418
37448
37478
37508
37538
20
35
30
37658
36
13
37748
37778
37808
37838
37868
20
18
27
28
29
29
34
15
23
38182
38212
38242
36
36
32
42
42
44
33
38482
38512
38542
38572
38602
38632
38662
38692
38722
38752
38782
38812
38842
38872
38902
38932
38962
20
15
7
11.5
7.67
4
39187
7
39247
39277
39307
39337
39367
15.7
8.8
12.7
39487
39517
39547
39577
39607
39637
39667
39697
11.7
7.1
9.8
5.2
39847
39877
39907
39937
9.4746153846
4
20
Monthly Average TSS
TSS Ave Limit
TSS (mg/l)
End AlumAddition
BOD
1
Effluent BOD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 2: BOD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
TSS
1
Effluent TSS
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 3: TSS Performance of MBR system with oily waste
NH3-N
1
Effluent NH3-N
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 4: NH3-N Performance of MBR system with oily waste
O&G
1
Effluent Oil & Grease
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 5: Oil & Grease Performance of MBR system with oily waste
COD
69.7
64.6
64
40.75
57.25
63.25
57.75
45.2
37087
78.5
37148
37178
108
101
34
53
53
41
50
36
31
54
Effluent COD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 6: COD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
Sheet1
DateFlow (gpd)HRTBODTSSNH3-NPCODCODBTEXBTEXPNHPNHCdCdCrCrCuCuPbPbHgHgNiNiZnZn
RepRepRep0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
130030.20.01040.12740.03560.00430.00270.050.504
Nov-00403021500.1569.7N/AN/A0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
Dec-0092070.464.6N/AN/A
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Effluent NH3-N
Chart5
99999999090
9999999925920
0
7
36906
20
36967
0
0
0
37087
0
0
2
4.5
4
5
2.5
2
1
0.5
37418
37448
37478
37508
37538
4.5
13
13
37658
27
7.5
37748
37778
37808
37838
37868
2
2.5
4
8
15.5
17
2.5
3
2.5
38182
38212
38242
2
3
4.5
8.5
7.5
12
2.5
38482
38512
38542
38572
38602
38632
38662
38692
38722
38752
38782
38812
38842
38872
38902
38932
38962
0.3
1
0.95
1.08
0.588
0.22
39187
0.14
39247
39277
39307
39337
39367
0.48
0.7
2
39487
39517
39547
39577
39607
39637
39667
39697
0.25
0.5
0.5
0.3
39847
39877
39907
39937
0.6698461538
0.14
2
NH3-N Ave Daily Max
Daily Max Limit (May-Sept only)
NH3-N (mg/l)
End AlumAddition
BOD
1
Effluent BOD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 2: BOD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
TSS
1
Effluent TSS
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 3: TSS Performance of MBR system with oily waste
NH3-N
1
Effluent NH3-N
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 4: NH3-N Performance of MBR system with oily waste
O&G
1
Effluent Oil & Grease
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 5: Oil & Grease Performance of MBR system with oily waste
COD
69.7
64.6
64
40.75
57.25
63.25
57.75
45.2
37087
78.5
37148
37178
108
101
34
53
53
41
50
36
31
54
Effluent COD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 6: COD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
Sheet1
DateFlow (gpd)HRTBODTSSNH3-NPCODCODBTEXBTEXPNHPNHCdCdCrCrCuCuPbPbHgHgNiNiZnZn
RepRepRep0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
130030.20.01040.12740.03560.00430.00270.050.504
Nov-00403021500.1569.7N/AN/A0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
Dec-0092070.464.6N/AN/A
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Effluent P
Chart9
0.500
0.543
0.15
0.4
36906
2.6
36967
0.1
0.1
0.1
37087
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.45
37418
37448
37478
37508
37538
0.8
2.5
3
37658
4
0.75
37748
37778
37808
37838
37868
0.5
0.6
0.75
1.9
3.3
1.6
0.8
0.9
0.75
38182
38212
38242
0.75
0.5
0.5
1.4
2.2
3.5
0.9
38482
38512
38542
38572
38602
38632
38662
38692
38722
38752
38782
38812
38842
38872
38902
38932
38962
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.36
0.16
0.1
39187
0.25
39247
39277
39307
39337
39367
0.23
0.4
0.4
39487
39517
39547
39577
39607
39637
39667
39697
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.1
39847
39877
39907
39937
0.2923076923
0.1
0.5
Monthly Average P
P Ave Limit
P (mg/l)
Installation of Sand Filter
End AlumAddition
BOD
1
Effluent BOD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 2: BOD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
TSS
1
Effluent TSS
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 3: TSS Performance of MBR system with oily waste
NH3-N
1
Effluent NH3-N
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 4: NH3-N Performance of MBR system with oily waste
O&G
1
Effluent Oil & Grease
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 5: Oil & Grease Performance of MBR system with oily waste
COD
69.7
64.6
64
40.75
57.25
63.25
57.75
45.2
37087
78.5
37148
37178
108
101
34
53
53
41
50
36
31
54
Effluent COD
Concentration (mg/L)
Figure 6: COD Performance of MBR system with oily waste
Sheet1
DateFlow (gpd)HRTBODTSSNH3-NPCODCODBTEXBTEXPNHPNHCdCdCrCrCuCuPbPbHgHgNiNiZnZn
RepRepRep0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
130030.20.01040.12740.03560.00430.00270.050.504
Nov-00403021500.1569.7N/AN/A0.020.420.10.140.00130.588.3
Dec-0092070.464.6N/AN/A
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Original Site
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Lagoon Preparation
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Cell Preparation
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Sand-Bentonite Underlayer
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Lagoon Liner Installation
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Treatment Cell Liner Installation
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Flow Distribution Berm Construction
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Initial Planting
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Water Plantains and Bulrushes in Secondary Cell
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Acclimated Plantings
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Winter Storage Lagoon
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Artistic Shot of Storage Lagoon
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Secondary Cell
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Yours Truly on the Berm
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Tertiary Cell with Water Depth Gauge
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Tertiary Cell
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Final Treatment Building
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Volcano ContinuousDownflow Sand Filter
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UV Disinfection and Flow Monitoring
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Toad on Top of Things at the UV Chamber
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Performance Summary95% removal of BOD5, TSS, NH3-N and P is achievableEffluent NH3-N of 0.5 mg/L and P of 0.2 mg/LPrimary cells provide equalization and treatment prior to discharge to secondary and tertiary cellsEffluent BOD5 has averaged 3 mg/L and TSS has averaged 5 mg/L since installation of the sand filter
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Lessons LearnedEnsure C:N:P ratio of 100:5:1 is available in wastewater feedMaintain wetland water temperature >50F (10C); otherwise, winter storage may be neededBackwash of sand filter at 2% to 5% of flow aids insoluble nutrient removalPeriodic lamp cleaning via citric acid and/or sodium hypochlorite every 2 to 3 monthsAnnual harvesting of dominant plants (e.g., cattails) helps ensure variation and quantities of all speciesHarvest duckweed before winter die-off to keep total P inventory in check
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Contractor/Supplier AcknowledgementsMs. Joanne Michael, Southern Tier Consulting West Clarksville, NYMr. Dave Bury, North American Lining Services Kalkaska, MIMr. Mark Fisher, Lighthouse Filters Dahlonega, GAMr. Todd Desloover, Debarr Construction Greenwood, MIMr. H. Blair Selover, Tetra Tech Ann Arbor, MI
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Questions?
**This is the wastewater storage lagoon (lined)