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Constitutional Struggles ofConstitutional Struggles ofthe Seventeenth Centurythe Seventeenth Century
Absolute Monarchy & Limited MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy
History 103History 103The West and the WorldThe West and the World
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FOCUS QUESTIONSFOCUS QUESTIONS What was absolutism in theory, and how did What was absolutism in theory, and how did
its actual practice in France reflect or differ its actual practice in France reflect or differ from the theory?from the theory?
What were the main issues in the struggle What were the main issues in the struggle between kind and Parliament in between kind and Parliament in seventeenth-century England, and how were seventeenth-century England, and how were they resolved?they resolved?
What theories of government were proposed What theories of government were proposed by Jacques Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and by Jacques Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, and how did their respective John Locke, and how did their respective theories reflect concerns and problems of theories reflect concerns and problems of the seventeenth century?the seventeenth century?
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French Wars of Religion,1562-French Wars of Religion,1562-15981598
Catholic vs HuguenotCatholic vs Huguenot Major Families – Valois, Guise, BourbonMajor Families – Valois, Guise, Bourbon Henry II (1547-1559) Valois DynastyHenry II (1547-1559) Valois Dynasty
– Francis II (1559-1560)Francis II (1559-1560)– Charles IX (1560-1574)Charles IX (1560-1574)– Henry III (1574-1589)Henry III (1574-1589)
Henry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon DynastyHenry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon Dynasty Edict of Nantes, 1598Edict of Nantes, 1598
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Catherine de' Medici1519-1589
Power Behind the Throne DuringThe French Wars of Religion
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St. Bartholomew’s Day St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, August 23, 1572Massacre, August 23, 1572
Religious ViolenceReligious Violence The Importance of the State in Catholic RevivalThe Importance of the State in Catholic Revival
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Henry IV of France1589-1610
As Duc of Navarre he was the Leader of the Huguenots. Established the Bourbon Dynasty in France
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Philip II1556-1598
King of Spain and Ruler of theNetherlands and the SpanishColonial Empire
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United Provinces, Spanish United Provinces, Spanish NetherlandsNetherlands
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Duke of AlbaEnters Netherlands in 1567
William of OrangeLeads Rebellion in 1568
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The Spanish Armanda, 1588
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The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War
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Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648
Four Major Phases:
• Bohemian Phase – 1618-1625
• Danish Phase – 1625-1629
• Swedish Phase – 1630-1635
• French Phase – 1636-1648
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Ferdinand II1583-1637
Holy Roman Emperor1619-1637
Trained by Jesuits and Strong Counter Reformation Advocate
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Defenestration at Prague, 1618
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Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1596-1632
“The Winter King”
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The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War
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Christian IV of Denmark1577-1648
Danish Phase1625-1629
Lutheran King
Supports ProtestantCause
Defeated in Battle ofLutter am Barenberge,
1626
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Defeats Tilly at Breitenfeld1630
Destruction of Magdeburg1631
Victory at Lutzen1632
Killed in Battle at Lutzen
Swedish Phase, 1630-1635
Gustavus II Adolphus1594-1632
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Marie de Medici byPeter Paul Rubens
1573-1642
Louis XIIIBourbon King of France
1601-1643r. 1610-1643
The Bourbon Dynasty
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Cardinal Richelieu1585-1642
First Minister for Louis XIII
1624-1642
French Phase, 1636-1648
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Peace of Westphalia, 1648
• Peace of Exhaustion • Sets the Political Geography of Europe• Cujus regio, ejus religio Cujus regio, ejus religio becomes realitybecomes reality• Calvinism given RecognitionCalvinism given Recognition• Balance of Power PrincipleBalance of Power Principle• Dutch Independence is RecognizedDutch Independence is Recognized
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Louis XIV, the Sun King1643-1715
Louis XIV in His Minority
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Palace at Versailles
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France Under France Under LouisLouis XIV XIV
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Stuart MonarchyStuart Monarchy
James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649)Charles I (1625-1649) Interregnum (1649-1660) CromwellInterregnum (1649-1660) Cromwell Charles II (1660-1685)Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1689)James II (1685-1689) William (1689-1702) & Mary (1689-William (1689-1702) & Mary (1689-
1694)1694) Anne (17-2-1715)Anne (17-2-1715)
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The English Civil WarThe English Civil War
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Execution of Charles I, 1649
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Thomas Hobbes1588-1679
The Leviathan, 1651Social Contract supporting Absolute Monarchy
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John Locke1632-1704
Two Treatises Concerning Government 1689
A Letter Concerning Toleration1690