Consolidation and Expansion of the S of D

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y

All along the 13th

C. the Sultanate of Delhi was moreoccupied in stopping the Huns who tried to penetrateIndia than expanding.

y The two most important Sultans from the epoch were

Iltumish and Balban.y However, at the death of Balban (1287), struggles for

the succession began.

y These struggles represented the interest of groups of

nobles and families than of individuals.



y In 1290, the Khalgis, a family coming from Afganistan, were able to overthrown the rest of the competitorssizing thus the power.

y The Khalgis chose Ala-ud-din Khalgi as the newgovernor of Dehli (1296 - 1316).

y He started a new period of Muslim expansion.

y An enormous amount of southern territory (even someparts of the Deccan like Devagiri) became his by 1307.

y

Some years later, the whole Deccan became part of theSultanate as Ala-ud-din had defeated the fourKingdoms of the Deccan: Yadava, Kakatiya, Hoysalaand Dorasamudra.



y Perhaps the main and most interesting feature of Ala-

ud-din was his de facto laicism. His advices observedthat: Religion has no relation to State affairs, for it is ahobby of the private life.

y He acted as a clever king whos full of enemies. Afraid

of them, he controlled the marriages between noblesand restricted nobles meetings.

y For public charges, he picked in many occasionshomeless who would be loyal to him due to

thankfulness.



y His control included market relations and imposedminimum and maximum prices. Including the tariffsof the prostitutes.

y To avoid further rebellions from the Indians, he drovethem to conditions of misery. For that he is known asthe Thrash of Hinduism.

y The situation of oppression caused a huge Indiancelebration at his death. People wore new dresses,rode horses and shot arrows and retook openly theirtraditional cults, although in smaller intimate temples.



y In the meantime, new struggles for power appeared,from which a new dynasty would appear: The Tughluqsleaded by Ghiyas-ud-din.

y This dynasty expanded so much that during theirreign, only Kashmir, Orissa and some parts of Rajputana were independent.

y No other king or governor, since Asoka, had had or would have so much territorial control in India.



y

The Tughluqs wanted to homogenize the economy intheir territory and issued a system of coins made out of copper and tin to substitute gold and silver, butfalsification took over the economy.

y

This brought an enormous inflation to the kingdomand money troubles for the State, since in many occasions taxes were paid with false coins.

y Another important decision of the Tughluqs was to

move the Capitol from Delhi to Daulatabad (formerly Devagiri).



y

The Tughluqs proved to be bad and cruel leaders (any crime was punished with death).

y All the misery and oppression that was been accumulatedin India the last hundred of years ended up in rebellionsnot only from farmers that refused to keep on paying the

taxes and started killing the collectors, but even from theMuslim nobility.

y In 1334, the Muslim governor of Maduray, rose up andorganized not only some of the oppressed kingdoms butgot the help of some others that had always been

independent.y Muhamad, however, was never dethroned, although his

power was really diminished, and died in 1351 as he went topersonally try to suffocate a rebellion in the Sind.

Consolidation and Expansion of the S of D

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