Constraints on Constraints on Material, Size and Material, Size and

Abundance of Abundance of Interplanetary Dust Interplanetary Dust

from the WMAP Datafrom the WMAP DataValeri DikarevValeri Dikarev1,2,41,2,4, Oliver Preuß, Oliver Preuß11

Sami SolankiSami Solanki11

Harald KrügerHarald Krüger1,21,2, Alexander Krivov, Alexander Krivov33

11Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany22Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany

33Astrophysical Institute of Friedrich Schiller University in Astrophysical Institute of Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, GermanyJena, Germany

44Astronomical Institute of St. Petersburg University, RussiaAstronomical Institute of St. Petersburg University, Russia

The CMB FluctuationsThe CMB FluctuationsThe CMB FluctuationsThe CMB Fluctuations

http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/

WMAP is the most recent and WMAP is the most recent and accurate CMB mapping missionaccurate CMB mapping mission

Analysis of the CMB Analysis of the CMB FluctuationsFluctuations

E.g. expansions into multipole seriesE.g. expansions into multipole series The multipoles: Gaussian random The multipoles: Gaussian random

with predicted power (standard with predicted power (standard inflationary cosmology)inflationary cosmology)

Analysis of the CMB Analysis of the CMB FluctuationsFluctuations

E.g. expansions into multipole seriesE.g. expansions into multipole series The multipoles: Gaussian random The multipoles: Gaussian random

with predicted power (standard with predicted power (standard inflationary cosmology)inflationary cosmology)

The QuadrupoleThe Quadrupole(Ecliptic Coordinates)(Ecliptic Coordinates)

The OctopoleThe Octopole(Ecliptic Coordinates)(Ecliptic Coordinates)

Some Bias Unaccounted?Some Bias Unaccounted?

Although potentially pointing to unknown Although potentially pointing to unknown physics of the early Universe, the anomalies physics of the early Universe, the anomalies may also be due to an unknown may also be due to an unknown measurement biasmeasurement bias

A dark dust cloud in the vicinity of the Solar A dark dust cloud in the vicinity of the Solar system was proposed (e.g. Schwarz et al., system was proposed (e.g. Schwarz et al., Frisch)Frisch)

We have investigated the properties of We have investigated the properties of the hypothetical cloud using constraints the hypothetical cloud using constraints from WMAP as well as from non-from WMAP as well as from non-detection in IRdetection in IR

The Cloud in the The Cloud in the MicrowavesMicrowaves

WMAP was equipped with five radiometers WMAP was equipped with five radiometers operating at the wavelengths from 3 to 14 operating at the wavelengths from 3 to 14 mmmm

Several independent methods were Several independent methods were developed to remove foreground emissiondeveloped to remove foreground emission The WMAP team (Bennett et al.) uses maps of The WMAP team (Bennett et al.) uses maps of

foregrounds obtained also by other instruments, foregrounds obtained also by other instruments, e.g. Galactic dust template (Finkbeiner et al.) e.g. Galactic dust template (Finkbeiner et al.)

ILC techniques (e.g. Tegmark et al.) are adaptive ILC techniques (e.g. Tegmark et al.) are adaptive and do not use a-priori information about and do not use a-priori information about foregrounds, aim to remove everything with non-foregrounds, aim to remove everything with non-CMB spectrumCMB spectrum

Their results are highly compatibleTheir results are highly compatible If there is an unknown cloud in the Solar If there is an unknown cloud in the Solar

system it has to have a CMB spectrumsystem it has to have a CMB spectrum

The Cloud in the The Cloud in the Microwaves 2Microwaves 2

SILICATE >~10 mmCARBON >~1 mmNO IRONNO ICE

Above ~5 Above ~5 mm, both mm, both CMB and CMB and dust are dust are blackbodies blackbodies in Rayleigh-in Rayleigh-Jeans regime. Jeans regime. We only need We only need the emissivity the emissivity of dust to be of dust to be flat.flat.

Diffuse Night Sky 1997Diffuse Night Sky 1997

The Cloud in the Infrared The Cloud in the Infrared LightLight

IPD: Interplanetary Dust (Gruen et al . 1985; 10-100 IPD: Interplanetary Dust (Gruen et al . 1985; 10-100 μμm)m) Cloud: Macroscopic particles, i.e. flat emissivity throughout Cloud: Macroscopic particles, i.e. flat emissivity throughout λλ

rangerange

Why Do We Have to Why Do We Have to Worry?Worry?

The 1997 night sky reference extrapolates The 1997 night sky reference extrapolates emission by interplanetary dust roughly in emission by interplanetary dust roughly in accord with the Gruen et al. (1985) model based accord with the Gruen et al. (1985) model based mostly on the data from the vicinity of Earthmostly on the data from the vicinity of Earth

Most Meteor Streams are Most Meteor Streams are Outside 1AUOutside 1AU

Hughes & McBride (1990): there is a lot more Hughes & McBride (1990): there is a lot more big dust grains outside 1 AU than we see near big dust grains outside 1 AU than we see near EarthEarth

Comet 1P/Halley

All Short-Period Comets

So This Cloud Can BeSo This Cloud Can Be More likely distant than nearbyMore likely distant than nearby More likely carbonaceous than silicate, iron or More likely carbonaceous than silicate, iron or

iceice The extra temperature no more than ~30 The extra temperature no more than ~30 μμKK Meteoroid streams may provide ~7.5 Meteoroid streams may provide ~7.5 μμK (K (ττ~3 ~3

1010-7-7)) This is below WMAP’s pixel sensitivity of 20 This is below WMAP’s pixel sensitivity of 20 μμKK However, if the cloud is extended it may have However, if the cloud is extended it may have

affected some multipoles in a detectable wayaffected some multipoles in a detectable way Unlikely the reason of the WMAP anomalies Unlikely the reason of the WMAP anomalies

that had triggered this studythat had triggered this study Worthwhile to look for, for both dust and Worthwhile to look for, for both dust and

cosmology communitiescosmology communities

What the Cloud Can Look What the Cloud Can Look LikeLike

μμKK

Meteoroid streams from short-period Meteoroid streams from short-period comets through WMAP’s sky-scanning comets through WMAP’s sky-scanning patternpattern