Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor...
Transcript of Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor...
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ConsiderationsforOut-of-PlaneWallandUpliftDesign
WoodWorksTexasWorkshops–December,2016
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Overview
• Uplift• WallDesign
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WindLoads
Windloadsactingonbuildingsaremodeledasuniformsurfaceloads.Windloadscancreatebothpositiveandnegativeloads(inwardsandoutwardsloads)onbuildingsurfacesandcreatethreedifferent loadingconditions:• Uplift• Racking/overturning• Sliding/shear
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UpliftWindLoads
Uplift– Outward(suction)forceactingonroof
Loadpath- rooftofoundationrequiredunlessdeadloadisgreaterthanuplift
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UpliftLoads
Source:strongtie.com
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MethodstoResistUpliftLoads
• Mechanicalconnectors(straps,hurricaneties,screws,threadedrods)
• Sheathing
• DeadLoads
Source:strongtie.com
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UpliftResistance:MechanicalConnectors
Source:IIBHS
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UpliftResistance:WallSheathing
• Whenjoints,fastenersareconsidered,canusesheathingtoresistuplift
• SDPWSSection4.4
SDPWSFigure4I
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UpliftResistance:WallSheathing
SDPWSFigure4J
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UpliftResistance:DirectLoadPath
Importanttodetailupliftrestraintconnectorstoprovidedirectloadpath
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UpliftWindLoads
Truss/RaftertoTopPlateConnection
Whathappenstotheupliftloadafterthis?
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UpliftWindLoads
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WindLoadsTypes
2TypesofWindLoads•MWFRS– MainWindForceResistingSystem
Anassemblageofstructuralelementsassignedtoprovidesupportandstabilityfortheoverallstructure.Thesystemgenerallyreceiveswindloadingfrommorethanonesurface.Eg.Shearwalls,diaphragms
• C&C– Components&CladdingElementsofthebuildingenvelopethatdonotqualifyaspartoftheMWFRS
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Uplift:MWFRSorC&C?
ConsidermemberpartofMWFRSif:• TributaryArea>700ft2 perASCE7-1030.2.3• LoadcomingfrommorethanonesurfaceperASCE7-1026.2
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Uplift:MWFRSorC&C?
AWC’sWFCMcommentaryC1.1.2statesthatMWFRSisusedforallupliftconditions:
TherationaleforusingMWFRSloadsforcomputingtheupliftofroofassembliesrecognizesthatthespatialandtemporalpressurefluctuationsthatcausethehighercoefficientsforcomponentsandcladdingareeffectivelyaveragedbywindeffectsondifferentroofsurfaces.
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Uplift:MWFRSorC&C?
ASCE7-1026.2commentaryprovidessomediscussiononuplift&MWFRSvs.C&C.
ComponentsreceivewindloadsdirectlyorfromcladdingandtransfertheloadtotheMWFRS.Examplesofcomponentsincludefasteners,purlins,girts,studs,roofdecking,androoftrusses.ComponentscanbepartoftheMWFRSwhentheyactasshearwallsorroofdiaphragms,buttheymayalsobeloadedasindividualcomponents.
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EffectiveWindArea
Forwinddesign,tributaryareadoesnotnecessarily=effectivewindarea
EffectiveWindArea(EWA)- Twocases:• Areaofbuildingsurfacecontributingtoforcebeing
considered(tributaryarea)• Longandnarrowarea(wallstuds,rooftrusses):width
ofeffectiveareamaybetakenas1/3length;increaseseffectivearea,decreasesload(perASCE7-10section26.2commentary);EWA=L2/3
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EffectiveWindAreaExample
44’-0”
Trusses@2’o.c.
44’-0”
Trusses@2’o.c.
Trib.A=(44)(2)=88ft2 EWA=442/3=645ft2
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UpliftExampleCalculation
• RoofFramingRafter• 20’Span• 2’Spacing• 2’Overhang• 115mphExposureB• RoofH=80ft• 65’x220’
Photocredit:MattTodd&PBArchitects
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MWFRS- ExternalPressureCoefficient
Lookatwindactingonbuilding’slongside:L=65ft,h/L=80/65=1.23Cp =1.3,-0.18
ASCE7-10Fig.27.4-1
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• GCp:(0.85)(-1.3)=1.105(26.9.4&Fig.27.4-1)• GCpi:±0.18(Table26.11-1)• qh =0.00256KzKztKdV2
§ Kz :0.93– Table27.3-1§ Kzt :1.00- Figure26.8-1§ Kd :0.85- Table26.6-1§ Vu:115mph
• qh=26.8psf• p=(26.8psf)(-1.105+(-0.18))=34.4psf
MWFRS- Runningthenumbers
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MWFRS- RoofOverhangpersection27.4.4• ForOverhangs:ASCE727.4.4– useCp =0.8onundersideofoverhang,usesametoppressurescalculatedfortyp.roof
• poh =(26.8psf)(-0.8)(0.85)=18.2psf• pext =(26.8psf)(-1.105)=29.6psf• poh net=18.2+29.6=47.8psf
Poh
pext
PerASCE7-10section27.4.4
pint
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MWRFS- DeterminingtheUpliftLoad• p=(34.4psf)(2ft)=68.8plf• poh =(47.8psf)(2ft)=95.6plf
68.8plf
Uplift=0.6(95.6plf(2ft.)+68.8plf*20ft/2)=528lbsDeadLoad=0.6((2+20/2)*10psf*2ft)=144lbsNetUpliftatLeftSupport=528lbs -144lbs =384lbsNote:Itiscommonpracticetouse2setsofdeadloads:highestpotentialdeadloadsforgravity,lowestpotentialdeadloadsforuplift
95.6plf
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C&C- ExternalPressureCoefficient3zoneswithdifferingwindloads:
1:Field2:Perimeter3:Salientcorners
a=smallerof10%ofleasthorizontaldimensionor0.4h,butnotlessthaneither4%ofleasthorizontaldimensionof3ft
ASCE7-10Fig.30.4-2A
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C&C- ExternalPressureCoefficient– Fig.30.4-2A
EWA=H2/3=222/3=161ft2
GCP =-1.1FORINTERIOR
ASCE7-10Fig.30.4-2A
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• GCp:-1.1(Figure30.4-2A)• GCpi:±0.18(Table26.11-1)• qh =0.00256KzKztKdV2
§ Kz :0.93- Table30.3-1§ Kzt :1.00- Figure26.8-1§ Kd :0.85- Table26.6-1§ Vu:115mph
• qh=26.8psf• p=(26.8psf)(-1.1+(-0.18))=34.3psf
C&C- Runningthenumbers– Zone2
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C&C- RoofOverhangpersection30.10• ForOverhangsFigures30.4-2A&30.10-1areutilized• poh =26.8psf(1.7+0.18)=50.4psf• ps =pw =34.3psf• poh net=50.4+34.3=84.7psf
ps
pW
pOH
EWA=2*2=4sf
GCp =-1.7
PerASCE7-10Fig.30.10-1 ASCE7-10Fig.30.4-2A
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C&C- DeterminingtheUpliftLoad• p=(34.3psf)(2ft)=68.6plf• poh =(84.7psf)(2ft)=169.4plf
68.6plf
Uplift=0.6(169.4plf(2ft.)+68.6plf*20ft/2)=615lbsDeadLoad=0.6((2+20/2)*10psf*2ft)=144lbsNetUpliftatLeftSupport=615lbs -144lbs =471lbsNote:Itiscommonpracticetouse2setsofdeadloads:highestpotentialdeadloadsforgravity,lowestpotentialdeadloadsforuplift
169.4plf
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RoofFraming:CompressionEdgeBracing
• Bendingcausescompressioninoneedgeofmember• Roofsheathingbracescompressionflangeofroofjoists
Compressionedge
Tensionedge
Loadingdirection
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RoofFraming:CompressionEdgeBracing
• WhataboutUplift?Needfulldepthblocking/bridgingorbottomchordbracing
BottomChordBracing
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Someinsurancecompaniesrequireabuilding’srooftoberatedforwindupliftresistance
WindUpliftRequirements:Insurance
Somedesignersandownersaren’tawarethattherearewoodassemblieswhichmeetFMupliftrequirements
ULandFactoryMutual(FM)havedonetesting&researchonroofupliftassemblies.
ULassignsratingsbasedonmax.upliftresistanceallowedforanassemblyinpsf,suchasClass30,60,90
FMrequiresafactorofsafetyof2,i.e.FMUpliftRatingof90requiredforroofswith45psf upliftforces
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WindUpliftRequirements:Insurance
Source:APAFormG310
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WindUplift:SolarPanels
Resources:
DSAFormIR16-8SEAOCPV2
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Overview
• Uplift• WallDesign
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DesigningWoodWalls
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WindLoads
Uniformsurfacewindloadsgenerallyincreasewithbuildingheight
ASCE7-10Fig.27-6.1
Ifwindloadsvarywithbuildingheight,commontousehigherwindloadoverasinglestoryorbuilding
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PanelsL/dRatioUnbraced LengthWallVeneerWindonlyloadingC&CDesignPropertiesHinges
WallDesignConsiderations
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LoadsintoWSP
Windloadsaretransferredtowallframingstudsthroughwoodstructuralpanels(sheathing)
SDPWSTable3.2.1
ForASDCapacity:DivideNominalCapacityby1.6ForLRFDCapacity:MultiplyNominalCapacityby0.85
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DeterminingUnbraced Length
Whatistheunbracedlength,lu ?Strong&weakaxis
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Gypsum&WeakAxisBuckling
NDSCommentary:“Experiencehasshownthatanycodeallowedthicknessofgypsumboard,hardwoodplywood,orotherinteriorfinishadequatelyfasteneddirectlytostudswillprovideadequatelateralsupportofthestudacrossitsthicknessirrespectiveofthetypeorthicknessofexteriorsheathingand/orfinishused.”
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IntermediateWallStudBlocking
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3StepProcess:ExteriorWallDesign
• StrengthCheck1:
Gravity(axial)+MainWindForceLoads
• StrengthCheck2:
FullComponentsandCladdingWindLoads,NoAxial(orminimalaxial)
• DeflectionCheck:
ReducedComponentsandCladdingWindLoads
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WallDesignConsiderations
Forotherdesignissuesseethearticle:
• ConsiderationsinWindDesignofWoodStructures• FreedownloadfromAWCavailableat:
http://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/archives/AWC-Considerations-0310.pdf
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StrengthCheck1forStudDesign
StrengthCheckasaVerticalLoadSupportingelement:• ApplyVerticalDead,Live,Roofand/orSnowLoads• Applyout-of-planelateralloads
• MWFRSwindloads(ASCE7-10Chapter27or28)• Seismicwallforces(ASCE7-1012.11.1)
• CombinedBending&AxialLoadCheckperAWCNDS3.9• Usestandardloadcombinations
• IBCSection1605or• ASCE7-10Chapter2
DesignTip:Bottomplatecrushingmaygovern
overStudCapacity
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DesignConsiderations
SlendernessLimits(NDS20153.7.1.4)MaxEffectiveUnbracedLength=50d,d=depthininches
Maxof75dduringconstruction
1½” depth6’-3” max unbraced length. 9’-4” during construction.
3½” (2x4) Max Height: 14’-7”5½” (2x6) Max Height: 22’-11”7¼” (2x8) Max Height: 30’-2”
Studorcolumncanbebracedagainstbucklinginthisdirectionbysheathing.
Studorcolumnisnot bracedagainstbucklinginthisdirectionbysheathing.
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StrengthCheck2forStudDesign
StrengthCheckforComponents&CladdingWindLoads• Noaxialloading• C&CWindloadsonly• Checkstudforbendingandshear
DesignTip:BeawareofASCE7DefinitionofEffectiveWind
AreatodecreasetherequiredC&Cwindload
![Page 48: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
StrengthCheck2forStudDesignStrengthCheckforComponents&CladdingWinds• Noaxialloading• C&CtransverseWindloadsonly• Checkstudbendingandshear.
DesignTip:Forbendingstresscheck,beawareofRepetitiveUsefactor
Cr ofNDSandWallStudRepetitiveMemberFactorofSDPWS3.1.1.
ChangeinSDPWS2015referencedfromIBC2015allows
applicationofWallStudRepetitiveFactortoStudSTIFFNESS.See
SDPWS3.1.1
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DeflectionCheckforStudDesignDeflectionCheckforComponentsandCladdingWinds• Checkout-of-planedeflectiontoIBCTable1604.3or
othermorestringentrequirements.
Note:Thischeckoftengovernstallwalls
DesignTip:Readallthefootnotes!IBCTable1604.3footnotef
allowsthefollowingC&CWindloadreduction:
MultiplycalculatedC&CWindLoadsby0.42whenusingVULT (ASCE
7-10)OR0.70whenusingVASD (ASCE7-05andearlier)fordeflection
![Page 50: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CalculatingDeflection– IBCTable1604.3
ForΔ ofmostbrittlefinishesusel/240
ForC&Cpressuresa30%loadreductionisallowedforΔ only(IBCTable1604.3footnotef)
f.Thewindloadispermittedtobetakenas0.42timesthe"componentandcladding”loadsforthepurposeofdeterminingdeflectionlimitsherein.
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WoodStudswithBrickVeneer- Deflection
IBCTable1604.3:min.walldeflectionwithbrittlefinishes=L/240
BrickIndustryAssociationrecommendsmuchstricterlimits
StructureMagazineMay2008article,HaroldSprague
BIATechNote28
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WallStudDesignAidWesternWoodProductsAssociation(WWPA)DesignSuite:http://www.wwpa.org/TECHGUIDE/DesignSoftware/tabid/859/Default.aspx
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Example:OfficeBuildingWallStuds
2StoryBuilding
13’tallwoodframedwalls.
Assumestuds16”o.c.
110mphExposureC
LeastHorizontalDim.=90ft
![Page 54: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
WallStudDesign:StrengthCheck1
GravityLoads:
RoofDeadLoad=20psf; FloorDeadLoad=30psf
RoofLiveLoad=20psf; FloorLiveLoad=65psf
WallDeadLoad=18psf; WallDeflection=L/360
Roof&FloorTributaryWidth=(22ft)(0.5)=11ft
WallTributaryWidth=13ft +13ft =26ft
WDL =(11ft)(20psf+30psf)+(26ft)(18psf)=1018plf
WRL =(11ft)(20psf)=220plf
WLL =(11ft)(65psf)=715plf
ControllingLoadCombo:D+L=1018+715=1733plf
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WallStudDesign:StrengthCheck1
GravityLoads:
AxialLoadPerStud=(1733plf)(1.333ft)=2310lb
Bottomplatecrushing:2310/(1.5”*5.5”)=280psi<625psi:OK
MWFRSWindLoads:
ULT.=28.5psf;ASD=(28.5psf)(0.6)=17.1psf ASCETable27.6-1
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WallStudDesign:StrengthCheck1
2x6DF#2Studs@16”o.c.OKforStrengthCheck1
Member #
Location :
Sits on Sill Plate ? Yes
** Dimension Lumber ** ** Dimension Lumber **
Yes Nominal Size : ( 1 ) 2 x 6 Sill Plate Nominal Size : 2 x 6
DochDN.2 Species = Species or Symbol = DochDN.2
No.226 Grade = Grade = No.226
2400f-2.0E 1500f-1.4E
Bearing at < 3" of Sill End? No
Height ( H ) = 13 ft - 0 in P = 2310 lb =
Unbraced Length ( l 1 ) = 13 ft - 0 in w = 22.8 plf = Wind
Unbraced Length ( l 2 ) = 2 ft - 0 in lu = 13 ft - 0 in 13
(pressed-down buttons are selected)
Yes Repetitive Use ?
No 1.00 Incised for PT ?
No Flat Use :
< 19% 1.60 Moisture Content : for P only, fc (psi) = 280 < 533 = Fc //
< 100 Temperature (° F) : for P + w, fc (psi) = 280 < 558 = Fc //
1.00 C D = 1.00 (P) & 1.60 (P+w) (1.3/2) fb (psi) = 497 < 1346 = Fb
1.60 K = 1.00 (fc / F'c)2 + fb / [F'b (1 - fc / Fce)] = 0.95 < 1.00 OK
∆ / H = 120 Mid-H Deflection due to w, ∆ (inch) = 0.85 < H / 120 OK
Section Properties
Post/Stud Sill PL
breadth (b) = 1.5 in 1.5 Sill PL
depth (d) = 5.5 in 5.5 Bending Comp // E Comp -|
Area (A) = 8.3 in^2 8.3 Wet Service CM = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Section Modulus (S) = 7.6 in^3 Temperature Ct = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Moment of Inertial (I) = 20.8 in^4 Beam Stability CL = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Size CF = 1.30 1.10 N/A N/A
Flat Use Cfu = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Sill PL Incising Ci = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fb Fc // E Fc -| Emin Repetitive Member Cr = 1.15 N/A N/A N/A
Reference 900 1350 1600000 625 580000 Column Stability (P) CP = N/A 0.36 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P) 533 1600000 781 580000 Column Stability (P+w) CPw = N/A 0.23 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P+w) 1346 558 1600000 781 580000 Bearing Area Cb = N/A N/A N/A 1.25
1485
2152.8 2376
Adjustment Factors
How to
Enter Data
Designed on: April 12, 2016
DL + FL
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Design Values (psi)
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Studs
Strength Check 1
PrintOrder Pro VersionDeveloped by:
Forum Engineers
P
H
w
Setup
ASD Method
YesNo
YesNo
<19% >19%
<100 100~125 125~150
YesNo
No Yes
Set Duration Factors
Set Ef f ectiv e-Length Factor
Version: 3.1
Set Def lection Limit
![Page 57: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
WallStudDesign:StrengthCheck2
C&CWindLoads:ASCE7Fig.30.4-1
a=Lesserof:
• 10%leasthorizontaldimension(LHD)90’*0.1=9’• 0.4h=0.4*26=10.4’.
Butnotlessthan:
• 0.04LHD=3.6’or3’
Usea=9’forzone5
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StrengthCheck2:C&CWindLoads
Wallstudsare13’long
EWA=h2/3=56ft2
Zone4:
GCpf =-0.97
GCpi =-0.18(Table26.11-1)
Zone5:
GCpf =-1.1
ASCE7-10Figure30.4-1
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Runningthenumbers– Zone4
• GCpf:0.97(Figure30.4-1)• GCpi:0.18(Table26.11-1)• qh =0.00256KzKztKdV2
§ Kh :0.98- Table30.3-1§ Kzt :1.00- Figure26.8-1§ Kd :0.85- Table26.6-1§ V:110mph
• qh=25.8psf• p=25.8psf(0.97+0.18)=29.7psf• 0.6W=0.6(29.7)=17.8psf
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StrengthCheck2&DeflectionCheck(Zone4)
2x6DF#2Studs@16”o.c.OKforStrengthCheck2&DeflectionCheck
Member #
Location :
Sits on Sill Plate ? Yes
** Dimension Lumber ** ** Dimension Lumber **
Yes Nominal Size : ( 1 ) 2 x 6 Sill Plate Nominal Size : 2 x 6
DochDN.2 Species = Species or Symbol = DochDN.2
No.226 Grade = Grade = No.226
2400f-2.0E 1500f-1.4E
Bearing at < 3" of Sill End? No
Height ( H ) = 13 ft - 0 in P = 1357 lb =
Unbraced Length ( l 1 ) = 13 ft - 0 in w = 23.7 plf = Wind
Unbraced Length ( l 2 ) = 2 ft - 0 in lu = 13 ft - 0 in 13
(pressed-down buttons are selected)
Yes Repetitive Use ?
No 1.00 Incised for PT ?
No Flat Use :
< 19% 1.60 Moisture Content : for P only, fc (psi) = 164 < 533 = Fc //
< 100 Temperature (° F) : for P + w, fc (psi) = 164 < 558 = Fc //
1.00 C D = 1.00 (P) & 1.60 (P+w) (1.3/2) fb (psi) = 516 < 1346 = Fb
1.60 K = 1.00 (fc / F'c)2 + fb / [F'b (1 - fc / Fce)] = 0.62 < 1.00 OK
∆ / H = 360 Mid-H Deflection due to w, ∆ (inch) = 0.32 < H / 360 OK
Section Properties
Post/Stud Sill PL
breadth (b) = 1.5 in 1.5 Sill PL
depth (d) = 5.5 in 5.5 Bending Comp // E Comp -|
Area (A) = 8.3 in^2 8.3 Wet Service CM = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Section Modulus (S) = 7.6 in^3 Temperature Ct = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Moment of Inertial (I) = 20.8 in^4 Beam Stability CL = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Size CF = 1.30 1.10 N/A N/A
Flat Use Cfu = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Sill PL Incising Ci = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fb Fc // E Fc -| Emin Repetitive Member Cr = 1.15 N/A N/A N/A
Reference 900 1350 1600000 625 580000 Column Stability (P) CP = N/A 0.36 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P) 533 1600000 781 580000 Column Stability (P+w) CPw = N/A 0.23 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P+w) 1346 558 1600000 781 580000 Bearing Area Cb = N/A N/A N/A 1.25
1485
2152.8 2376
Adjustment Factors
How to
Enter Data
Designed on: April 12, 2016
DL + FL
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Design Values (psi)
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Studs
Strength Check 1
PrintOrder Pro VersionDeveloped by:
Forum Engineers
P
H
w
Setup
ASD Method
YesNo
YesNo
<19% >19%
<100 100~125 125~150
YesNo
No Yes
Set Duration Factors
Set Ef f ectiv e-Length Factor
Version: 3.1
Set Def lection Limit
![Page 61: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• GCp:1.1(Figure30.4-1)• GCpi:0.18(Table26.11-1)• qh =0.00256KzKztKdV2
§ Kh :0.98- Table30.3-1§ Kzt :1.00- Figure26.8-1§ Kd :0.85- Table26.6-1§ V:110mph
• qh=25.8psf• p=25.8psf(1.1+0.18)=33psf• 0.6W=0.6(33)=19.8psf
Runningthenumbers– Zone5
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StrengthCheck2&DeflectionCheck(Zone5)
2x6DF#2Studs@16”o.c.OKforStrengthCheck2&DeflectionCheck
Member #
Location :
Sits on Sill Plate ? Yes
** Dimension Lumber ** ** Dimension Lumber **
Yes Nominal Size : ( 1 ) 2 x 6 Sill Plate Nominal Size : 2 x 6
DochDN.2 Species = Species or Symbol = DochDN.2
No.226 Grade = Grade = No.226
2400f-2.0E 1500f-1.4E
Bearing at < 3" of Sill End? No
Height ( H ) = 13 ft - 0 in P = 1357 lb =
Unbraced Length ( l 1 ) = 13 ft - 0 in w = 26.4 plf = Wind
Unbraced Length ( l 2 ) = 2 ft - 0 in lu = 13 ft - 0 in 13
(pressed-down buttons are selected)
Yes Repetitive Use ?
No 1.00 Incised for PT ?
No Flat Use :
< 19% 1.60 Moisture Content : for P only, fc (psi) = 164 < 533 = Fc //
< 100 Temperature (° F) : for P + w, fc (psi) = 164 < 558 = Fc //
1.00 C D = 1.00 (P) & 1.60 (P+w) (1.3/2) fb (psi) = 575 < 1346 = Fb
1.60 K = 1.00 (fc / F'c)2 + fb / [F'b (1 - fc / Fce)] = 0.68 < 1.00 OK
∆ / H = 360 Mid-H Deflection due to w, ∆ (inch) = 0.36 < H / 360 OK
Section Properties
Post/Stud Sill PL
breadth (b) = 1.5 in 1.5 Sill PL
depth (d) = 5.5 in 5.5 Bending Comp // E Comp -|
Area (A) = 8.3 in^2 8.3 Wet Service CM = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Section Modulus (S) = 7.6 in^3 Temperature Ct = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Moment of Inertial (I) = 20.8 in^4 Beam Stability CL = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Size CF = 1.30 1.10 N/A N/A
Flat Use Cfu = 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
Sill PL Incising Ci = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fb Fc // E Fc -| Emin Repetitive Member Cr = 1.15 N/A N/A N/A
Reference 900 1350 1600000 625 580000 Column Stability (P) CP = N/A 0.36 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P) 533 1600000 781 580000 Column Stability (P+w) CPw = N/A 0.23 N/A N/A
Adjusted (P+w) 1346 558 1600000 781 580000 Bearing Area Cb = N/A N/A N/A 1.25
1485
2152.8 2376
Adjustment Factors
How to
Enter Data
Designed on: April 12, 2016
DL + FL
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Design Values (psi)
Douglas Fir-Larch
No.2
Studs
Strength Check 1
PrintOrder Pro VersionDeveloped by:
Forum Engineers
P
H
w
Setup
ASD Method
YesNo
YesNo
<19% >19%
<100 100~125 125~150
YesNo
No Yes
Set Duration Factors
Set Ef f ectiv e-Length Factor
Version: 3.1
Set Def lection Limit
![Page 63: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
GableEndWallHinge
![Page 64: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
GableEndBracingDetails
• Gableendwallandroofframingmayrequirecrossbracing
![Page 65: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
FullHeightStudsatGableEndWalls
• Ifnoopeningsingableendwallexist,candesignstudstospanfromfloor/foundation toroof(varyingstudheights).Mayrequirecloserstudspacings attallerportionsofwall
![Page 66: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
GableEndWallswithOpenings
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GableEndWallswithOpenings
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GableEndWallGirts&Jambs
• Oftengableendwallsarelocationsoflargewindows• Horizontallyspanningmemberinplaneofwallbreaksstudlength,providesallowable
opening
Verticallyspanningjambs
Horizontallyspanning
girts
![Page 69: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
DroppedHeaders:OutofPlaneBraced?
OutofPlaneBracing
![Page 70: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
SmallRetailBuilding– NorthernCA
![Page 71: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
SmallRetailBuilding– NorthernCA
![Page 72: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
WoodFramedStair/ElevatorShaftWalls
![Page 73: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
WoodFramedStair/ElevatorShaftWalls
![Page 74: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
StairwayShaftEnclosures&Framing
IntermediateStairLanding
WhenStairShaftWallisExteriorWall
WallPlatesatTypicalFloorElevation– CreatesPotential“Hinge”
![Page 75: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
WallFramingatShafts
8’TallWalls 10’TallWalls 12’TallWalls
2-2x4 7’-10”B/6’-4”D 7’-0”B/5’-10”D 6’-4”B/5’-6”D
3-2x4 10’-3”B/7’-3”D 9’-2”B/6’-8”D 8’-4”B/6’-4”D
2-2x6 11’-5”B/9’-11”D 10’-3”B/9’-2”D 9’-4”B/8’-8”D
3-2x6 15’-0”B/11’-4”D 13’-5”B/10’-6”D 12’-3”B/9’-11”D
Howfarcanjustwallplatesspanatshaftstudbreaks?Requiresnojointsintheseplates:
Assumptions:DF#2L/360DeflectionCriteria18psf C&C(bending)12.6psf C&C(deflection)
B– spancontrolledbybendingD– spancontrolledbydeflection
![Page 76: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
WallFramingatShafts
IntermediateStairLanding
Framing
Shaftwall
StairExteriorWallDetail
StairShaftSide
ExteriorSide
Consider“Hinge”atwallplatesforout-of-planewind&seismicloadsduetolackofadjacentfloor:• Installadditional
member(rim)tospanhorizontally
• Optionsincludesolidsawnlumber(4xor6x),glulam,PSL
• Ifmulti-plymember,uniquedesignconsiderations
![Page 77: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
StairwayShaftEnclosures&Framing
![Page 78: Considerations for Out- of-Plane Wall and Uplift Design...application of Wall Stud Repetitive Factor to Stud STIFFNESS. See SDPWS 3.1.1 Deflection Check for Stud Design Deflection](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081613/5fb4bd800d1c4b16c3184bf0/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
WallFramingatShafts
FloorPlan
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WallFramingatShafts
ConnectionsareKey
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StairwayShaftEnclosures&Framing
IntermediateStairLanding
ExteriorWallPlateElevationsShiftedDowntoIntermediate
LandingElevation
• EliminatesHingeEffect• AvoidsInterferencewith
LandingWindows
WhenStairShaftWallisExteriorWall
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Questions?
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