Consideration and Expectation of Next Generation Broadcasting Systems in China

Dazhi He

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

hedazhi@sjtu.edu.cn

The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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4

Traditional TV Broadcast System

Application: TV programsTransmission:

Broadcasting Network

Show: Television

Television——Source Coding+Broadcast Transmission

Television Program——Application layer

MPEG-TS——Link layer

DVB/ATSC/ISDB/DTMB——Physical layer

Digital TV Station

Other data source

Coding,

modulation

and emission

Satellite Broadcasting

Wireless Broadcasting

Wired Broadcasting

Set-top boxes

and monitors

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Growth of Audio and Video Traffic

Audio and video data will be4.2 times more than non-audio and non-video data in2025. HDTV, Live TV and ARVRwill be the killer applications.

Internet traffic rises by about10-100 times from 2020 to2030 with 54% annual growthrate.

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The Characteristics of Wireless Video Services

Audio and video data traffic will

increase exponentially;

Video applications will be diversified.

Low latency

High capacityDiversity

Media network should possesshigh capacity, low latency andhigh robustness.

video75%

Live video60%

social10%

else8.5%

website1%

Audio1%

File sharing1%

App download3%

Record video

Others4.8%

Cisco: video data will form the majority of future data traffic（about 75%）

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Bottlenecks of Wireless Audio and Video Services

Spectrum efficiency increases by about 2 times per 5 years.

Massive MIMO

High Density Cellular Network

Multi Access Technology

Wider Spectrum

Source compression abilityincreases by about 2-3 timesper 5 years.

H.265

Only 20% of the growth comes from algorithm improvement

There is no significant breakthrough to overcome thebottleneck of wireless media transmission.

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Comparison of Two Solutions

Mobile internet

Personalized service

Recommendation

User Behavior Analysis

Cooperation interaction

Broadcasting network

UHDTV/VR/AR

App

5GNew resources development

Improve service quality

Supports personalized, diversified, fragmented video services

Scarce resources, high construction costs.

Cooperative transmission

Resource optimization

Improve service experience

Meet requirement of high-quality video and personalized video on-demand.

Can't provide fragmented service on demand.

Massive live video

applications

Limited wireless transmission

capacity

The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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Schedule of 5G NR Standardization

2014 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5G

commercial use

First-edition

5G Standard

2015

IMT-2020 Requirement

IMT-2020 ProposalIMT-2020 Technical

specification

Rel -13Rel -12 Rel -14 Rel -15 Rel -16

5G First

Stage

5G Second

Stage

5G

Research5G

Evolution

LTE-Advanced LTE-A Pro

ITU: 5G technology solutions were launched in the second half of 2017, and 5G standard will be set up

in 2020

3GPP: The first edition of 5G standard R15 will be released at the mid of 2018. In 2019, the second

edition of 5G standard (standalone) R16 is expected to be completed.

Full-edition 5G

standard

Rel -17

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Brand New Spectrum Allocation and Bandwidth Extension

5G incorporates n77，n78，n79，n257，n258 and n260 bands

The maximum bandwidth of 5G is

increased from 20MHz to 100MHz on C-

band and 400MHz on Millimeter Wave.

Use more advanced technologies, such

as Filter-OFDM to reduce the guard

band of adjacent spectrum).

Reduce the implementation complexity

of mobile terminals and support global

roaming.

470M-790M

800M-900M 2.3G-2.6G 3.5G 6G – 100G

1.8G-2.1G

Current Spectrum

High Frequency

5G Spectrum

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Uplink and Downlink Decoupling

Lower spectrum (1.8G) can be used for NR uplink transmission, which can extend the coverage of Uplink transmission.

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Flexible Numerology

Numerology referring to subcarrier interval, symbol duration and CP length canbe extended flexibly.

The subcarrier interval of NR can be set as 15*(2^m) kHz，m ∈ {-2, 0, 1, ..., 5}， which indicates that the subcarrier interval can be set as 3.75kHz、7.5kHz、15kHz、30kHz、60kHz、120kHz...（shown as follows）

Multiple frame lengths can be achieved by combining various parameters (Numerology).

Sub-frame Length[ms]

Subcarrier interval

[kHz]

Symbol Length[us]

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Non-standalone NR physical Layer—— Flexible air interface

Mini-Slot (about 40us) is mainly used in ultra high reliability and low latency (URLLC) application scenarios.

PSS（Primary Synchronization Signal）SSS（Secondary Synchronization Signal）

The frame structure consists of two parts: the fixed part and the flexible part

Synchronization signal design

Fixed structure

Flexible structure according to

subcarrier interval

Subcarrier

Interval

PBCH

Subcarrier

Number

PBCH

Bandwidth

Minimum

Channel

Bandwidth

15 288 4.32 MHz 5 MHz

30 288 8.64 MHz 10 MHz (ffs)

60 288 17.28 MHz 20 MHz (ffs)

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Capacity Growth with Massive MIMO

In consideration of forward compatibility

System implementation is flexible

unified design for High and low frequencyDesign Guidelines

5G NR M-MIMO is generally consistent with LTE ,

but high flexibility is taken into consideration

Massive MIMO

Pre 5G

64 Antennas

5G

4G

8 Antennas

4G

8channels 64channels

Average throughput increase by 3-5 timesEdge throughput increase by 4-6 times

D-MIMO

35th floor

5th floor

Beamforming and 3D MIMO

The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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Demand for mobile video gradually exceeds traditional digital television

mil

lio

n

Online video

Digital Television

Mobile video

Growth of UHD video

exab

yte

s/m

on

th

UHD video (1.6%,20.7%)

HD video (56.5%53.0%)

SD video (41.9%,26.3%)

Interactive Media Transmission Network based on Cooperative Transmission

Integrate the resources of one-way broadcast network and bidirectional

communication network to provide better media services to users.

Internet Needs Broadcast Network forhigh-throughput and low-latency traffic offloading

Broadcast Network Needs Internet forpersonalized and enhanced information service

“DTTB and Mobile Broadband Networks”Cooperative Transmission

Spectrum Constraint

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Service of DTTB and Mobile Communication Network in Various frequency bands

Frequency Characteristics

470—794MHz for DTTB services, and 800MHz above for mobile communication services .

1.7GHz

960MHz

470MHz

2.7GHzGSM, 3G, 4G and LTE services by MNO. The 2.4GHz spectrum is used for WLAN services.

30GHz

300GHz5G millimeter wave communication

for ultra-broadband services.

Coverage

SignalAttenuation

Available Frequency

Very small

Verystrong

Verywide

larger Strong Wider

Verylarge

Veryweak

smaller

Therefore, the UHF band is most suitable for network convergence.

Spectrum Allocation Spectrum for Convergence

Large amount of

applications are

carried out in

lower spectrum by

mobile network

and DTTB

network.

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million

first-tier

cities

second-tier

cities

third-tier

cities

fourth-tier

cities

Urbanization in New Era and 700MHz Frequency Band

Home business starts to increase year by year.The urbanization is in progress.

700M frequency is especially suitable for 5~10km service coverage.

5~10km

urbanization percentage(%)

Number of migrant workers

Percentage of migrant workers

going out (%,right)

The informatization construction of small cities and towns is promising.

population

density

<100/km2

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Advanced Interactive Broadcast (AIB) WG in China

State Administration of Radio and Television (SART)

Department of Science & Technology Division

Government body

Academy of Broadcasting Science (ABS)

Institute of TV Technology

Public institution

China Broadcasting Network Co. Ltd. (CBN)

Division of Network Technology

Enterprise

Organization Framework

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Scenarios

On the move Hotspot

Country side & Rural areaIn home

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Use Cases

Linear & on-demand videoRemote live production

& Video surveillant

Virtual OperatorsQuiz show & On-line gaming

Broadcasters OTTMobile

Operator

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Network Architecture

• Dynamic spectrum sharing

• hybrid waveform• Air interface resource

dynamic scheduling• Flexible duplex• Mobility HO/ Pattern HO

Converge – HPHT & LPLT, Mobile & Broadcast

Smart – traffic & resource management

AF

AMF SMF

PCF UDM

N6

NRFNEF

N3

N2

N4

AUSF

Nausf Namf Nsmf

NpcfNnrfNnef NudmNaf

NSSF

Nnssf

BBSF UPF

Nbbsf Nsef

MCF

Nmcf

CDCF

Broadcast front-end system

IP Network

• Shared core network/ transmission network

• SDN• NFV

• Big Data analysis• Service scheduling• Content delivery• Intelligent

recommendation• Content coding• Protocol adaptation

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Plan of AIB

Strategy Support mobile and broadcast convergence in 5G

Point-to-Point: 5G standard

Point-to-Multipoint: innovation to meet Broadcasters’ requirements and converged into 5G

Roadmap ~2020, publication of standards, evaluation

2020~2022, trail/small scale deployment

2022~2025, large scale deployment

Spectrum resource 700MHz

The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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Key Enablers for the Hybrid DTTB and 5G Network

Service

Provider

OTT server or

base station

Linear content

Unicast

Control

Return channel

Text Audio

VideoApp

Unity

Cache

computing

Nonlinear content

1. Compatible physical

layer design

2. Intelligent computing

and caching

3. Unified

encapsulation

4. Cooperation and

Resource allocation

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Key Enabler 1: Advanced Physical Layer Design with High Compatibility

DTTBframe

5G frame

Time-multiplexed signal

Common wake-up signal indicating system information

AC B C AB

504 sT 504 sT

520 sT 520 sT

Symmetric time-domain structure

System indicator with high robustness

NU-QAM

High Complexity

drawbacks Mobile terminal

solutionMathematics based design

Complexity reduction

Axial design

with one dimension

Demapperwith

reduced dimension

Broadcast code

CompatibleLDPC code

design

5G LDPC

DTTBLDPC

Joint design

complexityreduction

Compatible LDPC Code Design

Constellation design with low complexity

Common wake-up signal for 5G and DTTB system

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Key enabler 2: Unified Media Encapsulation for Heterogeneous Networks

Personalized service(5G)Enhanced/Immersive

experience (Broadcast and 5G)Public service

(Broadcast)

…

Resource pool

Multi-source content Unified Encapsulatoin Popularity

prediction

User

features

Semantic

understanding

Network

recongnition

Service #1 Service #N-1 Service #N

5G base

station5G base

station

Storage and delivery Storage and delivery

Intelligent Analysis

Cooperative transmissionby hybrid DTTB and 5Gnetwork

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Key Enabler 3: Intelligent Caching for Heterogeneous Networks

Broadcast、Delivery、Caching

Modular content(Diversification）

PublicPopular APP update

User 1 （19:00pm) User 2 (2:48am)

Package1

Unicast

Package2 Package3

Share

WeChat Group

Service reconstruction Personalized service

Converged network

Capability of 8 MHz DTTB system：1.4 terabit data rate each day (16 Mb/sec ×3600 sec × 24 hours)，amounting to 140 movies or 500,000 songs。

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Key enabler 4: Cooperative Transmission and Resource Allocation

Objectives Strategy

Spectrumefficiency,NetworkThroughputCongestion

DSP，Machine learning,Convexoptimization, Gametheory

Cooperation Functionality

Macro/microstations,broadcast towers,MEC/CDN

Content delivery，Mobilitymanagement，Roaming

Broadcast

tower

Macro cell

Popular area

MEC

Indoor

Micro

cell

Time

Resource

Spectrum

Resource

Infrastructure

Resource

Performance/Bidding

Control center

Smart engine Smart engine

Outdoor

The trends of future media network

Key technologies of 5G new radio

Opportunity for cooperation of DTTB and 5G networks

Key enablers for the cooperative DTTB and 5G network

Conclusion

Content

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Future media network claims demanding requirements including

high capacity, rich diversity, high reliability, and low latency.

A cooperative network including interactive broadcast system

provides a lower-cost solution to overcome the bottleneck

compared with Next-gen mobile communication network.

Future media network is an intelligent cooperative network

characterized by compatible physical layer, unified media

encapsulation, Intelligent caching and resource optimization.

Conclusion

THANK YOU!

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