CONSTRAINTS FACED BY NEWLY

INDEPENDENT STATES.

is the undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories.

Political constraints. Colonial rule used authoritarian system of government &

Africans were denied chances to make political decisions.

Colonials did not equip Africans with the basic skills for democratic multi-party rule- led to adoption of dictatorship and one party state.

Corruption amongst the members of the government.

Ethnic conflict in order to rule the rule the country..e.g Rwanda.

Was difficult to administer the country successfully due to low level of literacy, poor infrastructure and communication was difficult.

Citizens interested in their basic needs than national issues.

Economic constraints. Economic challenges can be attributed to both the colonial

legacy, corruption and mismanagement by the new government.

E.g accumulation of wealth for individual by leaders.

E.g inherited the economic structures created by the colonial powers.

Many states relied on a single export product.

E.g Zambia copper, oil Nigeria and cotton in Egypt.

Lack of experience to administer of major industries, technology and materials to be imported.

Adopted a policy of a nationalization but lacked knowledge to develop industries and companies.

Social constraints.

Many ethnic groups caused a lot of trouble in the newly independent African states in a sense that they were not united as a nation.

However president Nyerere managed to united the Tanzanians by making Swahili the official language.

Collapse of health care services ,education and lack of provision of the basic needs resulted in poor living conditions, more especially in Congo under the leadership .

Mortality rate increased and the life expectancy decreased,