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Considerations for Large Scale

CCUS Deployment

Michael E. Moore

Executive Director NACCSAVice President Energy Commodities and Advisory Services

FearnOil Inc.

June 9th2014 Birmingham, AL

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The Astrup Fearnley group represents over a century of history, growth and excellence in the area of shippingservices. This fascinating legacy is a success story created by generation after generation of the Astrup Fearnleyfamily. We believe it is a story worth telling.

Fearnleys traces its history back to the year 1869 when its founder, Thomas Fearnley, established a shipbrokingand agency business in Christiania, as the city of Oslo was known in those days. The little company soon prospered

and engaged in, among others, the trade in lumber, wine, pitch and ice. In connection with its trading activities the company bought shares in vessels and chartered vessels. Although the

company began by chartering sailing vessels, by 1880 the age of the steamship had clearly begun. By 1881 thepartnership of Fearnley & Eger established the Christiania Steamship Company which contracted twonewbuildings at the the Kockums Shipyard in Malm, the 1235 deadweight Oslo and the 1215 deadweightBygdy.

By the end of the 1880s the company had contracted a further six units. In the beginning of the 1900s Fearnley &Eger became, more or less, a shipowning company and invested in ever larger units. The company engaged in bothliner and tramp activities and survived the two world wars. In addition to these shipowning activities, the firmcontinued to engage in developing its skills in the area of shipping services and was engaged primarily in the area

of dry cargo shipbroking. As the tanker industry started to develop at the beginning of the 20th century, Fearnleysbecame enthusiastically involved in this new field of endeavour. Later on, when the transportation of gas by seabecame an important area of commerce, Fearnleys developed a broking department which specialized in this newcommodity. All in all, the history of the company has been closely focused on the concept of innovation; whenevernew ideas and new industries developed which required seaborne transportation, Fearnleys was quickly on thescene.

As the 20th century progressed, the need for brokerage services for the transportation industry became so greatthat Fearnleys began to develop these (along with related ancillary services) as its principal business area. Alwayson the cutting edge of new trends, the company became involved in car carrier transportation in the 1960s,offshore and rig broking in the 1970s, coinciding with the onset of the development of the Norwegian continental

shelf offshore oil fields, and energy trading and financial services in the 1980s. Fearnleys was also a pioneer in thedevelopment of transportation industry research and consultancy services, and has been involved in monitoringand analysing shipping markets since the early 1960s when Fearnresearch was first established. Now at the dawnof the 21st century the little company which started in Christiania in 1869 is firmly established in every corner ofthe world and assumes a global perspective on transportation much to the benefit of its worldwide customerbase.

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Covered Topics

US Oil, Gas and Coal Resources: CCUS Siting

Considerations in the US

Impacts of US Shale Gas: Expect Increasing

Price Volatility

CO2-EOR and CCUS Developments

Coal Global-US Inter-related Energy Activities

CCS/CCUS Financing

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US Oil, Gas and Coal Resources:

CCUS Siting Considerations in the US

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US Conventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs

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US Hazardous Liquids Pipelines-Oil, Products,

Natgas etc. ~500,000 mileshttp://phmsa.dot.gov/portal/site/PHMSA/menuitem.ebdc7a8a7e39f2e55cf2031050248a0c/?vgnextoid=4351fd1a874c6310VgnVCM1000001ec

b7898RCRD&vgnextchannel=f7280665b91ac010VgnVCM1000008049a8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=print

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US Shale Plays - Unconventional Oil &Gas

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US Coal ResourcesSource: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-092/Comp/main.gif

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US Federal & Tribal Lands

http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/fedlands3.pdf

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US Population Density Map 2010 ~320mmSource: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/US_population_map.png

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US Power GridSource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UnitedStatesPowerGrid.jpg

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Impacts of US Shale Gas:

Expect Increasing Price Volatility

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Marcellus Increasing US Daily Gas

Production

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Major Shale (Gas/Oil) Basin Wells

Rapid Declining Production Curve

http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/vol-110/issue-

4/exploration-development/bakken-s-maximum.html

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US Shale (Gas) Impacts

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US vs. Europe: Energy Battle Heats Uphttp://www.cnbc.com/id/101365772

It all comes down to shale gas and the energy revolution it has triggered in the United States. As a result of the rapid adva nce of shale technology,the United States now has an abundance of low-cost natural gas at one-third the price of European gas. European industrial electricity prices aretwice as high as those in some countries and are much higher than those in the United States. To a significant degree, this is the result of a pell-mellpush toward high-cost renewable electricity (wind and solar), which is imposing heavy costs on consumers and generating large fiscal burdens forgovernments. In Germany, it was further accentuated by the premature shutdown of its existing nuclear industry after the 2011 Fukushima nuclearaccident in Japan.

All this puts European industrial production at a heavy cost disadvantage against the United States. The result is a migration of industrial investmentfrom Europe to the United States what one CEO called an "exodus." It involves, not only energy-intensive industries like chemicals and metals, butalso companies in the supply chains that support such industries.

Yet the competitiveness gap will continue to expand as Europe remains locked in a path of still -higher costs unless there is a change in policy. Andthe first signs of a potential change of policy abruptly emerged in both Brussels and Berlin during Davos week. European poli cy makers, strugglingwith already high unemployment, have begun to visualize the further job loss that will result from shutting down European plants. They have alsostarted to pay attention to the 2.1 million jobs in in the United States supported by the unconventional oil and gas revoluti on.

His comments reflect the recognition that, if the course remains unchanged, Germany could be facing what Gabriel called "a dramaticdeindustrialization." And that would threaten Germany's prosperity, which hinges to a considerable degree on Germany's international

competitiveness. Exports are responsible for over 50 percent of German GDP, compared to 27 percent for China, which is generally considered to bethe workshop of the world.

Gabriel's comments stirred up criticism from environmentalists; indeed, they may seem strange words coming from the leader of the SocialDemocrats (the SPD). But the Social Democrats are very close to the trade unions, for which loss of competitiveness translates into loss of jobs.

And it is jobs, as much the specter of "deindustrialization," the disinvestment in industry, that is now making competitiveness a significant part ofEurope's energy debates, especially on a continent where unemployment is so high. The risk of major job loss could well provi de the political stimulusto moderate energy policies in order to narrow the trans-Atlantic gap that was so evident a theme this year at Davos.

US C l t E Di l N t

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US Coal to Europe Displaces Natgas-

GHG Emissions Go Uphttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-31/gas-golden-age-darkens-in-europe-on-u-s-coal-energy-

markets.html

Global gas consumption may rise 19 percent by 2017 from 2010 levels as demand surges inAsia and the U.S. while Europes usage drops 1.6 percent, according to the InternationalEnergy Agency. Increasing coal-fired generation in Europe has cut gas demand by 3 billioncubic feet a day, according to Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., about 7 percent of consumption.The IEA last year predicted a golden age for the fuel with new exports from America toAustralia.

Gas for delivery next month on the Netherlands Title Transfer Facility, the mainlandEuropean benchmark, traded at 27.50 euros ($35.65) a megawatt-hour yesterday, morethan double the price four years ago, according to broker data compiled by Bloomberg.Thats equivalent to $10.43 per million British thermal units and compares with $3.69 permillion Btu for front- month fuel in the U.S., which fell 43 percent over the period.

German power stations make a loss of 11.25 euros a megawatt-hour from burning gas,according to Bloomberg calculations of the so-called clean-spark spread, which takes intoaccount electricity, fuel and carbon prices for next month.

The equivalent measure when burning European coal for delivery to Amsterdam,Rotterdam and Antwerp shows a profit of 14.22 euros a megawatt-hour. U.S. CentralAppalachian Coal Futures for the next month traded at $59.43 a short ton on Oct. 29,excluding shipping, versus $84.85 a metric ton ($93.53 a short ton) for European coal.

Burning coal has contributed to a 10 percent increase in EU carbon-dioxide output thisyear through September, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. First-quarter

emissions from power generation in the U.S. dropped to the lowest since 1992 because ofincreased gas usage and a milder-than-normal winter, the EIA said in an Aug. 1 report.

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California Natgas ShortageAP Feb 6th2014

Water isn't the only resource running short in California. The drought-

stricken state is also low on natural gas. With a move that usually comesin the height of summer when temperatures are soaring and airconditioners blasting, Californians were urged to voluntarily cut theirelectricity use after frigid weather across the U.S. and Canada caused ashortage of natural gas at Southern California power plants.

The so-called Flex Alert, in which residents are asked to turn off unneededlights, avoid using large appliances or equipment, and turn off electricallypowered heaters, was allowed to expire at 10 p.m. Thursday, nine hoursafter it began. The shortage was only in Southern California, but the northwas asked to do its part too.

"Statewide electricity and gas conservation will help free up bothelectricity and gas supplies for Southern Californians," the CaliforniaIndependent System Operator, which runs the state's power grid, said in a

statement. There was no immediate call for an extension of the alert, butit wasn't clear whether more could be coming.

Stephanie McCorkle, a spokeswoman for the grid operator, said SouthernCalifornia has become increasingly dependent on natural gas-fired plantssince the decision last year to shutter the troubled San Onofre nuclearpower plant, which is located between Los Angeles and San Diego.

http://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supply

http://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supplyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/natural-gas-shortage-affects-calif-power-supply

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As Gas Generators' Fuel Costs Soar, Grid

Operator Asks FERC To Waive Price CapPeter Behr, E&E reporter Published: Friday, January 24, 2014

But PJM said it was obliged to accept bids from various generators for 4,000 megawatts of powerTuesday at $999 per MWh, in order to meet the heavy demand for power as the cold wave continued.

The price of natural gas to gas-fired plants drove up the price, PJM said.

With heating demands for gas soaring, gas prices at two points on the Transco pipeline running

through the mid-Atlantic region averaged more than $120 per million British thermal units onJan. 21 with a high mark of $140 per million Btu,

PJM said -- prices that pushed some generators' costs to more than $1,200 per MWh.

"This is untenable," PJM said in its petition to FERC. "Generators cannot lawfully be required to buy fuelat a cost of many millions of dollars for the purpose of generating power and selling it at a loss."

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Natgas Forward Curve-Volatility Impacts

From Polar VortexSource: DTN 2-20-14 vs 2-26-14

The rapid upward change in the nearby pricing a direct effect of this winters longer colder season

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US Natgas Storage Hit HardEIA Feb 14th2014

If the cold weather continues and withdrawals maintain their recent pace of 200 +

Bcf/week then storage could easily fall below 1 Tcf by the end of March, for the first

time since 2003 (orange dashed projection on the chart). RBN 2-24-14

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CO2-EOR and CCUS Developments

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US goes to Carbon Capture Utilization

and Storage

July 28th2011 Chuck McConnell at hisfirst confirmation hearing in the USSenate Energy and Natural ResourcesCommittee, puts forth his plan for theDOE Fossil Energy and the US to make

use of the captured CO2such as inenhanced oil recovery to add value tothe process. He and his plan wereaccepted and confirmed.

He based his confidence in thisapproach on a recently completed

DOE study on this concept. http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-

analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdf

http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdfhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/storing%20co2%20w%20eor_final.pdf

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US CCUS and CCS Projects

Mississippi Powers Kemper CCUS lignite gasification

Air Products-operational-CCUS methane reformer

Plant Barry-pilot operational-CCS post combustion

ADM-pilot operational-CCS ethanol plant

Summits TCEP-on hold-CCUS polygen

NRG-in development-CCUS post combustion

HECA-in development-CCUS polygen

FutureGen-in development-CCS oxycombustion

DKRW-on hold-CCUS coal to methanol

Peabody-Great Point-on hold-CCUS Indiana Gasification-on hold-CCUS petcoke polygen

Leucadia Louisiana Methanol (petcoke gasification)-indevelopment-CCUS petcoke to methanol

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Navajo Nation Speaker Naize Welcomes Royal NorwegianGeneral Consulate to discuss Energy Initiatives

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ROZ or Residual Oil Zone

This study set the

stage for moving

CO2EOR in the ROZ

into full gear.

Source: Melzer Consulting

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Source: Melzer Consulting

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Source: Melzer Consulting

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Source: Melzer Consulting

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Source: Melzer Consulting

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Next Frontier for CO2-EOR -- Shale

Oil/Bakken

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CO2-EOR and EU/EC

January 14th2014 EU Parliament passed: The implementation report 2013: developing and applying carbon

capture and storage technology in Europe (2013/2079(INI))

Note: item 34 Welcomes the various initiatives to make use of CO2in ways that reduce overall emissions into the atmosphere and create

alternative products such as sustainable transport fuels;calls in particular for the Commission to assess urgently the potentialfor the secure use of CO2to enhance oil and gas recovery within theEU

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=EN#title2

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2013-0430&language=EN

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Coal

AEO2014 P j t M C l Fi d P Pl t

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AEO2014 Projects More Coal-Fired Power Plant

Retirements By 2016 Than Have Been Scheduledhttp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=15031# February 14, 2014

Coal-fired power plants in the United States have been under significant economic pressure in recent years because of low natural gas prices and slow electricity demand growth. The Annual Energy

Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference Case projects that a total of 60 gigawatts (GW) of capacity will retire by 2020, which includes the retirements that have already been reported to the U.S. Energy

Information Administration.

Coal-fired power plants are subject to the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), which require significant reductions in emissions of mercury, acid gases, and toxic metals. The standards arescheduled to take effect in April 2015, a deadline that is conditionally allowed to be extended by up to one year by state environmental permitting agencies. Projected retirements of coal-fired

generating capacity in the AEO2014 include retirements above and beyond those reported to EIA as planned by power plant owners and operators. In these projections, 90% of the coal-fired capacity

retirements occur by 2016, coinciding with the first year of enforcement for the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards.

To comply with MATS, it is assumed that all coal-fired plants have flue gas desulfurization equipment (scrubbers) or dry sorbent injection systems installed by 2016. Retirement decisions are based on

the relative economics and regulatory environment of the electricity markets. A plant may retire if higher coal prices, lower wholesale electricity prices (often tied to natural gas prices), or reduced

utilization make investment in equipment like scrubbers uneconomical. The Reference case projections shown in the graph above reflect EIA's baseline for comparing a number of different sensitivity

cases exploring variations on these factors. The full Annual Energy Outlook 2014 including all sensitivity cases will be released in the spring.

At the end of 2012 there were 1,308 coal-fired generating units in the United States, totaling 310 GW of capacity. In 2012 alone, 10.2 GW of coal-fired capacity was retired, representing 3.2% of the

2011 total. The table below shows the progression of coal-fired generating unit retirements between 2010 and 2012. Units that retired in 2010, 2011, or 2012 were small, with an average size of 97

megawatts (MW), and inefficient, with an average tested heat rate of about 10,695 British thermal units per kilowatt-hour (Btu/kWh). In contrast, units scheduled for retirement over the next 10 years

are larger and more efficient: at 145 MW, the average size is 50% larger than recent retirements, with an average tested heat rate of 10,398 Btu/kWh.

http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=15031http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=15031

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China Coal ImportsArgus 2-12-14

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Coal Export Terminalshttp://www.platts.com/news-feature/2012/coal/coalexports/map

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US Coal Exports-Importshttp://www.eia.gov/coal/production/quarterly/

U.S. coal consumption totaled 229.5 million short tons in first quarter 2013; this was

1.5% above the 226.1 million short tons reported in fourth quarter 2012

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Where US Coal Goeshttp://democrats.naturalresources.house.gov/sites/democrats.naturalres

ources.house.gov/files/documents/Our_Pain_Their_Gain1.pdf

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Global-US Inter-related Energy Activities

h

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Chinas Energy Appetite Growshttp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=8070

China is the world's largest energy consumer. China's economy, which has grown at an

average real rate of about 10 percent per year over the last 10 years, is a key driver of the

increase in energy consumption, both in China and internationally. Economic growth in

China is still robustChina's gross domestic product grew an estimated 7.8% in the first

half of 2012. China had the most installed generating capacity in the world in 2011, at1,073 gigawatts, slightly higher than the United States.

Map of Basins with assessed Shale Oil and

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Map of Basins with assessed Shale Oil and

Shale Gas Formations, as of May 2013

Source: Technically Re coverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formationsin 41 Countries Outside the United States EIA June 13th2013

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Panama Canal Expansion and Its Impact

It could be the single biggest game changer for the export

of US energy and related commodities to the Far East. LNG Exportsfirst export facility online in 2015

Coal Exportsmajor expansions of GC terminals

NGL Exportslong term export contracts

Transportation Fuels Exports-from foreign and UScrude, GTL and CTL projects

Crude Oil Exportstalk to open up lower 48restrictions

Petrochemical Exportsworld scale new builds andexpansion underway in the GC

Total vessel throughput last year 18,000new locksincrease throughput and triple vessel sizes.

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Arctic Sea Routes

As of September 5, 2013 the NSRAdministration has issued 495permits to navigate and operateon the NSR so far this year.However, most of these permits

are for only parts of the route,predominantly the western part ofRussian waters, i.e. thesouthwestern Kara Sea. As of 31July 2013, of the 296 permitsgranted only 18% (58 permits) are

for actual transits and 45% (133permits) are approved for voyagesonly in the southwestern Kara Sea,primarily shipping goods withinthe region or bringing them south-westwards to Europe.http://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styl

es/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping

%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sT

http://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sThttp://www.oceansnorth.org/system/files/styles/fullsize/private/imagedb/arctic%20shipping%20map_0.jpg?itok=KITnA6sT

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Significant Carbon Events

November 7th2013'Unburnable' carbon fuels investment concerns-Investors group with 7.3tn of assets asks energy giants about theirexposure and response to the risk of falling demand for oil and coal.http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agenda

June 12th2013 Obama Quietly Raises 'Carbon Price' as Costs to ClimateIncrease. The increase of the so-called social cost of carbon, to $38 ametric ton in 2015 from $23.80, adjusts the calculation the governmentuses to weigh costs and benefits of proposed regulations. The figure ismeant to approximatelosses from global warming such as flood damageand diminished crops. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-

12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.html

EPA and NSPS on new and existing power plants

President Obamas June 2nd

TEPCO Plans Two 500 MW IGCC

http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-12/tougher-regulations-seen-from-obama-change-in-carbon-cost.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agendahttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/unburnable-carbon-investment-agenda

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TEPCO Plans Two 500 MW IGCC

Projects in Japan

May 21-2014 http://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-

publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.html

Japanese power utility TEPCO has submitted to the Minister of Economy, Trade andIndustry of Japan the "Planning Phase Environmental Impact Statement forReconstruction of Fukushima: Demonstration plan for large scale coal basedintegrated gasification combined cycle". TEPCO aims to build two 500 MW coal based

integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power plants; the first one would bebuilt in the Hirono area, on the site of the existing power plant and would bedeveloped independently by TEPCO. The second one would be built within thepremises of Nakoso power plant, in partnership with Joban Joint Power. Twoadditional projects are also under consideration.

("Statement") that summarizes the environmental items to be considered,

independently for the Hirono area, and in collaboration with Joban Joint Power Co.,Ltd. for the Nakoso area. In addition to the above, for the purpose of making inquiryreferences from the viewpoint of environmental preservation, we have also submittedthe said document to the Governor of Fukushima prefecture, and the Mayor of Hironotown as well as the Mayor of Naraha town for the Hirono area; and the Governor ofFukushima prefecture and the Mayor of Iwaki city for the Nakoso area.

http://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.htmlhttp://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-publication/energy-news-001/tepco-plans-two-500-mw-igcc-projects-japan_28804.html

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Mexico Opens Up Its Energy Markets

On Dec. 12, 2013, Mexican legislators approved controversial, far-reachingreforms to the countrys energy sector. Outside the federal legislativechambers in Mexico City, protesters pounded on metal barriers with rocksand spoons, while phalanxes of riot police stood guard behind thebarricades.

Many felt their countrys patrimony and fiscal independence were being

sold at a fire sale. Mexico was opening up its energy sector to private,foreign interests for the first time since President Lazaro Cardenas hadtossed out foreign companies and nationalized oil reserves to wide andenthusiastic support in 1938.

For the past 75 years, Mexican oil has been controlled exclusively by the

state-owned oil firm Pemex, the second most profitable company in LatinAmerica, according to the Fortune 500 index. Almost all of Pemexs profitsgo back into national coffers. But the state-owned company is alsonotoriously corrupt.

http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/

S di A Uth i h CO EOR

http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/http://www.texasobserver.org/american-media-misses-story-mexican-oil-reform/

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Saudi Aramco Uthmaniyah CO2-EOR

at Ghawar CO2EOR Demonstration project. 0.8 Mt of CO2injection over 3 years, coming from the Hawiyah gas

plant.

The CO2injection will take place in a well characterized field, theGhawar field, of which Uthmaniyah represents a small area. The

project will consist of 4 injection wells, 2 observation wells and 4productions wells.

Monitoring and Surveillance technology will record theproduction/injection rates, the residual oil saturation, the plumeevolution (flood front), the well integrity, and the quantity of CO2sequestered.

Demonstrate CO2EOR with intensive monitoring effort. CO2injection is expected to start in 2015.

http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0

US Becomes World Scale LPG and

http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project/uthmaniyah-co2-eor-demonstration-project-0

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US Becomes World Scale LPG and

Ethane Exporter GPA 14: US exports of LPG poised to

skyrocket. 4-15-14 A near-doubling of US propane

exports occurred from 2012 to 2013.This paradigm shift looks likely tocontinue.

At least 77 projects to build orexpand LPG processing capacity arein the works, Ms. Anderson said.These projects will bring online 13billion cubic feet per day (Bcfd) ofadditional capacity in US by the endof 2015.

Bentek anticipates US LPG supplyfrom gas plants to reach 2 MMbpd by

2019 http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.c

om/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.html

Enterprise Building Ethane Export

Terminal to Cut Glut . 4-22-14 The operator of the largest U.S.

storage hub for natural gas liquids,plans to reduce an oversupply ofethane by exporting the plasticsingredient from the Texas coast.

The refrigerated export facility is

expected to begin operating in thethird quarter of 2016.

It will have the capacity to load240,000 barrels a day, making it thelargest such facility in the world, thecompany said.

U.S. ethane supply currently exceeds

demand by about 300,000 barrels aday, a figure that may reach 700,000barrels by 2020.

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.html

CO2 Shi i

http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/enterprise-building-ethane-export-terminal-to-cut-glut.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.htmlhttp://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3331124/GPA-14-US-exports-of-LPG-poised-to-skyrocket.html

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CO2 Shipping

Anthony Veder CO2 shipping.http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/

AP Moeller/Maersk CO2 shipping.http://www.maersktankers.com/Activities/Pages/CO2%20Shipping.aspx

Yara CO2 Business Unit.http://www.yara.com/media/news_archive/Yara_co2_ships.aspx

GCCSI CO2 Liquid tanker study Vopak.http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdf

GCCSI Chiyoda Preliminary Feasibility Study on CO2 Carrier for Ship.http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccs

Lloyds Feasibility of Danish CCS Scheme Comprised of Capture at PowerPlans, Ship Transport and CO2-EOR. Supports using modified chilled LPGcarriers and modified ethane carriers for CO2 in supercritcal for long haulshipping.http://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20

CO2%20EOR.pdf

http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.maersktankers.com/Activities/Pages/CO2%20Shipping.aspxhttp://www.maersktankers.com/Activities/Pages/CO2%20Shipping.aspxhttp://www.yara.com/media/news_archive/Yara_co2_ships.aspxhttp://www.yara.com/media/news_archive/Yara_co2_ships.aspxhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.dendanskemaritimefond.dk/public/dokumenter/2010/2010-71/Report%20-%20Feasibility%20of%20Danish%20CCS%20Scheme%20Comprised%20of%20Capture%20at%20Power%20Plants%20Ship%20Transport%20and%20CO2%20EOR.pdfhttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/preliminary-feasibility-study-co2-carrier-ship-based-ccshttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/25491/co2-liquid-logistics-shipping-concept.pdfhttp://www.yara.com/media/news_archive/Yara_co2_ships.aspxhttp://www.yara.com/media/news_archive/Yara_co2_ships.aspxhttp://www.maersktankers.com/Activities/Pages/CO2%20Shipping.aspxhttp://www.maersktankers.com/Activities/Pages/CO2%20Shipping.aspxhttp://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/http://www.anthonyveder.com/activities/new-business/co2-shipping/

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CCS/CCUS Financing

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Money Everywhere But..

In terms of financing for CCS, despite anincreasing number of operating plants, there havebeen no examples of commercially (bank) financedCCS projects yet as far as we are aware..

Allan Baker - Societe GeneraleTargeted report: Financing Large Scale IntegratedCCS Demonstration Projects

Report issued May 1, 2014 by GCCSI-SocieteGenerale

http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-

demonstration-projects

Available Financing Sources

http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projectshttp://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/targeted-report-financing-large-scale-integrated-ccs-demonstration-projects

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Available Financing Sources

Fi i l I tit ti d Th i R l

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Financial Institutions and Their Role

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Considerations

Risk: project, market, political, regulatory, permitting Complexity of project to be funded

Term contracted off-take agreements

Lack of familiarity by institutions of the CCUS value

chain Geographic

Resource access: Water, power, markets for output

Competitive landscape: water, power, land,

alternatives.. Technology: first of kind vs. off the shelf

Project Team

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Questions & Thank You!

Michael E. Moore

VP Energy Commodities and Advisory Services

FearnOil Inc. (a division of Astrup-Fearnleys)

www.fearnleys.com

Executive Director

North American Carbon Capture Storage Association

www.naccsa.org

mmoore@fearnoil.com Tel: 281-759-0245

http://www.fearnleys.com/http://www.naccsa.org/mailto:mmoore@fearnoil.commailto:mmoore@fearnoil.comhttp://www.naccsa.org/http://www.fearnleys.com/