Consideration of Different Features of Photovoltaic...

Philippe Steinbusch | Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Zdrallek | Chair of Power System Engineering

7th Solar Integration Workshop 1



University of Wuppertal

Chair of Power System Engineering

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Zdrallek

Research Group:

Smart Grids and Smart Systems

Philippe Steinbusch (Research Assistant)

7th Solar Integration Workshop

Consideration of Different Features of Photovoltaic

Power Plants for an Efficient Integration in a Smart

Distribution Grid Future

Distribution Grids Future

Distribution Grids

Smart Grid System Smart Grid System

Grid State Identification


Photovoltaic Influence


Further Influence Further Influence





Changes in the distribution grid

New challenges

Increase of decentralized and renewable energy supply

Volatile infeed

Dependent on the power supply (sun, wind,…)

Peak and zero hours in the power supply

Increase of “new” load situations

Electro mobility

Heat pump

New load devices / behaviour

Capacity limits

Utility overload

Voltage boundaries

EN 50160

Future Distribution Grids












Predicament Smart Grid vs. Grid expansion

Problem: Grid capacity bottleneck

Conventional grid expansion measures

Smart Grid

Solution: Intelligent grid expansion

Substitution

Technology Options: Ancillary Services Smart Outage Management Smart Market Condition Monitoring

Additional features

Technical and economical benefits













Low voltage Smart Grid System


State estimation

Identification of critical situations

Intelligent Grid Control

Actuator selection

Set point specification

Substation

Cable distribution cabinet

Ethernet-based communication infrastructure

Sensor: Um, Im, Pm, Qm, cos φm

(m ϵ [L1, L2, L3] : Phase)

Decentralized grid

monitoring

Self-sustaining control

of voltage and power

(controlled)

Transformer

Combination of Sensor and Actuator

Data

preparationGrid data

(GIS)

Network Operator

Topology

models

Control

center

Capacity lights

GPRS/

UMTS

PV-Gateway Future

Distribution Grids Future

Distribution Grids











Power distribution









Calculating the district power

Measurement of adjacent sensors

Reference PV

Determination of the power

distribution

Linear

End concentration

Start concentration

Probability of distribution

1 2 3 4

5

l l l l l

0

SensorSensor





Difference of Reference PV and considered PV









Scaling factor

Installed power

Different infeed characteristic

Inclination and orientation angle

Shading situation of PV

Inclination angles (with clouds) Orientation angles (without clouds)





Error by neglecting the diverge PV characteristics









Reduction of the grid state identification error

Inclination angle is negligible

Further dependencies are present

Grid state identification:

without orientation angle with orientation angle





Improvement by consideration of Smart Meter Data









Increasing accuracy with a band of error (no need for power distribution)

15 min average can be used also with an improvement

With an increasing penetration the grid state identification gets obsolete

Same effect is available by an increasing number of measurement

Smart Meter Data in future available





Conclusion

Grid State Identification is with an acceptable inaccuracy possible

Different power distributions increase the accuracy

PV plants can be considered by a reference system

Orientation angle is very important

Further dependencies are negligible

Inaccuracy is present

Load characteristics

Measurement errors

Smart Meter Data can improve the accuracy

Smart Meter Data helps to monitor the grid state

Privacy and safety issues are a problem for the use of data













Thank you for your Attention!

Questions?

Philippe Steinbusch, M.Sc.

(Research Assistant)

University of Wuppertal

Chair of Power System Engineering

Rainer Gruenter-Str. 21

42119 Wuppertal

[email protected]

http://www.evt.uni-Wuppertal.de

Consideration of Different Features of Photovoltaic...

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