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CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Made By: kanwaljeet kaur

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Deforestation and its causes Consequences of deforestationConservation of forest and wildlife

Endemic speciesBiosphere reservesWildlife sanctuaryNational parkMigration Reforestation

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Deforestation And Its Causes

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Deforestation means clearing of forests and using that land for other purposes. Trees in the forest are cut for

some of the purposes mentioned below:Procuring land for cultivationBuilding houses and factories

Making furniture or using wood as fuel

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Effects of deforestation

• Soil erosion destruction-Soils (and the nutrients in them) are exposed to the sun’s heat. Soil moisture is dried up, nutrients evaporate and bacteria that help break down organic matter are affected. Eventually, rain washes down the soil surfaces and erosion takes place. Soils never get their full potential back.

• Water Cycle-When forests are destroyed, the atmosphere, water bodies and the

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water table are all affected. Trees absorb and retain water in their roots. A large part of the water that circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests remains inside the plants. Some of this moisture is transpired into the atmosphere. When this process is broken, the atmosphere and water bodies begin to dry out. The watershed potential is compromised and less water will runs through the rivers. Smaller lakes and streams that take water from these larger water bodies dry up

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• Loss of Biodiversity-Many wonderful species of plants and animals have been lost, and many others remain endangered. More than 80% of the world's species remain in the Tropical Rainforest. It is estimated that about 50 to 100 species of animals are being lost each day as a result of destruction of their habitats, and that is a tragedy.

• Climate Change

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• Many beautiful creatures, both plants and animals have vanished from the face of the earth.

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• Climate Change-Plants absorb Carbon Dioxide CO2 (a greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere and uses it to produce food (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees). In return, it gives off Oxygen. Destroying the forests mean CO2 will remain in the atmosphere and in addition, destroyed vegetation will give off more CO2 stored in them as they decompose. This will alter the climate of that region. Cool climates may get a lot hotter and hot places may get a lot cooler.

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Consequences Of Deforestation

Deforestation increases the temperature and pollution level on the earth. It increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Ground water level also gets lowered.

Deforestation disturbs the balance in nature. If cutting of trees continues, rainfall and the fertility of the soil will decrease.

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Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will be used up resulting in its increased amount in

the atmosphere. This will lead to global warming as carbon dioxide traps the heat rays reflected by the

earth.

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The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause

droughts.

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Fewer trees result in more soil erosion. Removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard

and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into

deserts. It is called desertification.

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Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from the soil surface into the ground is reduced. So, there are

floods.

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Conservation Of Forest And Wildlife

To protect our flora and fauna and their habitats, protected areas called sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves have been

earmarked.Plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling

trees , hunting and poaching are prohibited there.

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PLEASE CONSERVE FOREST

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Endemic Species

Endemic species are those species of plants and

animals which are found exclusively in a particular

area. They are not naturally found anywhere else. A

particular type of animal or plant may be endemic to a zone, a state or a country.

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Siberian TigerIt is found in some Asian countries.

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Black Rhinoceros Horn

Black rhinoceros horn is found in East Africa.

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Snow Leopard The snow leopard is found only in coniferous forest

scrub and mountain steppe regions of the Himalayas and surrounding areas. It is considered an

endangered species.

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Giant Rafflesia Flower The Giant Rafflesia is the largest flower in the world, weighing up to 7 kg and measuring up

to 91 cm wide. It is found in rain forests of Malaysia and Indonesia.

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Okapi The okapi, a member of the giraffe family, lives a secluded life deep in the rain forests of eastern Africa.

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Biosphere ReservesBiosphere reserves are the areas meant for conservation of

biodiversity. The biosphere reserves help to maintain the biodiversity and culture of that area.

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Wildlife Sanctuary

Wildlife sanctuaries provides protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals. In the sanctuaries killing

(poaching) and hunting of animals are strictly prohibited.

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National Park

Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.

Gir National Park.

It is situated in Gujarat.

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Kanha National Park It is situated in Madhya Pradesh.

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Many birds fly to far away areas every year during a particular time because of climatic changes. They fly for laying eggs as the weather in their natural habitat becomes very cold and

inhospitable. Birds who cover long distances to reach another land are known as migratory birds.

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ReforestationReforestation is an important component of the cycle of growing, harvesting, and regenerating our forests. State law also requires it. Landowners may harvest trees as a routine part of their management. They may also choose to salvage trees that have been damaged from wildfire, wind, insects,disease, or other factors.

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The Oregon Forest Practice Act requires landowners to reforest after logging if tree stocking levels are below the standards set in the rules. These requirements apply after any type of harvest.

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