Conservation Management Issues in Extractive Industries.pptx

7/28/2019 Conservation Management Issues in Extractive Industries.pptx

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EXTRACTIVE

INDUSTRIES IN MFCA(Conservation mgt Issues, & National challenges)

DISCUSSION WITH AFRICAN CENTRE FOR MEDIAEXCELLENCY TEAM ON

29th July 2011

BY: Ghad Mugiri

Senior Warden -Environmental Compliance & impact monitoring (Oil exploration)


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Outline

Fact sheet About MFCA and general UWA functions

What is oil? Attributes of oil/gas exploration

General environmental challenges in Uganda Environmental challenges related to oil & gas

Management of oil exploration (principles)

Current impacts Way forward (Discussion/debate)


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Are you aware that ..

Uganda the Pearl of Africa Spectacular snow-capped peaks at equator Tropical rainforests, open savannah

ecosystems supporting a high diversity of

habitats, species and ecological processes. 10 National Parks, 12 Wildlife Reserves, 13

wildlife sanctuaries and 5 Community WildlifeAreas

About 70 percent of all national parks andwildlife reserves lie within the western arm ofthe Great Rift Valley

A number of forest reserves also lie within this

rift


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Uganda A Biodiversity HotSpot Over5 Ecological Zones of

Africa converge on Uganda. Far

much higher compared to otherCountries on the AfricanContinent

Over53% of the MountainGorillas in the world

Over1,000 Bird species

(over10% ofGlobal Diversity)

Of1500 bird species in EastAfrica, 72% are found in Uganda

Host to over7% ofGlobalMammal Species Diversity

Where the world becomes Alive


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The Murchison Falls

Gazetted in 1952, Murchisonon FallsNational Park is the largest national

park in Uganda.

Ccovering an area of 3877 sq. kms

Main representation of the Sudanianregional centre of endemism in East

Africa.

Important Bird Areas - Delta areaRamsar SiteBuligi peninsula andDelta area


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MURCHISON FALLS NP


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The unique Murchison Falls

last viable breedingpopulations of Nile crocodileand Rothschild's giraffe inUgandaThe Murchison Falls are

unquestionably the greatestand most dramatic feature inthe region manifesting theworks of the Great Rift valleyThe breeding areas for the

regionally endemic shoebilland the saddle-bill stork


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Rothschild's giraffe near one of the oil well in Buligi circuit


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Implementation of UWA statutory functions (Departments)

In an attempt to ensure accomplishment of thefunctions;

Law enforcement Resource protection

Community Conservation Park-communityrelations

Tourism Visitor services and guidance

Research & Monitoring resource inventory

Support services

Accounts and administration

Engineering services (Civil & Mechanical)


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Over 70% of oil wells in PAs

Exploration wells

1. Waki B-1 1938

2. Turaco-1 2002

3. Mputa-1 2006

4. Waraga-1 2006

5. Nzizi-1 2006

6. Kingfisher-1 2006

7. Ngassa-1 2008

8. Taitai-1 2008

9. Ngege-1 2008

10. Karuka-1 2008

11. Kigogole-1 2008

12. Kasamene-1 2008

15. Ngiiri-1 2008

16. Jobi-1 2008

17. Rii-1 2008

18. Nsoga-1 2009

19. Awaka-1 2009

20. Iti-1 2009

21. Wahrindi-1 2009

22. Ngara-1 2009

Appraisal wells

23. Turaco-2 2003

24. Turaco-3 2004

25. Mputa-2 2007

26. Mputa-3 2007

27. Mputa-4 2007

28. Nzizi-2 2007



31. Karuka 2009

32. Mputa -5 2009

33. Kigogole-3 2009

34. Nzizi 3 2010

35. Ngassa-2 2009

36. Mpyo1 2010

35. Mpyo 3 2011

36. Ngagi 2010

37. Warthog 2 2010

38. Jobi East 1 2011

39. Jobi 2 2011

40. Jobi East 5 2011

41. Gunya 2011

42. Ngege D 2011


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National Parks & Wildlife Reserves in the

Oil Exploration areas in Uganda

1 AJAI WILDLI FE RESE RVE

2 MURCHISION FALLS NATIONAL PARK

3 KARUMA WILDLIFE RESERVE

4 BUGUNGU WILDLIFE RESERVE

5 TOORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE

10

KYAMBURA WILDLIFE RESERVE

6 SEMLIKI NATIONAL PARK

7 RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK

8 KIBAALE FOREST NATIONAL PARK

9 QUEEN ELIZABETH NATIONAL PARK

I I I I

LIST OF GAMEPARKS AND GAME RESERVES

1 AJAI WILDLIFE RESERVE

2 MURCHISION FALLS NATIONAL PARK

3 KARUMA WILDLIFE RESERVE

4 BUGUNGU WILDLIFE RESERVE

5 TOORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE

6 SEMLIKI NATIONAL PARK

7 RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK

8 KIBAALE FOREST NATIONAL PARK

9QUEEN ELIZABETH NATIONAL PARK

LIST OF GAMEPARKS AND GAME RESERVES


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Why should UWA be involved

Oil exploration is taking place in wildlifeprotected areas (UWA estate)

Out of 22 PAs oil is believed to occur inabout 11 PAs (table)

Overlap and in sensitive ecosystems Oil exploration and production activities

result into impacts that interfere with wildlife

management Oil exploration and production may interfere

with tourism activities
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Oil exploration sites MFNP


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What is oil?

It is a hydro-carbon/Petroleum - a fossilfuel and non-renewable energy

It is also called crude oil

It is called fossil fuel because it wasformed from the remains of tiny sea plantsand animals that died millions of years ago

It is called a non-renewable energysource - it takes millions of years to form


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Oil expl and wildlife

The petroleum products ( gasoline, fertilizer,insecticide, medicine, Detergents, deodorantsetc,) have helped people all over the world-

Transport, industry, electricityBut there is a trade-off!

Both the petroleum production process

and petroleum products impact onwildlife behaviour, ranging patterns,digestion systems hence affecting other

natural processes


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The Oil / Petroleum Products

Ink Heart valves

Crayons

Parachutes

Enamel

Antiseptics

Purses Deodorant

Panty hose

Oil filters

Pajamas

Cassettes

Fishing rods Electrical tapes

Floor wax

Tires

Hand lotion Toot brushes

Guitar strings

Movie film

Sunglasses

Glue

Artificial limbs Ball point pen

Golf balls

Contact lens

Dice

Trash bags

Shampoo Cameras

Nail polish

Dash boards

DVDs Balloons

Paint brushes

Foot balls

Dyes

Antihistamines

Skis Perfumes

Shoe polish

Insecticides

cold cream

Detergents

Gasoline Kerosene


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Environmental Challenges

Modernization Pressures to use Genetic material Resource Utilization Dumping

Electronic-Waste (E-Waste) Equipment

Climate Change Rainfall and flooding

Drought Lightening???

The health of Water bodies pollution silting

Re-invasion of rivers and lakes by water weeds Population pressure Discoveries (new)

Uranium Oil and Gas


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Environmental challenges Operations being carried out in sensitive ecosystems

Potential/rather perceived disruption of the tourismindustry

Drill waste management and disposalneed for aconsensus for consumer products

Interrupted /inadequate restoration (well re-entering,EWT)

Un-documented baseline for existing natural

resources Poorly developed EIAs, hence poor EMP that is not

practical

Ensuring effective and efficient compliance

monitoring


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Operations in sensitive ecosystems


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All wild animals-potentially dangerous

They are disturbed (noise, heavy humantraffic)

Flight distance is not observed (usually

hippos, elephants and buffalo) Naturally are defensive in approach when

injured or/and their life threatened)

They are protective of the young ones(likelionesses and elephants)

May be a real accidents


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If home range disturbed.

Becoming aggressive leading to harm oreven kill

Change their raging patterns

Change their breeding patterns - smallpopulation that cannot control the habitat.

Therefore leading to habitat transition. Disturbance is a stress agent andtherefore cause diseases to occur

Can cause extinction of species


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Sensitive wildlife ecosystems

Wild animals manage home ranges

Core area (food, mate/breeding grounds,water, concealments.

Dispersal areas

Resting areas


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Wildlife has the right of way

When you meet animals- STOP and allowthem to pass

Noise DO NOT shout and chase awayanimals

Hooting DO NOT hoot (Sound a horn) inthe Park

Avoid over speeding (Max. speed limit is40Km/hour)


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DO NOT..

Fire- changes the habitat compositioncausing non-palatable vegetation to growand this affects animal population.

Burn plastics-chemical agents calledDIOXINS which disrupt the ozone layer

Habituations of wild animals

Litter-Litter is unsightly in the environment Contaminates the environment (Pollution)

Causes disease outbreak if not handledproperly-degradable waste


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Contd

Do NOT drive off the tracks

Mgt limits night travels

Camp at designated campsites Fire arms and ammunitions are prohibited

in the Park


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LJ 26

Land-take & Access Footprint of camp and operations

100mx100m, 500x500m (10-25yrs?)

Vegetation clearance; disturbance & relocationof wildlife; temporary to permanent

Access: roads, barges, airstrips Opens up previously closed areas

Invitation to increasing traffic

Lack of effective culverting around drill sites

Need for restoration post-operations


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Buseruka hydro-power dam under construction-KWR


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LJ 28

Impacts on communities

Population influx: fishing villages grown, workwith seismic, construction and security firms

Land rights & compensation

Increasing population requires increasingresources - firewood, water supplies, hunting

Product transportation:

tanker fire incident - Sat 12th Jan, dozens dead(stolen fuel, police chase)

Pipeline: wealth passing by


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LJ 29

Noise & light issues

Drilling and production are 24hr operations

Associated community & wildlifedisturbance

Camp lights - terrestrial & marine species Roar from flaring

Compressed air gun detonation (seismic

survey) & acoustic resonation throughwater Its unclear how species are impacted and will

react to noise/vibration impacts


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LJ 30

Liquid discharges Mud components and chemicals added to water to aid

drilling As drilled hole gets deeper, more mud required

Formation water during drilling

Produced water from oil reservoir

Includes hydrocarbons, highly saline, heavy metal components, Volume can increases to 90% water-cut

Disposal to surface water, evaporation or soak-aways, or

Potential to re-inject into the reservoir to maintainpressure.zero discharge


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LJ 31

Solid wastes Drill bit penetration generates cuttings or rock brought up

through wellbore Sludge residue following waste water evaporation

Oil from testing not flared e.g. Waraga

Camp wastes

Disposal to . where? Avoid general dumping

Special wastes to incinerator at Nakasongola

Questions over capability & capacity to take types and volumes of wastes

anticipated


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LJ 32

Impacts from oil spills Additionalpressure on already pressured sensitive

environments Low energy lake environment

Seasonality important: Breeding, migration, germination

Heavy oil: organisms killed through smothering wetlands/marsh/mangrove decimation, sediments

Toxicity through ingestion by wildlife Implications for bioaccumulation through food chain

Contamination of fish & shellfish Concern regarding tainting of flesh, carcinogenic compounds Reality vs perception

Potential community food & export implications

S i i


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Seismic surveysPotential impacts Strategies

Vegetation clearing for camp Mandatory EIA and stringent

included in EIA

Foot print compliance monitoring with EIAprovisions

Habitat disturbance and home range Restoration clause by the company

Routine PA regulations apply including

speed limits

Ineffective restoration Sometimes tourist circuit closed

Population influx (casuals)

Usually covers wide area although fora short period

Ecologically friendly dynamite in shothole

Camp solid waste Waste management plan compulsoryand site specific


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Some of the impacts Impact on vegetation- clearing the vegetation at drill sites and camp

sites, result in loss of habitat for wildlife, loss of important plantspecies, expose soil resulting into soil erosion- minimise vegetation clearance as much as possible- restrict the devt in the agreed area- regenerate the site after activity

Impact on air quality- due to vehicles, dust, and other emissions

- sprinkle water during dry season- observe speed limit- ensure good maintenance of the vehicles

Solid and liquid wastedue to camp establishment- if not wellhandled, have a potential to pollute ground water

plastics garbage sewage toxic materials (used oil, fuel leakages, oil filters, containers) washing bays fuel spill


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Impacts

Solid waste- mitigation- litter in approved places- ferry the plastics and other non-biodegradablewaste out of the park

Human waste during the survey- this pollutes the habitatfor wildlife and may result in diseases- use mobile toilets

Disturbance and scare of animals due to presence ofpeople in the park- this may change their behavior and

disrupt their feeding and breeding habits and interferewith migratory routes.- keep a distance from wild animals- dont feed the wild animals


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Managementchallenges

specific to MFCA


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Direct effects of Illegal activities

Poaching- affects populations of wildlifeleading to extinctions

Cutting of trees and illegal collection offirewood, charcoal burning, pit sawing allcause changes in the habitat.

Influx of people into the Park.

Illegal entry into the Park is an offence andoffenders are liable to prosecution


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Major spots for illegal activities


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Illegal activities Contd

Night movements should be avoided - wildanimals are more active at night

Collection, possession transportation of

wildlife & wildlife products (plants, animals,trophies) is an offense

Aliens-some have poisonous chemicals whileothers suppress plant growth

Domestic animals share common diseasewith animals (anthrax, store diseasesreservoirs)


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Elephant poaching for ivory


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Good practices

Reporting and communication

Clean-ups an decommissioning

Comply with the approved EIA conditions Prompt response to oil spills

Transparency-self reporting

Observance of international standards

Challenges in managing


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Challenges in managing

Drill equipment at Ngaraa-


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Seismic surveys laying of Geo-phones along cut lines


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Opening up virgin areas


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Co- existence of tourism and

oil activities

Tourism is the main source of income forwildlife management

Anything that interferes with tourism therefore

interferes with wildlife management Tourist arrivals in the parks has been

increasing steadily

Tourists are interested in pristine nature ofthe Pas

How will UWA ensure that these activities aredone with minimal impacts to tourism?


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Tourists scramble to view a lion

Dead frogs, snake etc in waste pit at


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g , pNgassa 1mud pit

I t f ith l i


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Interference with large carnivores

S i l f ildlif id t ti iti


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Survival of wildlife amidst activities


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Advanced poaching skills


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A typical drilling site (above)

and mud pit (right)

Un restored well site with porous Watering grass at a restored


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fence at Karuka (Bugungu WR)

Site just restored atJobi 1 in MFNP

site


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Capacity building for UWA

staff


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Inadequate restoration of sites at Mputa (KWR) & Jobi (MFNP)


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Limited financial resources

Legal perspective-MFNP has a RAMSARsite (International reputation forconventions/treaties)

Monitor compliance- Increased field visits

- Increased demand for more staff

Develop alternative infrastructure New trails

New accommodation facilities


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Oil vehicles cue for the ferry

A it


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Angara site


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Attitude

High expectations from local people andpoliticians

Negative attitude of local people towards

PAs prefer oil than protected areas

Negative reporting from the press (haveno correct information)

Press releases and incorrect information

Reactive responses for routine PA mgtissues-elephant crop raiding


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Improved green burner

still with incompletecombustion

Oil spills even after improved burner in Mputa 5

S i i


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Security issues

Wild fire outbreaks-potential hazard@ well-head (pressure/blowouts)

Spills that are considered minor

The military presence to providesecurity for oil installations

Areas prone to terrorism attacks

Communities still regard the park astheir source of food

Disguised terrorists seeking for jobs

Ongoing programs activities


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Ongoing programs activities

Daily compliance monitoring at active drill sites- Ranger

deployment with check list Managing sub-contractorsinduction trainings bi-weekly)

Ecological monitoring at four (4) selected sites (Jobi E1,J2, JE5 and JE4)

Training of oil emergency spill response teams and otherregular refresher on-job training

Study commissioned by UWA to study impacts of oilexploration on tourism

Draft guidelines (awaiting BOT)

Perceived problem elephants (four herds collared tomonitor home range) and lions

GMP review kick-started for MFNP and KWR
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UWA staff rescue a giraffe from a snare

UWA Vet staff rescue lion from


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UWA Vet staff rescue lion fromsnare

All i l i ti iti


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All inclusive activities

UWA St ff tt ti t t ff fi ll


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UWA Staff attempting to put off fire manuallynear an oil well head

Other administrative challenges


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Other administrative challenges

Reduction of traffic for oil company visa vi

international standards

Transition priorities (e.g Heritage-Tullow-Total)

Confidentiality of business programs

Opened drill pads that are not restored

Sourcing of murram

Manpower issues

Non-compliance to laws


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Non-compliance to laws

Fines, penalties and deterrent punishments

Off-track driving- $ 150 per vehicle

Over speeding U.Shs. 100,000 per vehicle per offence

Accident fees for animal kills - $ 500

Illegal entry into the Park - $ 50

Specimen collection - $ 50per kilogram

Liquid samples - $ 50 per litre

Hooting

Driving after 7.00pm and before 6.00am Introduction of alien species

Likely illegal activities e.g poaching, firewood collection

Finally


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Finally

More time to understand impacts of oil and

gas exploration in sensitive wildlife area. UWA policy is that the two can co-exits

once EIA conditions complied with.

Stakeholders roles consciously androutinely implemented.

Potential for increased revenues from

Tourism and authentic values are still validventures.

As we move into Devpt & production,

Conservation Management Issues in Extractive Industries.pptx

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