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Transcript of Consti Outline 2012
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BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
1ST Semester SY 2012-2013
Atty. Ethel R. Andico-MalabananProfessor of Law
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The fundamental concepts of public law; the values,principles and policies underlying the constitution; the legal structure and basicfunction of the government; the distribution and limitation of power.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
a. Students must come to class prepared to recite the assignmentsfor the day. Hard copies of all the legal materials listed in thisoutline are available at the BSU Law Library. Soft copies of theSupreme Court decisions may be downloaded fromhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph and www.lawphil.net.
b. The use of cellular phones is prohibited during class. Cellular
phones must be turned off or placed in silent mode during class.If a student needs to attend to an emergency call, he/she may doso outside the classroom.
c. Consultation hours are every Fridays from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
REFERENCE BOOKS: There is no prescribed textbook for this subject.However, the students may consult the latest edition of the book of Father Joaquin Bernas entitled “The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of thePhilippines: A Commentary.” Students are advised to have a copy of the 1987Philippine Constitution.
GRADING SYSTEM:
The final grade will be determined as follows:
Quizzes 15 %Recitation 15 %Midterm Exams 30 %Final Exams 40 %
100 %
REQUIREMENTS:
1. Recitation – Every meeting or class day, students will be called randomlyto recite on the provisions or cases assigned for the day. In case the
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student is called, but he is absent then he will be given a grade of “5” forthat day.
2. Quizzes – Quizzes may be given on topics or cases assigned for the day orfor topics discussed in previous sessions. Generally, quizzes, surprise or
otherwise, will be given at the start of the class.
3. Mid-term exam – The Mid-term exam is a two (2) hour exam to be givenon the date assigned by the College for the class exam. It is acomprehensive exam testing the ability of the student to apply theknowledge of the law in practical situations. It will also include objectivetype of questions.
4. Final Exam – The final exam is a two (2) hour exam to be given on the dateassigned by the College for the class exam.
OUTLINE OF TOPICS AND CASES IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
PART I. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION
A. FUNDAMENTAL LAW AS OVERRIDING STANDARD OFVALIDITY IN CASE OF REPUGNANCY
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683
B. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION ENFORCED THROUGH JUDICIAL REVIEW
Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139Tañada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051
PART II. PHILIPPINE SOVEREIGNTY
A. STATE DEFINED
PART III. PREAMBLE
A. Purpose
Bernas, The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines ACommentary 2009 edition (also of 2003 edition) (read pp. 1-4)
PART IV. PHILIPPINE TERRITORY (Lecture for 20 minutes)
A. Territory – The Archipelago Concept
Article I 1987 Philippine Constitution 1
1. The Philippine Archipelago
1 Unless otherwise stated, the provisions cited in this outline refer to the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
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a. Treaty limits
Treaty of Paris, Art. IIITreaty between Spain and U.S. concluded at Washington
on Nov. 7, 1900 and that between U.S. and GreatBritain on January 2, 1930
b. Method of determining baselines
Rep. Act. No. 3046, June 17, 1961Rep. Act No. 5446, September 8, 1968Rep. Act. No. 9522 March 10, 2009
2. Other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction
P. D. No. 1596, June 11, 1978Rep. Act. No. 9522 March 10, 2009
3. Two Hundred-Mile Exclusive Economic Zone
P. D. No. 1599, June 11, 1978U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, April 30, 1982
Merlin Magallona et.al vs. Hon. Eduardo Ermita et.al G.R. No.187167 July 11, 2011
PART V. CITIZENSHIP
A. Who are Citizens of the Philippines?
Article IV section 1, 1987 Philippine Constitution
1. Citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution
i. Citizens under the 1935 Constitution.
a. Philippine Bill of 1902 & Jones Law.b. The Caram Rule.c. Those whose fathers were citizens.d. Those who elected upon reaching majority age.e. Those who were naturalized.
ii. Citizens under the 1973 Constitution.
a. Those already citizens.b. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens.c. Those that elected Philippine citizenship.d. Those who were naturalized.
2. Those whose fathers & mothers are citizens3. Those who elect Philippine Citizenship
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4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
B. NATURAL BORN– PRINCIPLE OF JUS SANGUINIS
Tecson v. Comelec G.R. No. 161434 March 3, 2004
1. Natural-born citizens, art. IV, sec. 2
a) Those whose fathers & mothers are citizens.b) Those who elect Filipino Citizenship.c) Reacquisition of natural born citizenship by repatriation.
Who must be natural born citizens:
(1) President.
Art. VII, sec. 2
(2) Vice President.
Art. VII, sec. 3
(3) Members of Congress.
Art. VI, secs. 3 & 6
(4) Justice of the Supreme Court and lower collegiate courts.
Art. VIII, sec. 7(1)
(5) Tanodbayan and his deputies.
Art. XI, sec. 8
(6) Constitutional Commissions.
Art. IX, B, sec. 1(1); Art. IX, C, sec. 1(1)
Art. IX, D. sec. 1(1)
(7) Members of the Central Monetary Authority.
Art. XII, sec. 20
(8) Commission on Human Rights.
Art. XIII, sec. 17(2)
Former natural born citizens as transferees of private lands
Art XII, sec. 8
a. THOSE NATURALIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW
1. By Judicial Proceeding
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a) CA No. 473 secs. 2-5, 7, 8, 15 & 18.b) RA No. 530 sec 1 – effect on the wife and children.
2. By Administrative Proceeding (R.A. No. 9139)
3. By Direct Act of Congress
b. Loss of Citizenship – Art. IV section 3; CA 63
c. Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003 (R.A. No.9225)
AASJS & Hector Calilung v. Datumanong G.R. No. 160969May 11, 2007
d.
Dual Allegiance – Art. IV sections 4 & 5; see also sec. 40 of R.A.No. 7160 Local Government Code
Mercado v. Manzano 307 SCRA 630Valles v. Comelec G.R. No. 137000 Aug 9, 2000
PART VI. THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: PRINCIPLES, POLICIES,OFFICIALS AND SOVEREIGN POWERS
A. Philippine Government in General.
Bavani and Matoto v. National Coconut Corporation 100 Phil. 468
See definition of Government of the Republic of the Phils. undersection 2 (1) of the Administrative Code of 1987
B. Principles
1. Sovereignty of the People and Republicanism
Art. II, sec. 1Art. V
Villavicencio v. Lukban 39 Phil 778
2. Adherence to International Law
Preamble
Art. II, sec. 2
Id., secs. 7-8Art. XVIII, sec. 25
Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, 75 Phil. 113
3. Supremacy of Civilian Authority despotic
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Art. II, sec. 3Art. VII, sec. 18Art. XVI, sec. 5(2) & (4)
Alih v. Castro 151 SCRA 279
4. Government as Protector of the People and People asDefenders of the State
Art. II, sec. 4Id., sec. 5
People v. Lagman & Zosa 66 Phil. 13Chavez v. Romulo G. R. No. 157036 June 9, 2004
5. Separation of Church and State
Art. II, sec. 6Art. III, sec. 5Art. IX, C, 2(5)Art. VI, sec. 5(2)
Aglipay v. Ruiz 64 Phil 201Garces v. Estenzo 104 SCRA 510
6. State Immunity from Suit
i. Basis
Republic v. Villasor 54 SCRA 83
ii. Foreign Government & Foreign Corporations andtheir Operations
U.S.A. v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487M.H. Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
Minucher v. CA G.R. No. 142396 Feb 11, 2003
iii. Suits to Enforce Statutory Obligations
Animos v. Phil. Veterans Affairs, 174 SCRA 214
iv. EXCEPTIONS
1. EXPRESS CONSENT – Act 3083; CA No. 327 asamended by P.D. No. 1445
PNR v. I.A.C., 217 SCRA 401
2. ENGAGING IN PROPRIETORY FUNCTIONS
National Irrigation Adm. v. I.A.C., 214 SCRA 35
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3. GOVERNMENT LOANS AND CONTRACTS
Traders Royal Bank v. I.A.C., 192 SCRA 305
7. State Liability For Torts
Yulo v. Civil Service Commission, 219 SCRA 470
C. Policies
1. Independent foreign policy and a nuclear – free Philippines
Art. II, secs. 7-8Art. XVIII, secs. 4 and 25
Lim v. Exec. Sec. G.R. No. 151445 April 11, 2002
2. A just and dynamic social order
PreambleArt. II, sec. 9
a. The promotion of social justice
Art. II, sec. 10Art. XIII, secs. 1-2Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2
Calalang v. Williams 70 Phil 726 (1940)
b. Respect for human dignity and human rights
Art. II, sec. 11Art. XIII, secs. 17-19Art. XVI, sec 5 (2)
Simon v. CHR G.R. No. 100150 Jan 5, 1994
c. Fundamental equality of women and men
Art. II, sec. 14Art. XIII, sec. 14
PASEI v. Drilon 163 SCRA 386
d. Promotion of health & ecology
Art. II, secs. 15-16Art. XIII, secs. 11-13
e. The priority of education, science, technology, arts,culture and sports (ESTACS)
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Art. II, sec. 17Art. XIV, sec. 2 & 5
f. Urban land reform and housing
Art. XIII, secs. 9-10
g. Reform in agriculture and other natural resources
Art. II, sec. 21Art. XIII, secs. 4-8
h. Protection of labor
Art. II, sec. 18
Art. XIII, sec. 3
The right of government workers to form unions
Art. III, sec. 8Art. IX, B, sec. 2(5)
SSS Employ. Assn. v. CA 175 SCRA 686 (1989)
i. Independent people’s organization
Art. II, sec.23Art. XIII, secs. 15-16
3. The family as a Basic Autonomous SOCIAL Institution
Art. II, sec. 12Art. XV, (The Family)Art. II, sec. 13Civil Code, Art. 52 (Marriage is not a mere contract but aninviolable social institution)
4. A self-reliant and independent ECONOMIC order
Art. II, sec. 19Id., sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 6 (National Economy and Patrimony)
Tanada v. Angara 272 SCRA 18
5. Communication and information in nation-building
Art. II, sec. 24Art. XVI, secs. 10-11Art. XVIII, sec. 23
6. Autonomy of local governments
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Art. II, sec. 25Art. X, (local Governments)
7. Recognition of the rights of indigenous culturalcommunities
Art. II, sec. 22Art. VI, sec. 5(2)Art. XII, sec. 5Art. XIII, sec. 6Art. XIV, sec. 17Art. XVI, sec. 12
8. Equal Access of Opportunities for Public Service
Art. II, sec. 26Pamatong v. Comelec G.R. No. 161872 April 13, 2004
9. Honest Public Service and Full Public Disclosure
Art. II, sec. 27Art. XI, secs. 4, 5-15Art. II, sec. 28Art. XI, sec. 17Art. VII, sec. 12
Art. VII, sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 21Art. XII, sec. 2, par. 5Art. VI, secs. 12 and 20Art. IX, D, sec. 4Art. III, sec. 7
Legaspi v. Civil Service Commission 150 SCRA 530
PART VII. DISTRIBUTION AND SEPARATION OF POWERS
A. PURPOSE & PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS
B. INTERDEPENDENCE, BLENDING OF POWERS and CHECKS ANDBALANCES
Kilosbayan Inc. v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110Demetria v. Alba 148 SCRA 208 (1987)Mantruste System v. CA 179 SCRA 136 (1989)
C. JUSTICIABLE AND POLITICAL QUESTIONS
Arnault v. Balagtas 97 Phil 358 (1955)Alejandrino V. Quezon 46 Phil. 83
Article VIII, section 1Article VII, section 18
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PART VIII. THE STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF THE NATIONALGOVERNMENT
A. Congress
1. Composition, Qualifications and Term of Office
a. Senate
Art. VI, secs. 2-4
b. House of Representatives
Art. VI, secs. 5-8R.A. No. 7941 The Party-List System Act
Barangay Association for National Advancement and Transparency(BANAT) v. Comelec G.R. Nos. 179271 & 179295April 21, 2009 & August 7, 2009
SJS v. Dangerous Drugs Board Nov 3, 2008 G.R. No. 157870
2. Election
a. Regular Election
Art. VI, sec. 8
b. Special election
Art. VI, sec. 9R.A. No. 6645
3. Organization and sessions
a. Election of Officers
Art. VI, sec. 16(1)Santiago v. Guingona G.R. 134577 November 18, 1998
b. Quorum
Id., sec 16(2)Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)
c. Rules of proceedings
Id., sec. 16(3)Id., sec. 21
Pacete v. Secretary of the Commission on Appointments,40 SCRA 58, (1971)
Arroyo v. De Venecia G.R. No. 127255 August 14, 1997
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d. Discipline of members
Id., sec. 16(3)Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil. 1 (1947)Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
Santiago v. Sandiganbayan G.R. 126055 April 19, 2001De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan G.R. No. 130240
February 5, 2002
e. Journal and Record
Art. VI, sec 16(4)
(1) The Enrolled Bill Theory
Casco (Phil.) Chemical Co. v. Gimenez,7 SCRA 347 (1963)
(2) Probative value of the Journal
United States v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
(3) Matters to be entered in the Journal
(a) Yeas and nays on the third and final
reading of a bill (Art. VI, sec. 26(2)
(b) Veto message of the President(Art. VI, sec 27(1)
(c) Yeas and nays on the repassing of a billvetoed by the President(Art. VI, sec 27(1)
(d) Yeas and nays on any question at the requestof 1/5 of members present(Art. VI, sec 16(4)
(4) Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory
Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)Morales v. Subido 27 SCRA 131 (1969)
(5) Congressional record
Art. VI, sec 16(4), par. 2
f. Sessions
(1) Regular sessions
Art. VI, sec. 15Id., sec. 16(5)
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(2) Special sessions
Id., sec. 15Art. VII, secs. 10-11
Art. VII, sec. 18, par. 3
4. Salaries, privileges and Disqualifications
a. SalariesArt. VI, sec. 10Art. XVIII, sec. 17
PHILCONSA v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
b. Freedom from arrestArt. VI, sec. 11Rev. Penal Code, art. 145
People v. Jalosjos G.R. No. 132875 February 3, 2000Trillanes IV v. Judge Pimentel G.R. No. 179817 June 27, 2008
c. Speech and Debate Clause
Art. VI, sec. 11 Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 876 (1966)Osmena v. Pendatun 109 Phil 863Antero Pobre v. Senator M. Santiago AC No. 7399 August 25, 2009
d. Disqualification
(1) Incompatible and Forbidden officesId., sec. 13
Adaza v. Pacana, Jr. 135 SCRA 431 (1985)Liban et.al v. Gordon, et.al GR No. 175352
July 15, 2009(2) Other prohibitions
Art. VI, sec. 14Puyat v. de Guzman 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
e. Duty to disclose
Art. XI, sec. 17
Art. VI, sec. 12Id., sec. 20
5. Electoral Tribunals
Id., secs. 17 and 19
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Tañada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051 (1957)Bondoc v. Pineda 201 SCRA 792Pimentel v. HRET 393 SCRA 227
6. Commission on Appointments
Id., secs. 18-19Cunanan v. Tan 5 SCRA 1 (1962)Daza v. Singson 180 SCRA 496 (1989)Guingona v. Gonzales 214 SCRA 789 (1992)
7. Powers of Congress
a. General plenary powers
Art. VI, sec. 1
b. Limitations on the legislative power
(1) Substantive limitations
(a) Express substantive limitations
Art. III, (Bill of Rights)Art. VI, secs. 25 and 28
Art. XIV, sec. 4(3)Art. VI, sec. 29Id., sec. 30Id., sec. 31
(b) Implied substantive limitations
Prohibition against delegationof legislative powers
Prohibition against passage ofirrepealable laws
Exceptions to Nondelegation Doctrine
Delegation to the PresidentArt. VI, sec. 23(2) andSec. 28(2)
Delegation to the peopleArt. VII, sec. 32
Abakada v. Purisima G.R. No. 166715 Aug 14, 2008
(2) Procedural limitations
Art. VI, sec. 27
c. Question hour
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Art. VI, sec. 22
d. Legislative investigation
Art. VI, sec. 21
Arnault v. Nazareno. 87 Phil. 29 (1950)Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358 (1955)Sabio v. Gordon et.al. G.R. No. 174340, G.R. No. 174318
G.R. No. 174340. Oct 17, 2006Senate v. Executive Secretary Ermita G.R. No. 169777
April 20, 2007Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee 203 SCRA 767Standard Charter Bank v. Senate Committee on Banks
G.R. No. 167173 December 27, 2007Neri v. Senate Committees G.R. No. 180843 Mar 25, 2008
e. Act as board of canvassers for Presidential & VP elections
Art. VII, sec. 4, par. 4Pimentel v. Joint Committee of Congress to CanvassG.R. No. 163783 June 22, 2004
f. Call special election for President and Vice President
Art. VII, sec. 4
g. Legislative VETO or approval of extension of suspensionof privilege of habeas corpus or declaration of martial law
Art. VII, sec. 18
h. Approval of Presidential Amnesties
Art. VII, sec. 19
i. To confirm certain appointments
Art. VII, sec. 9Id., sec. 16
j. Concur in Treaties
Art. VII, sec. 21
k. Declaration of war and delegation of emergency powers
Art. VI, sec. 23
l. Be judge of the President’s physical fitness
Art. VII, sec 11, par. 4
m. Power of impeachment
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(1) Who are subject to impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
(2) Grounds for impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
(3) Procedure for impeachment
Id., sec 3(1)-(6)
Ernesto Francisco et.al v. House of Rep.G.R. No. 160261 Nov 10, 2003
Merceditas Gutierrez v. House of Representatives,et.al. G.R. No. 193459 Feb 15, 2011
(4) Consequence of impeachment
Id., sec. 3(7)
n. Power with regard to utilization of natural resources
Art. XII, sec. 2
o. Amendment of the Constitution
Art. XVII, secs. 1-3
1. Amendment v. Revision2. Proposal
a. By Congress
b. By Constitutional Convention
Gonzales v. Comelec 21 SCRA 774
c. By the people thru initiative (See RA 6735August 4, 1989)
Santiago v. Comelec G.R. No. 127325 Mar 19,1997 336 SCRA 848Lambino et.al. v. COMELEC G.R. No. 174153.October 25, 2006
3. SubmissionTolentino v. Comelec 41 SCRA 702
4. Ratification Art. XVII, sec 4 (1) & (2)
2. Legislative process
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a. Requirements as to bills
(1) As to titles of bills
Art. VI, sec. 26(1)
Which should control the title or the text of a statute?
Cruz v. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)Tobias v. Abalos 239 SCRA 106 (1994)
(2) Requirements as to certain laws
(a) Appropriation laws
Art. VII, sec. 22Art. VI, secs. 24-25Demetria v. Alba, G. R. No. L-45129, March 6, 1987Guingona v. Carague 196 SCRA 221 (1991)Philconsa v. Enriquez G.R. No. 113105 Aug 19, 1994
Id., sec. 29
(b) Tax laws
Art. VI, sec. 28Art. XIV, sec 4(3)
Lung Center v. QC G.R. No. 144104 June 29, 2004
b. Procedure for the passage of bills
Art. VI, sec. 26(2)Id., sec. 27
Bengzon v. Drilon 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
Gonzales v. Macaraig G.R. No. 87636 November 19, 1990
Do we have “pocket veto” in the Philippines?
What is a pocket veto? Compare art. I, sec. 7of U.S. Const.; “If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sunday excepted)after it shall have been presented to him, the sameshall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it,unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent
its return in which case it shall not be law.”
c. Legislative veto
Miller v. Mardo, 2 SCRA 898 (1961)Abakada v. Purisima supra
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d. Effectivity of laws
Civil Code, art. 2Tañada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)Same, resolution of motion for reconsideration,
G.R. No. 63915, Dec. 29, 1986Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987
B. Executive Department
1. The President
a. Qualifications, election, term and oath
Art. VII, secs. 2, 4 and 5
b. Privilege and salary
Art. VII, sec. 6
c. Prohibitions
Art. VII, sec. 13
Compare prohibitions against other officials
Art. VI, sec. 13Art. IX, A, sec. 2Art. IX, B, sec. 7
Exceptions to rule prohibiting executive officials fromholding another office:
a. Vice President as member of the cabinet(Art. VII, sec. 3, par. 2)
b. Secretary of Justice as member of Judicial and BarCouncil (Art. VIII, sec. 8(1)
Cruz v. COA G.R. No. 138489 Nov. 29, 2001
d. Succession
(1) In case of vacancy at the beginning of termArt. VII, sec. 7Id., sec. 10
(2) In case of vacancy during termArt. VII, sec. 8Id., sec. 10
Estrada v. Arroyo G.R. No. 146738 March 2, 2001
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(3) In case of temporary disabilityArt. VII, secs. 11 – 12
e. RemovalArt. XI, secs. 2 – 3
f. Powers and Functions of the President
(1) Executive PowerArt. VII, secs. 1 and 17
NEA v. CA G.R. No. 143481 February 15, 2002DENR v. DENR Region XII Employees G.R. No. 149724
August 19, 2003Marcos v. Manglapus 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
Phillips Seafood Corp. vs. BOI Feb 4, 2009 GR No. 175787
(2) Control of Executive DepartmentsArt. VII, sec. 17
MEWAP v. Romulo G.R. No. 160093 July 31, 2007Mondano v. Silvosa 97 Phil 143 (1955)
(3) General supervision of local governments andautonomous regions
Art. X, sec. 4Id., sec. 16Pimentel v. Aguirre G.R. No. 132988 July 19, 2000
(4) Power of appointment
With consent of Commission on Appointments
Sarmiento v. Mison, G.R. No. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987Concepcion-Bautista v. Salonga 172 SCRA 160 (1989)Soriano v. Lista G.R. No. 153881 March 24, 2003
(a) Heads of departmentsArt. VII, sec. 16
(b) Ambassadors, public ministers, and consulsArt. VII, sec. 16
(c) Officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel andnaval captain
Art. VII, sec. 16
(d) Chairman and members of Constitutional CommissionsArt. IX, B, Sec. 1(2)Id., C, sec 1(2)Id., D, sec 1(2)
(e) Members of the Judicial and Bar Council
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Art. VIII, sec. 8(2)
Upon recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council
(a) Members of the Supreme Court and all other lower
courtsArt. VIII, sec. 9
(b) Tanodbayan and DeputiesArt. XI, sec. 9
Appointments solely by the President
(a) Those whose appointments are not otherwise by law
(b) Those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint
Limitations on appointing power of the President
Art. VII, secs. 13 and 15
Jorge v. Mayor, 10 SCRA 331 (1964)Quimsing v. Tajanglangit, 10 SCRA 446 (1964)In Re: Mateo Valenzuela A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC
Nov 9, 1998
Castro v. JBC & Pres. Arroyo G.R. No. 191002 &G.R. No. 191032 April 20, 2010 & March 2010
Interim or recess appointments
Art. VI, sec. 19Art. VII, sec 16, par. 2
Limitation on appointing power of Acting President
Art. VII, secs. 14 – 16
(5) Executive clemencies
Art. VII, sec. 19Art. IX, C, sec. 5
(a) Pardon distinguished from probationPeople v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56 (1937)
(b) Pardon distinguished from paroleTesoro v. Director of Prisons, 68 Phil. 154 (1939)
(c) Pardon distinguished from amnestyPeople v. Casido G.R. N o. 116512 March 7, 1997
(d) Effect of pardonPeople v. Nacional G.R. No. 111294 Sept 7, 1995
Garcia v. Chairman, COA G.R. No. 75025 Sept 14, 1993
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Llamas v. Orbos 202 SCRA 844
(6) Powers of Commander-in-ChiefArt. VII, sec. 18Art. III, sec. 13
Art. VIII, sec. 1, par. 2
IBP v. Zamora G.R. No. 141284 August 15, 2000Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary GR No. 159085
Feb 3, 2004 421 SCRA 656Randolph S. David vs. PGMA GR No. 171390
May 3, 2006
Philip Sigrid Fortun and Albert Lee Angeles vs.Gloria Macapagal Arroyo GR No. 190293 March 20,
2012
(7) Emergency PowersArt. VI, sec 23(2)
Rodriguez v. Gella, 92 Phil. 603 (1953)
(8) Contracting and guaranteeing foreign loansArt. VII, sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 21
Rep. Act No. 4860
(9) Power over foreign affairs
Isabelita Vinuya et.al. v. Executive Secretary et.al.GR No. 162230 April 28, 2010
(a) Treaty makingArt. VII, sec. 21
Treaty distinguished from executive agreements
Comm. of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading 3 SCRA 351 (1961)
(b) Deportation of undesirable aliens
Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17
(10) Power over legislation
(a) Address Congress
Art. VII, sec. 23(b) Preparation and submission of the budget
Id., sec. 22(c) Veto power
Art. VII, sec. 27(d) Emergency power
Art. VI, sec. 23(2)
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(e) Fixing of tariff ratesArt. VI, sec. 28(2)
(11) Immunity from suit
Beltran v. Macasiar G.R. No. 82585 Nov 14, 1998Gloria v. CA G.R. No. 119903 Aug 15, 2000Estrada v. Desierto G.R. No. 146710-15 March 2, 2001
[12] Executive Privilege
Romulo Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability ofPublic Officers and Investigations et al.G.R. No. 180643 March 25, 2008 & September 4, 2008
Senate v. Ermita G.R. No. 169777 April 20, 2006
2. Vice President
a. Qualifications, election, term and oathArt. VII, sec. 3Id., sec. 4Id., sec. 5
b. Privilege and salary
Art. VII, sec. 6
c. ProhibitionsArt. VII, sec. 13Id., sec. 3, par. 2
d. SuccessionArt. VII, sec. 9
e. RemovalArt. XI, secs. 2 – 3
C. The Judicial Department
1. The Supreme Court
a. Composition
Art. VIII, sec. 4
Vargas v. Rilloraza, 80 Phil. 297 (1948)
b. Appointment and qualifications
Art. VIII, sec. 7(1)Id., sec. 8(5)Id., sec. 9
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SB ng Taguig v. J. Estrella, A.M. No. 01-1608-RTJ January 16, 2001
Castro v. JBC & Pres. Arroyo G.R. No. 191002 &G.R. No. 191032 April 20, 2010 & March 2010
c. Salary
Art. VIII, sec. 10Art. XVIII, sec. 17
Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 522 (1950)Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696 (1953)Compare 1973 Const., art. XV, sec. 6
Not exempt from income tax
Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,G.R. No. 78780, July 23, 1987
d. TenureArt. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 1Id., sec. 2, par. 2
De la Llana v. Alba 122 SCRA 291 (1983)
e. Removal
Art. XI, sec. 2Art. VIII, sec. 11
f. Jurisdiction
Art. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 2, par. 1Id., sec. 5Art. VI, sec. 30Art. VII, sec. 18
People v. Ramos, 88 SCRA 486 (1979)Tirol v. CA G.R. No. 133954 Aug 3, 2000
g. Judicial Power/Judicial Review
Art. VIII, sec 1, par. 2Miranda v. Aguirre G.R. No. 133064 Sept 16, 1999Salonga v. Pano 134 SCRA 438
Requisites of Judicial Review
Article VIII, Section 5(2)
1. Actual Case or Controversy
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Montesclaros v. Comelec, G.R. No. 152295. July 9, 2002PACU v. Secretary of Education 91 Phil. 806
2. Proper PartyAgan v. PIATCO, G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003
CHR Employees Assoc. v. CHR, G.R. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004
3. Earliest OpportunityUmali v. Guingona, 305 SCRA 533 (1999)
4. Necessity of Deciding Constitutional QuestionsArceta v. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 152895. June 15, 2004
h. Act as a Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Art. VII, sec. 4, par. 4Lopez v. Roxas, 17 SCRA 756 (1966)Makalintal v. PET GR No. 191618 Nov 23, 2010
i. Administrative powers
(1) Supervision of lower courts
Art. VIII, sec. 6
Caoibes v. Ombudsman G.R. No. 132177 July 17, 2001In re Demetria A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA March 27, 2001
(2) Discipline of judges
Art. VIII, sec. 11
(3) Appointment of officials and employeesof entire judiciary
Art. VIII, sec. 5(6)
[4] Temporarily assign judges to other stations in publicinterest
Art. VIII, sec. 5(3)
[5] Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoidmiscarriage of justice
Art. VIII, sec. 5 (4)People v. Gutierrez 39 SCRA 173
[6] promulgate rules concerning the enforcement andprotection of constitutional rights
A.M. No. 07-9-12 SC Rule on Writ of Amparo A.M. No. 08-1-16 SC Rule on Writ of Habeas DataA.M. No. 09-6-8 SC Rule of Procedure on Environmental
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Cases (Writ of Kalikasan)
Tapuz v. del Rosario G.R. No. 182484 Jan 17, 2008
[7] Admission to the Practice of Law
Zaldivar v. Gonzales 166 SCRA 316 (1988)Aguirre v. Rana Bar Matter No. 1036 June 10, 2003In re: Cunanan 94 Phil. 534 (1954)
[8] Integration of the Bar
In re: IBP Elections Bar Matter No. 491(October 6, 1989)
[9] Promulgate rules concerning pleading, practice andprocedure
j. No nonjudicial work for judges
Art. VIII, sec. 12Manila Electric Co. v. Pasay Trans. Co.,
57 Phil. 600 (1932)Garcia v. Macaraig, 39 SCRA 106 (1971)
k. Report on the judiciary
Art. VIII, sec. 16
l. Manner of sitting and votes required
Art. VIII, sec. 4Rule 56, sec. 7 Rules of Civil ProcedureRule 125, sec. 3 Rules of Court
Cruz v. DENR G.R. No. 135385 December 6, 2000
m. Requirements as to decisions
Art. VIII, secs. 13-14
Valladolid v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 205 (1983)Mendoza v. CFI, 51 SCRA 369 (1973)Bacolod Murcia Milling Co. v. Henares,
107 Phil. 560 (1960)
n. Periods for deciding cases
Art. VIII, sec. 15Art. VII, sec. 19, par. 3Art. XVIII, secs. 12-14
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o. Judicial privilege
Resolution dated February 14, 2012 “In Re: Production of Court Records and Documents and the Attendance of Court officials andemployees as witnesses under the subpoenas of February 10, 2012
and the various letters for the Impeachment Prosecution Paneldated January 19 and 25, 2012.”http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/february2012/notice.pdf
2. Lower Courts
a. Qualifications
Art. VIII, sec. 7(1) (2)Id., sec. 8(5)
Id., sec. 9
b. Salary
Art. VIII, sec. 10
c. Tenure
Art. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 1
Id., sec. 2, par. 2De La Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294 (1982)
d. Removal
Art. VIII, sec. 11
e. Jurisdiction
Art. VIII, sec. 1Ynot v. IAC, G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987
f. Requirements as to preparations of decisions
Art. VIII, sec. 14
g. Period for deciding
Art. VIII, sec. 15Art. XVIII, secs. 12-14
3. The Judicial and Bar Council
Art. VIII, sec. 8
4. Automatic release of appropriationfor the judiciary
Art. VIII, sec. 3
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D. The Constitutional Commissions
1. Civil Service Commissions
a. Composition and qualifications of Commissioners
Art. IX, B, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2
b. Appointment and term of office of Commissioners
Art. IX, B, sec. 1(2)
c. Appointment of personnel of CSC
Art. IX, A, sec. 4
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
g. Functions of the CSC
Art. IX, B, sec. 3Art. IX, A, sec. 7Id., sec. 8
h. Scope of the civil service - Art. IX-B sec 2 (1)
Camporedondo v. NLRC G.R. No 129049 Aug 6, 1999National Service Corporation v. NLRC 168 SCRA 122 (1988)Leyson v. Ombudsman G.R. No. 134990 April 27, 2000
i. Terms and conditions of employment in the civil service
(1) Oath of allegiance to the Constitution
Art. IX, B, sec. 4Art. XI, sec. 18
(2) Merit system
CSC v. Salas G.R. No. 123708 June 19, 1997
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PAGCOR v. Rilloraza G.R. No. 141141 June 25, 2001Corpus v. Cuarderno 15 SCRA 591
(a) Appointment of lameducks
Art. IX, B, sec. 6
(b) Appointment or designation of elective and appointiveofficials
Art. IX, B, sec. 7Art. VII, sec. 13Art, VI, sec. 13
(3) Standardization of pay and ban on double compensation
Art. IX, B, sec. 5Id., sec. 8
Santos v. Court of Appeals G.R. NO. 139792 Nov 22, 2000CB Empl. Assn. v. BSP G.R. No. 148208 Dec 15, 2004
(4) Ban on partisan political activities
Art. IX, B, sec. 2(4)
Compare Art. XVI, sec. 5(3) (with respectto members of AFP)
Trinidad v. Valle 105 SCRA 606 (1981)Vistan v. Nicolas 201 SCRA 524
(5) Removal or suspension only for cause
Art. IX, B, sec 2(3)Ingles v. Mutuc, 26 SCRA 171 (1968)Cristobal v. Melchor, 78 SCRA 175 (1977)Miranda v. Carreon G.R. NO. 143540 April 11, 2003
(6) Summary removal
Acolola v. Tantuico, 85 SCRA 789 (1978)
(7) Right of self-organization
Art. III, sec. 8
Art. IX, B, sec. 2(5)
j. Review of decisions of the CSC
Art. IX, A, sec. 7
k. Fiscal independence
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Art. IX, A, sec. 5
2. Commission on Elections
a. Composition and qualifications of Commissioners
Art. IX, C, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2
b. Appointment and term of office of Commissioners
Art. IX, C, sec. 1(2)
c. Appointment of personnel
Art. IX, A, sec. 4
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
g. Powers and functions of the COMELEC
Art. IX, C, sec. 2
(1) Enforce election laws
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(1)Id., sec. 10
Sandoval v. COMELEC G.R. No. 133842 Jan 26, 2000Brillantes v. Comelec G.R. No. 163193 June 15, 2004
R.A. No. 9189 (2003) The Overseas Absentee Voting Act
(2) Decide administrative questions pertaining to election,
except the right to vote
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(3)
(3) Petition for inclusion or exclusion of voters
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(6)
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(4) Prosecute election law violators
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(6)
EO 134, sec. 11, Feb. 27, 1987
De Jesus v. People, 120 SCRA 760 (1983)Baytan v. Comelec G.R. No. 153945 Feb 4, 2003
(5) Recommend pardon, parole or suspension of sentence ofelection law violators
Art. IX, C, sec. 5
(6) Deputize law enforcement agents and recommend theirremoval
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(4)Id., sec. 2(8)
(7) REGISTRATION of political parties, organizations andcoalitions and ACCREDITATION of citizens’ arms
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(5)
Registration under the party-list system
Art. IX, C, sec. 6Id., sec. 7Id., sec. 8Art. VI, sec. 5(2)Art. XVIII, sec. 7
(8) Regulation of public utilities and media of information
Art. IX, C, sec. 4Id., sec. 9
UNIDO v. COMELEC, 104 SCRA 17 (1981)
(9) Decide election contests and cases
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(2)Id., sec. 3
Javier v. COMELEC, 144 SCRA 194 (1986)
h. Rule-making
Art. IX, A, sec. 6
i. Other functions
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Art. IX, A, sec. 8
j. Act as National Board of Canvassers for Senators
EO 144, sec. 1, March 2, 1987
k. Review of COMELEC decisions, orders and resolutions
Art. IX, A, sec. 7
l. Fiscal Autonomy
Art. IX, A, sec. 5
3. Commission on Audit
a. Composition and qualifications
Art. IX, D, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2
b. Appointment and term of Commissioners
Art. IX, D, sec. 1(2)
c. Appointment of COA personnel
Art. IX, A, sec. 4
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
g. Powers and functions
Art. IX, D, sec. 2
Id., sec. 3Art. VI, sec. 20
DBP v. COA G.R. No. 88435 January 16, 2002
h. Rulemaking
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Art. IX, A, sec. 6
i. Other functions
Art. IX, A, sec. 8
j. Review of decisions of the COA
Art. IX, A, sec. 7
k. Fiscal autonomy
Art. IX, A, sec. 5
E. Sandiganbayan
Art. XI, sec. 4PD 1606, Dec. 10, 1979RA No. 8249
F. Office of the Ombudsman
See also PD 1630, July 18, 1979Republic Act No. 6770 Nov 17, 1989
1. Composition
Art. XI, sec. 5
2. Qualifications
Art. XI, sec. 8
3. Appointment and term
Art. XI, secs. 9 and 11
4. Rank and salary
Art. XI, sec. 10
5. Disqualifications
Art. XI, sec. 8Art. IX, A, sec. 2
6. Jurisdiction
Art. XI, sec. 12PCGG v. Desierto G.R. No. 140232 Jan 19, 2001People v. Velez G.R. No. 138093 Feb 10, 2003
7. Powers and functions
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Art. XI, sec. 138. Fiscal autonomy
Art. XI, sec. 14
9. Appointment of personnel
Art. XI, sec. 6
G. Office of the Special Prosecutor
Art. XI, sec. 7
H. Central Monetary Authority
1. Composition and qualifications
Art. XII, sec. 20
2. Functions
Art. XII, secs. 20-21
I. Economic and Planning Agency
Art. XII, secs. 9-10
J. National Commissions
1. Commission on Human Rights
a. Composition and qualifications
Art. XIII, sec. 17
b. Powers and functions
Art. XIII, secs. 18-19
c. Fiscal autonomy
Art. XIII, sec. 17(4)
2. National Language Commission
Art. XIV, sec. 9
3. National Police Commission
Art. XVI, sec. 6Canonizado v. Aguirre G.R. No. 133132 January 25, 2000