Chapter 16 section 2CONQUEST AND COLONIES

EncomiendaHerman CortezConquistadorMontezuma II

Francisco Pizzaro

Atahualpa Viceroys

Bartolome de Las CasasTreaty of Tordesellas

KEY TERMS

Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements

Did not find much goldEcomienda –colonist given land and native Americans They work the land for him

Had to teach them Christianity

Basis for all Spanish settlements

SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE

OverworkMistreatment

Diseases spread by Europeans

No natural defensesMillions would die

SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE

Herman Cortex- led an expedition to MexicoEnded in conquest of

the Aztec EmpireConquistador-

conqueror term applied to Spanish military

leaders who fought the native peoples

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Montezuma II- Aztec leader

Was unpopular to the people he led

Cortez used the lack of popularity against himArrived at Tenochtitlan

with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a

translatorAdvantages of the Spanish

Metal weaponsHeavy armor

GunsFirst sight of horses

induced terror

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Disease kills thousandsNovember 8, 1519

Cortez enters MexicoTook emperor hostageMontezuma was killed

in a battleMonths of fighting

Cortez took the city and entire empire

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and

the IncasDisease (small pox) had killed the emperor and

many peopleCivil war had broken outAtahualpa-took over the empire just before the

Spanish arrived

THE CONQUEST OF PERU

Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish

Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn over his empire

Took Atahualpa prisonerKilled him after they were paid a ransom

Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire

THE CONQUEST OF PERU

Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge

empireViceroys- chosen by the

king to rule large areas in the kings name

Economy based on mining silver and goldSpanish drafted Native

Americans to work

LIFE IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE

Disease and mistreatment took its toll

Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million

left)Bartolome de Las Casas-seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as

labor

LIFE IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE

Signed a treaty early in the exploration

Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an

imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil)

Brazils jungles made mining difficult

THE PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL

1530’s colonists began to move in

Established huge farms and estates used Native

Americans then switched to African

slaves

THE PORTUGUESE ARRIVE IN BRAZIL

French had many colonies in Canada

(New France)Hoped to find silver

and gold, did notFound fish, furs

LynxOtterFox

Beaver sold for high prices

FRENCH, DUTCH, AND ENGLISH COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS

French did not send a large number of

colonistsOnly small groups of

tradersFrench did not enslave

Native AmericansNative Americans were the main source of furs

NEW FRANCE

Many French married Native Americans

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec

French explored the Mississippi

Thought it flowed to the Pacific ocean

La Salle claimed around Mississippi region

Called Louisiana after King Louis XIV

NEW FRANCE

Located on the Hudson River

1629 Governor bought Manhattan from Wappinger peopleNew Amsterdam

became New York CityFewer than 4,000

people in all of New Netherland

THE DUTCH OF NEW NETHERLANDS

Dutch more focused on colonies in other parts of

the worldThey were more

profitable because they got goods not available in Europe or the AmericasProduced sugar in the

CaribbeanSpices from Southeast

Asia

THE DUTCH OF NEW NETHERLAND

Did not set out to establish colonies

Jamestown the first colony in 1607

Hoped for silver and gold and route to the

Pacific1620’s Pilgrims sailed

to Plymouth because of religious persecution

THE ENGLISH COLONIES

Pilgrims were self sufficient in five years

Did not share same relationship with Native

Americans as the French and Dutch

Native Americans had helped the colonists

Colonists view Native Americans with distrust

or anger

THE ENGLISH COLONIES

Mid-1700’s British tried to settle in French

Territory(upper Ohio River Valley)

Tensions grew war broke out 1754

English and French both with Native American

help Called the French and

Indian War

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT

First war went badly for the British

French had more soldiers

British took QuebecFrench surrendered

gave up all land east of the Mississippi and

Canada

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT

British controlled more of North America

War was costlyEnglish King placed

cost of war on the Americans

Led to resentmentPlanted the seeds of the

revolution

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT