QUANTIFOIL Instruments The world of microarray instrumentation

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Creating constant air humidity in closed vessels

To creating constant air humidity in QInstruments incubation and hybridization units (IHC1, HC4) filling and exchange of fluids is facilitated through well in base within the chamber. Therefore water, buffer or saturated aqueous solution can be applied quite simple. Before inserting the slides or microtiter plates into the cassette chamber, add your personal solution to the grooves inside the cassette chamber. Any of the solution evaporates during the incubation or hybridization reaction, producing humidity conditions depending on the solution in the cassette chamber (e.g. water generate 100% humidity). A humid environment prevents evaporation of the hybridization solution between the microarray slide and cover slip during the hybridization reaction. Failure to add hybridization buffer can cause drying of the fluorescent sample onto the microarray surface, leading to elevated non-specific fluorescence.

Saturated aqueous solution with considerable precipitates

% relative air humidity above the solution

(at 20 °C) di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate

Na2HPO4 x 12 H2O 95

Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 x 10 H2O 92 Zinc sulfate ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 90 Potassium chloride KCl 86 Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 80 Sodium chloride NaCl 76 Sodium nitrite NaNO2 65 Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 63 Calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2 x 4 H2O 55 Potassium carbonate K2CO3 45 Zinc nitrate Zn (NO3)2 x 6 H2O 42 Calcium chloride CaCl2 x 6 H2O 32 Lithium chloride LiCl x H2O 15

QUANTIFOIL Instruments The world of microarray instrumentation

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Relative humidity over satisfied salt solutions as a function of the temperature

relative air humidity [%] at a temperature of ...°C Salt

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Solubility at 20°C 3)

[g / 100 g H2O]

Natriumhydroxid 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 108,3 Lithiumbromid 8 7 7 6 6 159,6 Zinkbromid 9 8 8 8 8 8 434,6 Kaliumhydroxid 14 13 11 10 9 8 113,6 Lithiumchlorid 11 11 11 11 11 11 Lithiumchlorid 1) 15 81,9 Calciumbromid 21 19 18 16 143,7 Lithiumiodid 21 19 18 16 15 14 13 164,8 Kaliumacetat 1) 20 257,6 Kaliumacetat 2) 21 21 22 22 22 21 20 257,6 Calciumchlorid 34 31 29 73,9 Calciumchlorid 1) 31 73,9 Magnesiumchlorid 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 54,4 Natriumiodid 45 43 41 40 38 37 35 34 33 177,8 Zinknitrat 1) 42 558,4 (Hexahydrat)Kaliumcarbonat 2) 43 43 43 43 43 110,6 Kaliumthiocyanat 1) 47 222,5 Calciumnitrat 61 57 54 51 48 127,0 Magnesiumnitrat 56 55 54 54 53 52 52 71,1 Magnesiumnitrat 1) 56 71,1 Natriumdichromat 1) 58 Natriumbromid 1) 58 90,6 Natriumbromid 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 90,6 Ammoniumnitrat 72 68 65 62 59 56 54 189,6 Natriumnitrit 1) 66 81,8 Kaliumiodid 73 72 71 70 69 68 143,5 Strontiumchlorid 75 74 73 72 71 70 52,8 Natriumchlorat 1) 75 98,0 Natriumnitrat 78 77 76 74 73 72 71 86,6

QUANTIFOIL Instruments The world of microarray instrumentation

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Soweit nicht anders angegeben sind die Werte aus: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 1995 by CRC Press. 1) Werte aus dem Römpp Lexikon Chemie (9. Aufl.). 2) Werte aus eigenen Unterlagen (Mitschriften aus Vorlesungen und ähnliche Quellen). 3) Die Löslichkeitswerte sind aus: Küster, Friedrich W.: Rechentafeln für die chemische Analytik. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 103. bearb. Aufl., 1985.

Natriumchlorid 76 75 75 75 75 75 75 36,0 Natriumacetat 1) 76 Ammoniumchlorid 1) 79 37,0 Ammoniumchlorid 82 81 80 79 77 77 76 37,0 Kaliumbromid 85 84 83 82 81 65,0 Kaliumbromid 1) 84 65,0 Ammoniumsulfat 82 82 81 81 81 80 80 75,3 Kaliumchlorid 87 87 86 85 84 34,4 Kaliumhydrogensulfat 1) 86

Strontiumnitrat 92 90 89 87 85 70,0 Kaliumchromat 1) 88 Bariumchlorid 92 91 91 90 90 35,2 Zinksulfat 1) 90 53,8 Cäsiumiodid 93 92 92 91 91 77,5 Kaliumnitrat 97 96 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 31,5 Ammoniumdihydrogen- phosphat 1) 93 37,3

Natriumhydrogen- phosphat 1) 95 15,6

(Heptahydrat) Kaliumsulfat 98 98 97 97 97 97 97 97 Bleinitrat 1) 98 52,5