Connectors in RPD Final Seminar

8/21/2019 Connectors in RPD Final Seminar

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CONNECTORS IN

REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE

PRESENTED BYDR. SUKHJIT KAUR


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“No component of a Removable Partial

Denture should be added arbitrarily or

conventionally. Each component should

be added for a good reason and to

serve a denite purpose”.

- c!rac"en


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IntroductionChoosing one of the possible proe!"res for restoringp#rti#ll$ e!ent"lo"s #rh in%ol%es bor!er line!eisions.

If the rel#tionship bet&een the biologi beh#%io"r ofthe or#l str"t"res #n! the 'eh#ni#l in("ene of the!ent"re is reogni)e! &e #n pro%i!e # p#rti#l!ent"re.

The '#*or onnetor '#$ be o'p#re! &ith the fr#'eof #n #"to'obile or &ith the fo"n!#tion of the

b"il!ing.+#*or onnetor '"st be rigi!.

It is the !entist,s responsibilit$ to ens"re #ppropri#te!esign #n! f#bri#tion.


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CONNECTORS

The %#rio"s o'ponents ofre'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"res #reonnete! together b$ onnetors.Connetors #re !esribe! #s being

eitherA+#*or onnetors.

B. +inor onnetors


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Functions of connectors:

Joining the o'ponent p#rts of the !ent"retogether.

Contrib"te to the support of the prosthesis/ b$!istrib"tion of stresses #pplie! to the prosthesis.

The$ '#$ ontrib"te to the f"ntions of bracingand reciprocation

Contribute to retention of the prosthesis

Connetors resting on prep#re! !ent#l or 0r' or#ltiss"es pro%i!e indirect retention ( Connetorsth#t #re relie%e! fro' the "n!erl$ing tiss"es or lieon inline! s"rf#es !o not pro%i!e in!iretretention.1


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Classification#1 Aor!ing to the '#teri#ls2

+et#lli or non 'et#lli.

b1 Aor!ing to the rigi!it$2 Rigi! or nonrigi! 3stress bre#4ing11 Aor!ing to the !i'ensions2 B#r35

6''1/ str#p 3678''1 or pl#te3978''1.If # pl#te o%ers &hole of the p#l#te/ it ister'e! complete palatal plate.

!1 Aor!ing to the lo#tion2+#:ill#r$ or '#n!ib"l#r .


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Principles for design for majorconnectors:

;b#r or ;be#' priniple.

Cir"l#ron0g"r#tion.

Str"t on0g"r#tion.


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MAJOR CONNECTOR

DefinitionA '#*or onnetor is the o'ponent of

the p#rti#l !ent"re th#t onnets the p#rts

of the prosthesis lo#te! on one si!e of

the #rh &ith those on the opposite si!e.

It is th#t "nit of the p#rti#l !ent"re to

&hih #ll other p#rts #re !iretl$ or

in!iretl$ #tt#he!.


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Desirabe c!aracteristics of "a#or

connectors The '#*or onnetor sho"l! be rigi! toe


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Sho"l! not #lter the n#t"r#l onto"r ofthe p#l#t#l %#"lt or the ling"#l s"rf#eof the lo&er #l%eol#r ri!ge.

Sho"l! be noninterfering #n! non

irrit#ting to the tong"e.Sho"l! not interfere &ith speeh #n!phonetis.

Sho"l! not o%er 'ore tiss"e th#n

#bsol"tel$ neess#r$.Sho"l! be '#!e of # '#teri#lo'p#tible &ith the or#l tiss"es.


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Materias used for Ma#or connectors In #$%&' (rederic" )auptmyer / fro' >er'#n$!esribe! the proess #n! '#teri#l "se! inf#bri#tion of the fr#'e &or4. The '#teri#l

e'plo$e! s #n #llo$ of 766 t$pe 76?hro'i"' #n! 6? Ni4el. In #$%$ Erdle and Prange !e%elope! # tehni="e#s &ell #s #stings fro' hro'i"' ob#lt t"ngstent$pe of #llo$/ &hih s #lle! #s @it#lli"'.

In 7 #nother hro'i"'ob#lt #llo$ sp#tente! #n! '#r4ete! "n!er the n#'e of Tioni"'. D"ring the 'i! 8th ent"r$/ 8!i


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@#rio"s #llo$s th#t #n be "se! inonstr"ting re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"re

#re2

T$pe I@ gol! #llo$.

Ni4elhro'i"'.

Cob#lthro'i"'.

CoCrNi.

Tit#ni"' #n! its #llo$s.


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B#se 'et#l #llo$s h#%e rel#ti%el$ high el#sti'o!"l"s. This propert$ s"ggest th#t the

thi4ness of p#rti#l !ent"re fr#'e&or4s #n be

thinner th#n those of other 'et#ls.

The !"tilit$ of tit#ni"' is gre#ter th#n th#t ofthe others.

B#se 'et#l #llo$s h#%e higher h#r!ness

o'p#re! &ith tooth en#'el &hih #"ses in

%i%o &e#r.Allo$s for p#rti#l !ent"re fr#'e&or4s h#%e high

'elting points #n! the$ e:hibit high #sting

shrin4#ge &ith potenti#l for #sting !efets.


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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsSTRUCTURA; REUIRE+ENTS F +AGI;;ARY +AJRSTRUCTURA; REUIRE+ENTS F +AGI;;ARY +A JR

CNNECTRCNNECTR

Pl#e'ent of bor!ers 5'' fro' gingi%#l '#rgin

+et#l sho"l! not be highl$ polishe! on tiss"es"rf#e

Relief of '#*or onnetor gener#ll$ not re="ire!

Thi4ness of '#*or onnetor "nifor' thro"gho"tF"t"re loss of #!!ition#l teeth

Intern#le:tern#l 0nish lines

Tiss"e stops

be#!ing


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Criteria for selection of the maxillary major

connector

Rigi!it$

The Presene of P#l#t#l Tori

The Nee! for Anterior Tooth Repl#e'ent

The Re="ire'ent for In!iret Retention

The Nee! to St#bili)e e#4ene! Teeth

Phoneti Consi!er#tions

The +ent#l Attit"!e of the P#tient


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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsP#l#t#l b#rs single or o'bine!

P#l#t#l str#ps single or o'bine!

P#l#t#l pl#tes #nterior/ p#l#t#l#n! o'pletep#l#t#l pl#te


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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsSingle p#l#t#l b#r

Single p#l#t#l str#p

Ush#pe! p#l#t#l onnetor

Co'bin#tion #nteriorposterior p#l#t#lb#rs

Co'bin#tion #nterior #n! posteriorp#l#t#l str#pt$pe onnetor

P#l#t#l pl#tet$pe onnetor

Split '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor


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Sin&e Paata Bar Anterior2 ne%er "se! #lone/ F;AT rosssetion

5'' behin! gingi%#l '#rgin#nterior

teeth+i!!le2 in short bo"n!e! s#!!les/o'fort#ble/ inonspi"o"s. Pro%i!ess"pport #n! br#ing. F;AT rosssetion

Posterior2 bo"n!e! "nil#ter#l s#!!les/ 8n! pre'ol#r or 7st 'ol#r 'issing/ #t *n of h#r!#n! soft p#l#te or in line &ith 8n! 'ol#r

#lso pro%i!es in!iret retention in l#ss II#ses/ HA;F @A; rosssetion


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Sin&e Paata Bar less th#n 6 '' in &i!th

n#rro& h#lf o%#l

N#rro& #nterioposteriorl$

Thi4 ol"sogingi%#ll$37.1

P#l#t#l b#r ob*etion#ble

!"e to b"l4


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Indications

To repl#e one or t&o

teeth on e#h si!e of#rh #n! pl#e! nof"rther #nteriorl$ th#nthe seon! pre'ol#rposition. There '"stbe teeth #p#ble ofbe#ring #n #!!ition#llo#! both #nteriorl$#n! posteriorl$ to thee!ent"lo"s sp#e.

Contraindications

In !ist#l e:tension

sit"#tion #n! &hen#nterior teeth #re tobe repl#e!.


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Advantages

It #n be "se! in #ninteri' p#rti#l!ent"re "ntil #'ore !e0niti%etre#t'ent #n be

onsi!ere!.

Disadvantages

+ost !iL"lt for thep#tient to #!*"st #s to'#int#in the !egree ofrigi!it$/ it h#s to be '#!eb"l4$.

D"e its n#rro& #nterior

posterior &i!th/ it !eri%eslittle %erti#l s"pport fro'the bon$ p#l#te #n! '"stbe therefore s"pporte!positi%el$ b$ rests on there'#ining n#t"r#l teeth.


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Paata Stra'+ost %ers#tile therefore 'ost &i!el$ "se!.It onsists of # &i!e thin b#rrel of 'et#l th#trosses the p#l#te in #n "nobtr"si%e '#nner.

It sho"l! not be less th#n 6'' &i!e.

Us"#ll$ "se! for Cl#ss III M I@ #ses


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Paata Stra'Anterior palatal strap/ anterior palatal plate:Middle palatal strap: is the 'ost %ers#tile #n!&i!el$ "se! '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor

*ndications

#. Tooth borne #n! tooth #n! tiss"e borne "nil#ter#le!ent"lo"s sp#es for ross #rh st#bili)#tion.

b. +#$ be "se! for 'ost '#:ill#r$ toothborne p#rti#l !ent"res &hen posterior teeth #re'issing.

. +#$ be "se! for tooth-mucosa borne p#rti#l!ent"res &hen 'ini'#l p#l#t#l s"pport is re="ire!


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Posterior palatal strap: This is

b#si#ll$ # &i!e p#l#t#l b#r/ be#"seit is &i!er it '#$ be '#!e thinner/ itsho"l! be # 'ini'"' of 6 ''. in

&i!th/ #n! 7.'' thi4nessIn!i#te! in '#:ill#r$ "nil#ter#l

tooth borne RPDs of short sp#n.


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Advantages

Be#"se the p#l#t#l str#p is lo#te! in threepl#nes it o


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Disadvantages

The p#tient '#$ o'pl#in ofe:essi%e p#l#t#l o%er#ge. Thiso'pl#int fre="entl$ #n be tr#e! to i'properpositioning of the str#p bor!ers.

A!%erse soft tiss"e re#tion in thefor' of p#pill#r$ h$perpl#si#. Thison!ition is seen &hen the p#rti#l !ent"re is

&orn 8 ho"rs # !#$ #n! is nor'#ll$#o'p#nie! b$ poor or#l h$giene #n! poor #reof the prosthesis.


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Indications

Use! onl$ &hen 7 or 8 teeth #rebeing repl#e! on either si!e.

E!ent"lo"s sp#es #re tooth bo"n!Nee! for p#l#t#l s"pport is

'ini'#l.


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Paata Stra' (or Bar)Contraindications

Ne%er "se in #ses in%ol%ing!ist#l e:tensions or

repl#e'ent of #nteriorteeth sine it '"st be '#!eb"l4$ for rigi!it$Bon$ pro'inent 'i!p#l#t#l

r#phe Tor"s p#l#tin"s


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Structural Details

The p#l#t#l str#p sho"l! be '#!e &i!e #n!thin/ r#ther th#n n#rro& #n! thi4/ to #hie%ethe re="ire! rigi!it$ #n! to be #s inno"o"s #spossible to the tong"e.

The #nterior #n! posterior bor!ers of thestr#p sho"l! be lightl$ be#!e! to ens"reinti'#te ont#t &ith the '"os#/ e:epto%er h#r! str"t"res s"h #s # pro'inent'e!i#n r#phe or # tor"s p#l#tin"s.

Waing Speci!cation

An#to'i repli# p#ttern in 88 8 g#"ge/

'#tte pl#sti p#ttern.


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Anterior*Posterior Paata Stra'

+#:i'"' rigi!it$+ini'"' b"l4

Use in 'ost #ses

Espei#ll$ tor"s p#l#tin"s


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Parallelogram shaped

Rel#ti%el$ bro#!36 to 7 ''1 anterior andposterior p#l#t#l str#ps."ateral palatal straps 3O to ''1 n#rro& #n!p#r#llel to "r%e of #rh 'ini'"' of 5 '' fro'gingi%#l re%ies of re'#ining teeth or sho"l! e:ten!#bo%e the height of onto"r of the teeth

Anterior palatal strap#nterior bor!er positione! #s b#4 #s possible on the

r"g#e #re#/ not pl#e! f#rther #nteriorl$ th#n #nteriorrests #n! ne%er loser th#n5 '' to ling"#l gingi%#lre%ies follo&s the %#lle$s of the r"g#e #t right#ngles to the 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re.

Posterior bor!er if in r"g#e #re#/ follo&s %#lle$s ofr"g#e #t right #ngles to the 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re


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Posterior palatal connector

posterior bor!er lo#te! #t *"ntion of h#r! #n! soft p#l#tes #n!#t right #ngles to 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re #n! e:ten!e!to h#'"l#r noth #re#3s1 on !ist#l e:tension si!e3s1.

Advantages The lose! horseshoe is # rigi! onnetor th#t !eri%es goo!

s"pport fro' the p#l#te e%en tho"gh #n opening is pro%i!e! inthe p#l#te.

The orr"g#te! onto"r of the 'et#l o%er the r"g#e #!!sstrength to the onnetor #n! #llo&s the 'et#l to be '#!e

thinner. The irle e


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Anterior*Posterior Paata Stra'Indications:

Cl#ss I #n! II #rhes in &hih e:ellent #b"t'ent #n!resi!"#l ri!ge s"pport e:ists/ #n! !iret retention #n be

'#!e #!e="#te &itho"t the nee! for in!iret retention.;ong e!ent"lo"s sp#ns in Cl#ss II/ 'o!i0#tion 7 #rhes.

Cl#ss I@ #rhes in &hih #nterior teeth '"st be repl#e!&ith # re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"reInoper#ble p#l#t#l tori th#t !o not e:ten! posteriorl$ tothe *"ntion of the h#r! #n! soft p#l#tes.

In tooth borne/ #n! '"os# borne p#rti#l !ent"res &henrepl#e'ent of #nterior #n! posterior teeth is re="ire!.


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Contraindicationshen there is #n inoper#ble '#:ill#r$ tor"s

th#t e:ten!s posteriorl$ to the soft p#l#te. Inthis sit"#tion # bro#! Ush#pe! '#*or

onnetor '#$ be "se!.Waing speci!cationsAn#to'i repli# p#tterns or '#tte s"rf#e

for's of 88g#"ge thi4ness

Posterior p#l#t#l o'ponentQA str#p of 88g#"ge thi4ness/ 6 to 7'' &i!e 3# h#lfo%#lfor' of #ppro:i'#tel$ 5g#"ge thi4ness #n!&i!th1 '#$ #lso be "se!


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Anterior*Posterior Paata Bar

A n#rro& 3AP1 %#ri#tion of #nteriorposterior p#l#t#l str#p

Do"ble p#l#t#l b#r onnetor

Re="ires gre#ter b"l4 for rigi!it$


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The t&o b#rs '#$ be '#!e &i!er or thinner/ #s

!it#te! b$ the nee!s #n! the #%#il#ble sp#e/in the p#rti"l#r #se.

The (#t #nterior b#r is n#rro&er th#n the p#l#t#lstr#p. Its bor!ers #re positione! in the %#lle$s

bet&een the r"g#e/ ne%er on the r"g#e rests. The posterior b#r is h#lfo%#l/ si'il#r to thesingle posterior p#l#t#l b#r onnetor b"t lessb"l4$.

The t&o b#rs #re *oine! b$ (#t longit"!in#lele'ents on e#h si!e of the l#ter#l slopes ofthe p#l#te/ gi%ing irle ring on0g"r#tion

The t&o b#rs/ l$ing in !i


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Indications

&hen s"pport is not a '#*or onsi!er#tion #n! &hen the #nterior #n! posterior#b"t'ents #re &i!el$ sep#r#te!.

for the '#:ill#r$ #rh &hih h#s # tor"sp#l#tin"s th#t is either "n!er"t/lob"l#te!/ or too '#ssi%e to be o%ere!&ith # f"ll o%er#ge onnetor or # str#p.

The P#tients +ent#l Attit"!e2 The AP b#r'#$ be "se! #s # o'pro'ise for thep#tient &ho strongl$ ob*ets to thegre#ter b"l4 or #re# o%er#ge of the f"ll

p#l#t#l onnetor.


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ContraindicationsPeriodontall# $ea%ened remaining teeth.

should not be considered as a !rst choice for# '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor.

&hen # high narro$ vault is present be#"se the#nterior b#r &ill interfere &ith phonetis.

hen tor"s p#l#tin"s e:ten!s posteriorl$ to the *"ntion of h#r! #n! soft p#l#te.


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Anterior*Posterior Paata Bar

Advantages The '#in#!%#nt#ge of the#nteroposterior

p#l#t#l b#r is itsrigi!it$. Ino'p#rison to the#'o"nt of softtiss"e o%er#ge/ it

is b$ f#r the 'ostrigi! '#:ill#r$'#*or onnetor.

Disadvantages The #nteroposteriorp#l#t#l b#r is fre="entl$"no'fort#ble !"e to thee:tr# b"l4 of 'et#lnee!e! for the n#rro&b#rs. Also the '#n$bor!ers of the b#rs #re #n"is#ne be#"se thetong"e ten!s to nt toin%estig#te the'.

;ess s"pport fro' thep#l#te #s tiss"e ont#t isless.

+#$ interfere &ithspeeh espei#ll$ the#nterior b#r.


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Co"'ete Paata Pate

A p#l#t#l pl#te onnetor covers half or moreof the palatal surface.It is # "nifor'l$ sh#pe!/ thin pl#te repro!"ingthe #n#to'i onto"r of the p#l#te. It ish#r#teri)e! b$ &i!e p#l#t#l o%er#ge

ontrib"ting to '#:i'"' s"pport #n! retention/#lso helps in hori)ont#l st#bili)#tion #n! br#ingof the restor#tion.


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Indications+ilateral Distal E,tension +ases2i, Remaining nterior /eeth2It '#$ be "se! #s # pl#te of %#r$ing &i!th th#t o%ers the#re# bet&een t&o or 'ore e!ent"lo"s #re#shen the l#st re'#ining #b"t'ent tooth on either si!e of# Cl#ss I #rh is the #nine or 0rst pre'ol#r tooth/o'plete p#l#t#l o%er#ge is strongl$ #!%ise!/ espei#ll$

in resorbe! resi!"#l ri!gesIn in!i%i!"#ls &ith &ell!e%elope! '"sles of '#sti#tion#n! # f"ll o'ple'ent of '#n!ib"l#r teeth/ he#%$ol"s#l fores #n be #ntiip#te!hen (#t or (#bb$ ri!ges or # sh#llo& %#"lt is present

#sion#ll$/ p#tients #re tre#te! &ith # tr#nsition#lp#rti#l !ent"re in prep#r#tion for tre#t'ent &ith #o'plete !ent"re.Cleft p#l#te p#tients h#%e # n#rro&/ steep p#l#t#l %#"lt.

To g#in inti'#te tiss"e ont#t #n! to lose #n$ p#tent#ir p#ss#ges bet&een the n#s#l #n! or#l #%ities/ # #sto'plete p#l#te is 'ost often the onnetor of hoie.


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Contraindication

Presene of tori &hih #nnot bes"rgi#ll$ re'o%e!.

hen p#tient #n not toler#te f"llp#l#te o%er#ge !"e toe:#gger#te! g#g re(e: or otherps$hologi#l re#sons.


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Co"'ete Paata Pate

ADVANTA+ES &ell toler#te! b$ 'ost of the p#tients !"e to"nifor' thinness #n! the ther'#l on!"ti%it$ of the'et#l

The pl#te o%ering !i


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Co"'ete Paata PateDisadvantages:

The pl#te #nnot be "se! in the presene

of p#l#tine tori.F"ll o%er#ge '#$ #"se tiss"ein(#''#tion if #!e="#te or#l h$giene isnot pr#tie! #n! it '#$ #"se#lter#tion in t#ste.

Co'plete p#l#t#l o%er#ge '#$ #ltert#ste #n! t#tile sens#tion


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T%'es of co"'ete 'aata 'ates

All cast Metal plate:

Co'plete #st 'et#lpl#te o%ering&hole or 'ore th#n

h#lf of the p#l#te.


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Resin plate: Co'plete resin pl#teo%ering the p#l#te.


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Combination, metal, and resin plate:

Anterior 'et#lli p#rt h#%ingpro%isions for 'eh#ni#l retentionto #tt#h #n #r$li posterior

portion.


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The posterior p#l#t#l se#l th#t is"se! &ith o'plete !ent"res

sho"l! not be e'plo$e! &ith #re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"re.


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Anterior Paata Pate(U-Shaped or "Horse-Shoe" Palatal Connector)

Poor onnetor

Ne%er "se "nless#bsol"tel$neess#r$

Re="ires b"l4 in ther"g#e #re# 3&herethe tong"e re="iresfree!o'1 for rigi!it$


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!S"#PE$ P#%#T#% CONNECTOR& "ORSE!

S"OE S"#PE$ CONNECTOR

It onsists of Ush#pe! thin b#n! of 'et#l. TheAnterior border pl#e! 5 '' #$ fro' thegingi%#l '#rgin l$ing in the %#lle$s r#ther th#n

the rests of the r"g#e #re#.Posterior border #t right #ngle to 'e!i#ns"t"re line.

If the str#p #rrie! onto the ing"l#/ the gingi%#l'#rgin '"st be lightl$ relie%e!.

The l#ter#l bor!ers lies #t the *"ntion ofthe hori)ont#l #n! %erti#l slopes of the p#l#te.

All bor!ers sho"l! be "r%e!/ s'ooth #n! be#!e!


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Indications

C#n be "se! in #se of # l#rge inoper#bletori

hen se%er#l #nterior teeth #re to be

repl#e!.In #se of p#tients &ith e:#gger#te! g#gre(e:.

hen perio!ont#ll$ &e#4ene! #nterior teeth

nee! so'e st#bili)ing s"pport.Contraindications

Dist#l e:tension p#rti#l !ent"res.

RPDs in &hih ross #rh st#bili)#tion is re="ire!.


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Advantages

It is # re#son#bl$ strong onnetor th#t #n !eri%e so'e %erti#l

s"pport #n! so'e in!iret retention fro' the p#l#te.In p#tients &ith onsi!er#ble %erti#l o%erl#p of the #nteriorteeth/ the horseshoe is thin $et strong eno"gh to s"pport therepl#e'ent teeth.In the presene of # h#r! 'e!i#n s"t"re line or #n inoper#bletor"s/ the #no'#l$ #n be #%oi!e! &itho"t s#ri0ing strength

or loss of %erti#l s"pport.

Disadvantages

hen %erti#l fore is #pplie! to either or both en!s of thehorseshoe '#*or onnetor/ there is # ten!en$ for theonnetor to spre#! or str#ighten. Therefore it is # poor hoie

for # !ist#l e:tension p#rti#l !ent"re. This is not # goo! onnetor &hen ross#rh st#bili)#tion isre="ire!. It h#s less resist#ne to (e:ing/ #n! 'o%e'ent #no"r #t the open en!.

To #%oi! the ten!en$ to (e:/ the 'et#l rossing the r"g#e #re#'"st be thi4er th#n th#t "se! in 'ost other '#*or onnetors.

Interferenes &ith phonetis #n! p#tient o'fort #n res"lt.


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SP%'T (#)OR CONNECTOR

In lini#l f"ntioning of # re'o%#blep#rti#l !ent"re there is ine%it#ble

rot#tion of the !ent"re #ro"n!possible f"lr"'s be#"se of the"ne="#l n#t"re of the s"pporting

tiss"es. This '#$ !eli%er tor="ingfores on the #b"t'ent teeth #n!their s"pporting str"t"res.


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In # split '#*or onnetor/ the (e:ibilit$ of the

onnetor is inre#se! #s &ell #s the !ist#netr#%ele! b$ the fores to re#h to #b"t'ents is'ore. Therefore the !iret tr#nsfer of stressesis 'ini'i)e!.

The !o"ble b#r priniple is "se! in

for' of split '#*or onnetor. Inste#! of "sing&ro"ght 'et#l/ # single #st onnetor is'#!e (e:ible b$ '#4ing # s#& "t p#rt $thro"gh the #sting or b$ #sting to thin shi'this is then re'o%e! le#%ing # sep#r#tion.


55/143

Degree of stress rele#se is !eter'ine! b$the &i!th #n! thi4ness of the onnetion

re'#ining #n! b$ the t$pe of 'et#l "se!.Sep#r#tion of the seg'ents sho"l! be&i!e eno"gh or %er$ n#rro& to #%oi!pinhing the tong"e or p#l#t#l '"os#.

The #st fr#'e&or4 #n (e: in # singlepl#ne &itho"t &or4 h#r!ening #n!e%ent"#l fr#t"re


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Disadvantages

The$ ollet !ebris #n! beo'e "nle#n.

The$ pinh the "n!erl$ing soft tiss"es ortong"e #s the$ open #n! lose "n!erf"ntion.

The$ beo'e f#tig"e! b$ repe#te!(e:ing #n! th"s "n!ergo per'#nent!istortion


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$ES'*N OF (#+'%%#R, (#)OR CONNECTORS


58/143

-eading of the maxillary cast +eading is # ter' "se! to !enote the sribing of # sh#llo&groo%e on the '#:ill#r$ '#ster #st o"tlining the p#l#t#l'#*or onnetor e:l"si%e of r"g#e #re#s. The p"rposesof be#!ing #re #s follo&s2 To tr#nsfer the '#*or onnetor !esign to the in%est'ent

#st To pro%i!e # %isible 0nishing line for the #sting

To ens"re inti'#te tiss"e ont#t of the '#*or onnetor&ith selete! p#l#t#l tiss"es

Be#!ing is re#!il$ #o'plishe! b$ "sing #n#ppropri#te instr"'ent/ s"h #s # leoi! #r%er. C#re'"st be e:erise! to re#te # groo%e not in e:ess of .'' in &i!th or !epth #t the e!ge of the !esign of the'#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor.

The groo%e '"st f#!e o"t #s it #ppro#hes &ithin5'' ofthe '#rgin#l gingi%#. It #lso sho"l! f#!e o"t o%er the

enter of the #st &hen # h#r! 'i!line s"t"re is present. .


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Advantages o& beading:

Pre%ents foo! !ebris fro'

olletion "n!er the +#*orConnetor.

Pro%i!e # thinnest 'et#l on the

polishe! s"rf#e &hile '#int#inthe neess#r$ strength. This is !"eto the e:tr# thi4ness of 'et#lpro%i!e! b$ the be#!ing.


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RE.'E/ OF %'TER#TRE

Wagner '( )ra$ee% *C +,0 o'p#re!the '#*or onnetors for RPD. The$ o'p#re!the s"b*eti%e p#tient re#tions to three

'#:ill#r$ #n! t&o '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor!esigns. In this st"!$ 8 !entists ser%e! #ss"b*ets for the st"!$.

+#:ill#r$ +C Single p#l#t#l b#r #n! AP

p#l#t#l b#rs+#n!ib"l#r +C ;ing"#l b#r #n! ;ing"#l pl#te.

+ost preferre! '#*or onnetor s the singlep#l#t#l b#r #n! the '#n!ib"l#r ling"#l b#r.


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1en- 2r 3 et al +,0 e%#l"#te! the sti


62/143

1eaumont A4 +550 o%er%ie&e! theesthetis &ith RPD.

Pro%ision for estheti RPD '#$be '#!e &ith

seletion of #ppropri#te '#*or onnetor.It is i'port#nt espei#ll$ in '#n!ib"l#r #rh&here there is !i#ste'# or #bnor'#ll$ l#rgeinterpro:i'#l sp#es bet&een teeth.

+#*or onnetor selete! sho"l! not be

obser%#ble fro' on%ers#tion#l !ist#ne.U Sh#pe! p#l#t#l onnetor is #n estheti'#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor &hih '#$be #pplie!&hen se%er#l #nterior teeth #re to be repl#e!.


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'reen 6."( 7ondrum S.8. +5590 e%#l"#te! the e


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(#N$'-%#R (#)ORCONNECTORS


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+#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors "se! inp#rti#l !ent"res #re either in the for'

of bars or plates The b#rs #re "s"#ll$ lo#te! on the ling"#lsi!e of the ri!ge bet&een the gingi%#l'#rgin #n! the (oor of the 'o"th/ &hile

the pl#tes '#$ be e:ten!e! #bo%e thegingi%#l '#rgin to en! on the ling"#ls"rf#es of the n#t"r#l teeth.


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Criteria for seection of "andibuar

"a#or connector Altho"gh the '#:ill#r$ onnetor is #ble toontrib"te s"bst#nti#ll$ to s"pport the prosthesis/the '#n!ib"l#r onnetor h#s the %er$ li'ite!

#p#it$ for s"pport. In!iret retention is nee!e!to st#bili)e the '#n!ib"l#r p#rti#l !ent"re.

The re="ire'ent of in!iret retention.

Hori)ont#l st#bilit$ #n! stress !istrib"tion.

An#to'i#l onsi!er#tions.

Perio!ont#l onsi!er#tions.

Estheti onsi!er#tions.

P#tient o'fort.


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Structura re,uire"ents for

"andibuar "a#or connectors,. P"ACM;) 8* 18


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The #'o"nt of relief !epen!s on

a0 )he t#pe o& removable partial denture.

For #n #ll tooth-supported prosthesisa minimum o& relie& is nee!e! be#"se the!ent"re !oes not ten! to 'o%e/ 3 g#"ge/.7 inh1

a distal etension partial denture needs more relie& be#"se it ten!s to rot#te !"ringf"ntion.


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b0 )he slope o& the lingualtissue

If Slope of tiss"e is ne#rl$%erti#l 'ini'#l relief is nee!e!

If Tiss"e slope tor! thetong"e/ '#:i'"' relief isnee!e!

If ;ing"#l ri!ge is "n!er"t no#!!ition#l relief is re="ire! .


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1 Rel#tionship of the f"lr"'

line to the '#*or onnetor.7.hen the f"lr"' line is posterior to the '#*oronnetor less relief is"s"#ll$ re="ire! 386 g#"ge/

.7 inh to 85 g#"ge/.75 inh1.8. hen the f"lr"' line is

#nterior to the '#*oronnetor 'ore relief is

"s"#ll$ re="ire! 385g#"ge/.75 inh to 8 g#"ge/.8 inh1.


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!1 "#lit$ of s"pporting str"t"res.

7Perio!ont#l st#t"s of the #b"t'ent teeth.Inre#se! 'obilit$ of the #b"t'ent teeth

re="ires 'ore relief of the '#*or onnetor.8"#lit$ of the '"oosseo"s s"pporting tiss"es.

Resi!"#l ri!ges &ith inre#se! !ispl#e#bilit$'#$ re="ire 'ore relief of the '#*or onnetor.

Bone in!e:. here the resi!"#l ri!ge e:hibits #poor bone in!e:/ 'ore relief '#$ be re="ire! too'pens#te for resorpti%e h#nges o"rringprior to #ntiip#te! relining.


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e1 Movement o& the dento-alveolarsegment. hen the #nterior teethh#%e # prono"ne! l#bi#l inlin#tion/

'ore relief '#$ be re="ire!. It '#$ bei'possible to !iret the ol"s#l fores#long the long #:es of the teeth. ith

s"h #n inlin#tion/ # ontin"e! l#bi#l'igr#tion of the teeth '#$ o"r.

&0 "ingual tori '#$ re="ire

#!!ition#l relief


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T%'es of "a#or connector ;ing"#l b#r '#*or onnetor.S"bling"#l b#r '#*or onnetor.

;ing"#l b#r &ith ing"l"' b#r '#*oronnetor 3ontin"o"s b#r1.Cing"l"' b#r 3ontin"o"s b#r1 '#*oronnetor.Dent#l b#r;ing"opl#te '#*or onnetor.;#bi#l b#r '#*or onnetor. Hinge! ontin"o"s l#bi#l b#r.


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Lin&ua bar "a#or connector The b#si for' of # '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor

is # h#lfpe#r sh#pe/ lo#te! #bo%e 'o%ing

tiss"e b"t #s f#r belo& the gingi%#l tiss"e #s

possible.

A!%#nt#ges2

;ing"#l b#r onnetor h#s 'ini'#l tiss"e o%er#ge

#n! h#s 'ini'#l ont#t &ith or#l tiss"es.

It !oes not ont#t the teeth/ so !e#li0#tion of

the tooth s"rf#e is 'ini'i)e!.

Dis#!%#nt#ges2

It '#$ be (e:ible if poorl$ onstr"te!.

Rigi!it$ is less o'p#re! to # &ell onstr"te!

ling"#l pl#te.


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In!i#tions2

It sho"l! be "se! for '#n!ib"l#r re'o%#l

p#rti#l !ent"re &here s"Lient sp#e e:ists

bet&een the slightl$ ele%#te! #l%eol#r ling"#ls"l"s #n! ling"#l gingi%#l tiss"es.

Contr#in!i#tions2

Inoper#ble ling"#l tori.

Highl$ #tt#he! ling"#l fren"'.

Interferenes to ele%#tion of the (oor of the

'o"th !"ring f"ntion#l 'o%e'ents.


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C!aracteristics and ocationH#lfpe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portioninferiorl$ lo#te!.

S"perior bor!er t#pere! to soft tiss"e.S"perior bor!er lo#te! #t le#st ''inferior to gingi%#l '#rgins.

Inferior bor!er lo#te! #t the #sert#ine!height of the #l%eol#r ling"#l s"l"s &henthe p#tients tong"e is slightl$ ele%#te!.


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A%#il#bilit$ of sp#e for onnetor is one of the

i'port#nt f#tor to be onsi!ere!. At le#st

O'' of %erti#l sp#e bet&een the #ti%e

tiss"es of the (oor of the 'o"th #n! the

gingi%#l '#rgins of the teeth is re="ire!.

There #re t&o lini#ll$ #ept#ble 'etho!s to

!eter'ine rel#ti%e height of the (oor of the

'o"th to lo#te the inferior bor!er of the'#*or onnetor.


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First 'etho!2 P#tients tong"e sho"l!

to"h the %er'illion bor!er of the

"pper lip #n! 'e#s"re'ents &ere

'#!e in rel#tion to the ling"#l gingi%#l

'#rgins of the #!*#ent teeth "sing #

perio!ont#l probe. The re#!ings #re

tr#nsferre! to the '#ster #st.

Seon! 'etho!2 This 'etho! "ses #n

in!i%i!"#li)e! i'pression tr#$s h#%ing

its ling"#l bor!er '' short of the

ele%#te! (oor of the 'o"th is 'ol!e!

&ith #n i'pression '#teri#l !"ring

f"ntion#l 'o%e'ents of tong"e.


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boc-*out and reief of "aster

cast All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to p#th of pl#e'ent.

An #!!ition#l thi4ness of 8g#"ge : &hen

the ling"#l s"rf#e of the #l%eol#r ri!ge is either"n!er"t or p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.

No relief is neess#r$ &hen the ling"#l s"rf#e

slopes inferiorl$ #n! posteriorl$.

ne thi4ness of b#se pl#te : o%er b#s#l se#t

#re#s.


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#:ing spei0#tionsSi:g#"ge/ h#lfpe#r

sh#pe! : for'

reinfore! b$ 888

g#"ge sheet : #!#pte!

to the !esign &i!th.

;ong b#r re="ire 'ore

b"l4 th#n short b#r.

Finishing lines

B"tt *oints &ith 'inoronnetors for retention

of !ent"re b#ses.


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!. "en#$r, %. Matalon, &. Aviv and '.%. Cardash

(J..D. )*+*

Con!"te! # st"!$ to he4 the rigi!it$ of 0%e ling"#l

b#r t$pe '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors &ith !i


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!ee "en#$r, -itan Miirits/0, Colin 1or2l, and

amar "rosh (J..D. )***

Con!"te! # st"!$ to in%estig#te the !esign #n!

rosssetion#l sh#pe of '#*or onnetors 'ost

f#%or#bl$ in("ening rigi!it$ #n! (e:ibilit$. Fi%e

ling"#l b#r '#*or onnetors of !i


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Anthon0 3. 3aires (J..D. )*4+

Con!"te! # st"!$ "sing Eletroni 'e#ns to4no& the eener#ll$ the$st#te! th#t # rigi! !esign is 'ore !esir#ble th#n# (e:ible one in &ithst#n!ing hori)ont#l stresses.


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Lin&uo'ate "andibuar "a#or

connector

If the ret#ng"l#r sp#e

bo"n!e! b$ the ling"#lb#r/ the #nterior tooth

ont#ts #n! ing"l#/ #n!

the bor!ering 'inor

onnetors is 0lle! in/ #

ling"#l pl#te res"lts.


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A!%#nt#ges2

The ling"opl#te is # rigi! '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor #n! it

pro%i!es 'ore s"pport #n! st#bili)#tion &hen o'p#re! to

other onnetors.

C#n be "se! in st#bili)ing the perio!ont#ll$&e#4ene! teeth.

hen it is s"pporte! #t e#h en! b$ # rest it ontrib"tes to

the #tion of in!iret retention.

hen properl$ onto"re! #n! f#bri#te!/ it &ill not #"se

interferene &ith tong"e 'o%e'ents #n! &ill be 'ore

o'fort#ble to the p#tient.

Dis#!%#nt#ges2

It o%ers the tooth str"t"re #n! the gingi%#l tiss"e.

The 'et#l o%er#ge of the free gingi%#l tiss"e pre%ents

ph$siologi#l sti'"l#tion #n! selfle#nsing of these #re#s

b$ s#li%#.


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In!i#tions2

It is in!i#te! in #ses &here #l%eol#r ling"#l s"l"s solosel$ #ppro:i'#tes the ling"#l gingi%#l re%ies s"h #s

high ling"#l fren"' #tt#h'ents.

If resi!"#l ri!ges in Cl#ss I #rh h#%e "n!ergone se%ere

%erti#l resorption th#t the$ &ill o


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Ch#r#teristis #n! lo#tion2

Pe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portioninferiorl$ lo#te!.

Thin 'et#l #pron e:ten!ings"periorl$ to ont#t ing"l# of#nterior teeth #n! height ofonto"r of posterior teeth.

S#llope! onto"r of #pron #s!it#te! b$ interpro:i'#l blo4o"t.

The s"perior bor!er 0nishe! toontin"o"s pl#ne &ith ont#te!teeth.

Inferior bor!er #t the #sert#ine!height of the #l%eol#r ling"#ls"l"s &hen p#tients tong"e isele%#te!.


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blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2

All in%ol%e! "n!er"ts of ont#te! teeth

p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.

All in%ol%e! gingi%#l re%ies.

;ing"#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ge.#:ing spei0#tions2

Inferior bor!er 5g#"ge/ h#lf pe#r sh#pe! :

for' reinfore! &ith 8g#"ge sheet :.

Apron 8g#"ge sheet :.

Finishing lines2

B"ttt$pe *oints.


89/143

Campbell 5D (J..D. )*66 on!"te! # st"!$

to e%#l"#te the '"ltiple re'o%#ble p#rti#l!ent"re !esigns b$ test p#tients. 6 '#*or

onnetor !esigns &ere e%#l"#te! !"ring

spe#4ing/ he&ing #n! sllo&ing #n! for

gener#l o'fort b$ 78 !entists. The$ onl"!e!

th#t the '#n!ib"l#r ling"#l b#r s hosen o%er

the ling"#l pl#te b$ # 27 r#tio. +et#l bor!ers

p#r#llel to tong"e 'o%e'ent &ere better

toler#te! th#n those l$ing tr#ns%erse. In gener#l/

p#tients #!#pte! best to '#*or onnetors th#t

o%ere! the le#st #'o"nt of soft tiss"es.


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3enneth R. Mc'enr0, 78e -. Johansson (J..D.

)**9 on!"te! # lini#l tri#l "sing thee:peri'ent#l gingi%itis 'o!el !e%elope! for

perio!ont#l lini#l rese#rh to e%#l"#te the e


91/143

Subin&ua bar "a#or connector.

A 'o!i0#tion of the ling"#l b#r th#t h#s been!e'onstr#te! to be "sef"l &hen the height of the (oor ofthe 'o"th !oes not #llo& pl#e'ent of s"perior bor!er ofthe onnetor #t le#st '' belo& free gingi%#l '#rgin.


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In!i#tions2

The height of the (oor of the 'o"th in rel#tion

to the free gingi%#l '#rgin is less th#n 5''.

If it is !esire! to 4eep the free gingi%#l

'#rgins of #nterior teeth e:pose! #n! there isin#!e="#te !epth of the (oor of the 'o"th.

Contr#in!i#tions2

;ing"#ll$ tilte! re'#ining n#t"r#l teeth.

Inoper#ble ling"#l tori.

High #tt#he! ling"#l fren"'.


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Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion2

It is s#'e #s ling"#l b#r e:ept th#t the

b"l4iest portion is lo#te! to the ling"#l #n!

the t#pere! portion is tor!s the l#bi#l.

The s"perior bor!er of the b#r sho"l! be #t

le#st '' fro' the free gingi%#l '#rgin.

Inferior bor!er is lo#te! #t the height of the

#l%eol#r ling"#l s"rf#e.


94/143


All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to the p#th ofpl#e'ent.

A!!ition#l thi4ness of 8g#"ge : &henthe ling"#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ges either

"n!er"t or p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.

#:ing spei0#tions2

5g#"ge/ h#lfpe#r sh#pe! : for' reinfore!b$ 888 g#"ge sheet :.

;onger b#r b"l4ier th#n shorter b#r.

Finishing lines2

B"ttt$pe *oints.


95/143

3arl A. 'ansen and Donald J. Campbell

(J..D. )*+4 on!"te! # st"!$ to e%#l"#te

p#tient #ept#ne of the s"bling"#l b#r &hen

o'p#re! &ith ling"#l pl#te '#*or onnetor

#n! to !eter'ine the preferre! !esign. The$

onl"!e! fro' the 0n#l !#t# th#t the

s"bling"#l b#r o'p#res f#%or#bl$ &ith the

ling"#l pl#te in p#tient #ept#ne #n! sho"l!

be onsi!ere! #s # %#ri#ble !esign #ltern#ti%e

&hen # ling"#l pl#te is not in!i#te!.


96/143

Mandibuar in&ua bar /it! continuous bar

(cin&uu" bar) or doube in&ua bar) This t$pe of '#*or onnetor is#lso #lle! Kenne!$ b#r

It !istrib"tes stresses to #ll of

the teeth &ith &hih it o'es inont#t there b$ re!"ing thestresses to the "n!erl$ingtiss"es.

It is #lso referre! #s ontin"o"sling"#l l#sp '#*or onnetor/be#"se of series of l#sp #r'sonnete! on the ling"#ls"rf#es of lo&er #nterior teeth.


97/143

A!%#nt#ges2

The !o"ble ling"#l b#r e


98/143

In!i#tions2

It is '#inl$ "se! #s # '#*or

onnetor in perio!ont#ll$

tre#te! #nterior teeth &ith &i!e

interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.

hen ling"opl#te isontr#in!i#te! !"e to poor

#:i#l #lign'ent of #nterior teeth.

Contr#in!i#tions2

In se%erel$ ro&!e! #nterior

teeth.


99/143

Ch#r#teristis #n! lo#tion2

Sh#pe! s#'e #s ling"#l b#r.

Thin n#rro& 'et#l str#p lo#te! on ing"l# of #nterior teeths#llope! to follo& interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.


S#'e #s for ling"#l b#r.

No relief for ontin"o"s b#r e:ept blo4o"t of interpro:i'#l

sp#es.

#:ing spei0#tions2

S#'e #s ling"#l b#r.

Contin"o"s b#r p#ttern fo"n! b$ #!#pting t&o strips of 86g#"gesheet : o%er the ing"l# #n! into interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.

Finishing lines2B"tt *oints.


100/143

Mandibuar continuous bar0Cin&uu"

bar0denta bar I'proper #:i#l #lign'ent of the #nterior teeth &ill neessit#tee:essi%e blo4o"t of interpro:i'#l "n!er"ts. These t$pes of #sesin!i#tes ontin"o"s b#r '#*or onnetor.

Contr#in!i#tions2

In ling"#ll$ tilte! #nterior teeth.

i!e !i#ste'# bet&een '#n!ib"l#r #nterior teeth.


101/143

Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion Thin n#rro& 'et#l str#p lo#te! on ing"l# of

#nterior teeth/ s#llope! to follo& interpro:i'#le'br#s"res.

rigin#tes bil#ter#ll$ fro' rests of the #!*#entpriniple #b"t'ents.


No relief for ing"l"' b#r e:ept interpro:i'#lsp#es.

#:ing spei0#tions2A ing"l"' b#r p#ttern for'e! b$ #!#pting t&ostrips of 86g#"ge/ '' &i!e o%er the ing"l# #n!

into interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.Finishing lines2

B"ttt$pe *oint.


102/143

Mandibuar abia bar "a#or connector

The l#bi#l b#r h#s # li'ite! #ppli#tion in #ses &here

l#rge inoper#ble ling"#l tori #n! se%erel$ ling"#ll$

inline! lo&er #nterior #n! pre'ol#rs pre%ents the

"se of other '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors.


103/143

Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion2

H#lfpe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portion inferiorl$lo#te! on the l#bi#l or b"#l #spet.

S"perior bor!er t#pere! to soft tiss"e #n! ''inferior to l#bi#l gingi%#l '#rgins.

Inferior bor!er lo#te! in the l#bi#l b"#l%estib"le.


All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to p#th of pl#e'ent

#n! &hen the l#bi#l s"rf#e is either "n!er"t orp#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.

No relief if l#bi#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ge slopesinferiorl$.


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#:ing spei0#tions2

5g#"ge h#lfpe#r sh#pe! : for'

reinfore! &ith 888 g#"ge

;ong b#r 'ore b"l4ier th#n shorter b#r.

+inor onnetor *oine! &ith ol"s#l or

other s"perior o'ponents b$ # l#bi#l

#ppro#h.

Finishing line2

B"ttt$pe *oints.


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1in&ed continuous abia bar This t$pe of '#*or onnetor is the'o!i0#tion of ling"opl#te &hih is

inorpor#te! in the S&inglo4 !esign

onsists of l#bi#l or b"#l b#r i.e.

onnete! to the '#*or onnetor b$

hinge on one en! #n! l#th #t the other

en!.

S"pport pro%i!e! b$ '"ltiple rests on

the re'#ining n#t"r#l teeth. St#bili)#tion

#n! reipro#tion pro%i!e! b$ # ling"#lpl#te. Retention is pro%i!e! b$ b#r t$pe

retenti%e l#sp #r's pro*eting fro' the

l#bi#l or b"#l b#r #n! ont#ting the

infr#b"lge #re#s on the l#bi#l s"rf#es.


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In!i#tions2

+issing 4e$ #b"t'ents.

Unf#%or#ble tooth onto"r.

Unf#%or#ble soft tiss"e onto"rs.

Teeth &ith ="estion#ble prognosis.

Contr#in!i#tions2

Poor or#l h$giene.

Sh#llo& b"#l l#bi#l %estib"le.

High fren#l #tt#h'ent.


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Desi&n of "andibuar "a#or connectors

The b#si priniples of '#*or

onnetor !esign inl"!es2

Step I"tline the b#s#l se#t

#re#s on the !i#gnosti #st.

Step II"tline the inferior

bor!er of the '#*or onnetor.


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Step III"tline the s"perior

bor!er of the '#*or onnetor.

StepI@Connet the b#s#l se#t

#re# to the inferior #n!

s"perior bor!ers of the '#*oronnetor #n! #!! 'inor

onnetors to ret#in the #r$li

resin b#se.


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Concusion+#*or onnetors b$ "niting the other o'ponents of #re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"res #ts li4e # fo"n!#tion bringing

#bo"t bil#ter#l !istrib"tion of fores &hih !epen!s on the

rigi!it$ of the onnetor.

Ut'ost #re sho"l! be t#4en to pre%ent # '#*or onnetor

fro' interfering &ith nor'#l f"ntions or h#%ing #n$

!#'#ging e


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Minor connectors

De0nition

Co'ponents th#t ser%e #s theonneting lin4 bet&een '#*oronnetor or b#se of # re'o%#ble p#rti#l!ent"re #n! other o'ponents of theprosthesis s"h #s the l#sp #sse'bl$/in!iret ret#iners/ ol"s#l rests or

ing"l"' rests


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2unctions

Pri'#r$ f"ntion*oiningother "nits of the prostheses#n! !ent"re b#ses to the

'#*or onnetor. Tr#nsfer f"ntion#l stressesto the #b"t'ent teeth.

Tr#nsfer the e


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Distrib"tes the stresses th#t o"r

#g#inst ert#in o'ponents of p#rti#l!ent"re to other o'ponents.

Distrib"tes fores on the e!ent"lo"sri!ge to the ri!ge #n! the re'#iningteeth.

This bro#! !istrib"tion of fore pre%ents #n$one tooth or one portion of the e!ent"lo"sri!ge fro' be#ring # !estr"ti%e #'o"nt ofstress.


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or" and ocation

S"Lient b"l4 to be rigi!.38'' &i!e/ 7.'' thi41

+inor onnetor ont#ting #:i#l s"rf#e of#b"t'ent teeth sho"l! not be lo#te! on

on%e: s"rf#e/ inste#! sho"l! be lo#te! onthe e'br#s"re.

Sho"l! onfor' to the inter!ent#l e'br#s"re.

Sho"l! be thi4est tor!s the ling"#l

s"rf#e/ t#pering tor!s the ont#t #re#.


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Deepest p#rt of inter!ent#l e'br#s"re sho"l!h#%e been blo4e! o"t to #%oi! interferene!"ring pl#e'ent #n! re'o%#l.

hen # 'inor onnetor ont#ts tooths"rf#es on either si!e of the e'br#s"re in

&hih it lies/ it sho"l! be t#pere! to theteeth.

+inor onnetor sho"l! be &i!e eno"gh to"se the g"i!ing pl#ne to the f"llest

#!%#nt#ge.hen it gi%es rise to l#sp #r' it sho"l! bet#pere!.


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hene%er possible/ the 'inoronnetor of # re'o%#ble p#rti#l

!ent"re is lo#te! in the inter!ent#le'br#s"re.


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T%'es

Join the l#sp #sse'bl$ to the '#*oronnetor.

Join !iret ret#iners or #":illi#r$ reststo the '#*or onnetor.

Join the !ent"re b#se to the '#*oronnetor.

Ser%e #s #n #ppro#h #r' for #%erti#l pro*etion or b#r t$pe.


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Minor connectors t!at #oin t!e cas' asse"b% to

t!e "a#or connector3Sho"l! be rigi! to s"pport the #ti%eo'ponent of the p#rti#l !ent"re/ theretenti%e l#sp.

S"pport the o'ponent of the prosthesisth#t pre%ents %erti#l 'o%e'ent tor!sthe tiss"e 3Rest1.

;o#te! on pro:i'#l s"rf#es

of teeth #!*#ent to e!ent"lo"s

#re#s.


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Sho"l! be bro#! b"oling"#ll$ b"t thin'esio!ist#ll$.

If l#sp #sse'bl$ is not being pl#e! on# tooth #!*#ent to #n e!ent"lo"ssp#e/ 'inor onnetor '"st be

positione! in e'br#s"re bet&een t&oteeth.

Ne%er position on on%e: ling"#ls"rf#e of # tooth.


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Minor connectors t!at #oin indirect retainers or

au$iiar% rests to "a#or connectors3 t$pes

Pro:i'#l 'inor onnetor2ont#ts g"i!e pl#nes/ #lle! #s pro:i'#l

pl#te. The p#rt of pro:i'#l pl#te th#tto"hes ri!ge rest Foot of pro:i'#lpl#te., ;o#te! !ist#l to the ter'in#l#b"t'ent #n! is ontin"#tion of the'inor onnetor ont#ting the g"i!ingpl#ne.

To est#blish # !e0niti%e 0nishingin!e: stop for #r$li resin b#se #fterproessing.


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Minor connectors t!at #oin indirect retainers or

au$iiar% rests to "a#or connectors3E'br#s"re 'inor onnetor2

Arises fro' the '#*or onnetor.

For' # right #ngle &ith '#*or

onnetor.

Tri#ng"l#r in rosssetion

Designe! to lie in the e'br#s"re

bet&een teeth to !isg"ise its b"l4 #s '"h #s possible.


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S"rf#e 'inor onnetor2 on ling"#l

s"rf#e of inisors #n! #nines/ the$ onnetling"#l rests to '#*or onnetor.

+et#l thi4ness 7.'' for b#se

'et#l #n! 8'' for #st gol!.


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Minor connector t!at #oin denture base

to "a#or connector +#$ be

f l#ttie&or4 onstr"tion

f 'esh onstr"tion

Be#! /&ire or n#il he#! 'inor

onnetors


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+"st be strong eno"gh to

#nhor the !ent"re b#se.Rigi! eno"gh to resistbre#4#ge or (e:ing.

In '#:ill#r$ #rh!ist#le:tension b#se'inoronnetor t"berosit$.

+#n!ib"l#r !ist#l e:tension

b#set&o thir!s the length ofe!ent"lo"s ri!ge


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O'en attice/or- construction

Consists of 8 longit"!in#l str"ts of

'et#l37875g#"ge1.

In '#n!ib"l#r #rh

one str"t b"#lother ling"#l.


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In '#:ill# one str"t is b"#l to theri!ge rest

bor!er of '#*or onnetor is theseon! str"t.

S'#ller str"ts onnet the

t&o str"ts #n! for' thel#ttie &or4.


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;ongit"!in#l str"ts o%er ri!ge rest #re#%oi!e! interfere &ith #rti0i#l teeth#rr#nge'ent.

Relief sp#e gi%en for both l#ttie &or4 #n!'esh &or4 'inor onnetors.

Ar$li !ent"re b#se &ill be for'e! in thissp#e.

;o4ing of #r$li resin pro%i!es retention of!ent"re b#se.

Use! for '"ltiple teeth repl#e'ents.


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Mes! construction

Thin sheet of 'et#l &ith '"ltiples'#ll holes th#t e:ten!s o%er restof resi!"#l ri!ge to the b"#l/ling"#l #n! posterior li'its.

Use! for repl#e'ent of '"ltipleteeth.

+#*or !r#&b#4 !iL"lt to p#4#r$li resin.

Does not pro%i!e # strong#tt#h'ent for !ent"re b#se.


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Tissue sto's

Integr#l p#rts of 'inor onnetorsretention of #r$li resin b#ses.

Pro%i!e st#bilit$ for fr#'e &or4 !"ring

the st#ges of tr#nsfer #n! proessing.Pre%ents !istortion of fr#'e&or4 !"ring#r$li resin proessing

b


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2abricationRe'o%ing #ppro:i'#tel$ 8 s="#re '' of

the relief : "se! to re#te sp#ebene#th the l#ttie &or4 or 'esh fro' thepoint &here the posterior en! of 'inor

onnetor rosses the entre of the ri!ge.D"ring :ing this little !epression is:e! #s # pro*etion of l#ttie&or4 or'esh.


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After #sting this pro*etion ont#tsthe e!ent"lo"s ri!ge of the #st #n!

pre%ents fr#'e &or4 fro' being!istorte! !"ring #r$li p#4ing.


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Bead /ire4or Nai !ead retention

(Minor connector)+et#l !ent"re b#se

No relief pro%i!e!.

Att#he! to o"ter or s"perior s"rf#e of 'et#lb#se.

Retention b$ pro*etions of 'et#l on this s"rf#e.

Pro*etions '#$ be be#!s/ &ires or n#il he#!s.

Dent"re b#se h$gieni be#"se of better softtiss"e response to 'et#l.


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Dis#!%#nt#ges

DiL"lt to #!*"st 'et#l b#se.

C#nnot be #!e="#tel$ reline!.

e#4est #tt#h'ent of t$pes.

Sho"l! be "se! on tooths"pporte!/&ell he#le! ri!ges

&hen inter#rh sp#e is li'ite!.

A ! #


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Attac!"ent to "a#or connector

Ar$li resin 'inor onnetor '"st be *oine! to '#*or onnetor &ith s"Lientb"l4 to #%oi! fr#t"re.

+"st *oin in # s'ooth/ e%en *oint.

Irreg"l#rit$ b& s"rf#e irrit#tes tong"e or'"os# of the ri!ge.

Ar$li resin b"tt *oint '"st be '#!e on

both intern#l #n! e:tern#l s"rf#es of the'#*or onnetor.


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For 'et#l b#se 'inor onnetor

single b"tt *oint .B"tt *oints 0nish lines.

"ter #spet e:tern#l 0nish line.

Intern#l or tiss"e si!e intern#l 0nishline.

2i i ! i


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2inis! ines

Finishing line *"ntion &ith'#*or onnetor #ngle not

gre#ter th#n !egree.

Finish line lo#te! too f#r'e!i#ll$ n#t"r#l onto"rof p#l#te #ltere! b$thi4ness of #r$li resin.


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Too f#r b"#ll$

!iL"lt to re#te #n#t"r#l onto"r of#r$li resin onling"#l s"rf#e of

#rti0i#l teeth.

!egree b"ttt$pe

*oint gi%en for *"ntion of 'inoronnetors #n! b#rt$pe !iret ret#iners.


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Interna finis! inesFor'e! fro' relief:es "se! o%ere!ent"lo"s ri!ge on'#ster #st.

885 g#"ge thi4.

+#rgins of relief :

intern#l 0nish line.;e!ge re#te! b$ : sh#rp #n! !e0ne


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E$terna finis! ines

Sh#rp #n! !e0nite #n! sho"l! beslightl$ "n!er"t to help lo4 #r$liresin se"rel$ to '#*or onnetor.

Angle the 0nish line for's &ith '#*oronnetor less th#n !egree.

Sho"l! e:ten! on to the pro:i'#l


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Sho"l! e:ten! on to the pro:i'#ls"rf#e of teeth #!*#ent toe!ent"lo"s sp#e.

Finish line begins #t ling"#l e:tent ofrest se#t #n! ontin"es !o&n theling"#l #spet of 'inor onnetor onpro:i'#l s"rf#e of the tooth.


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Minor connector t!at ser5e as a''roac! ar" for

5ertica 'ro#ection or bar*t%'e cas'3nl$ non rigi! 'inor onnetor.

S"pports # !iret ret#iner th#t eng#ges #n"n!er"t on # tooth fro' belo&.

Appro#hes tooth fro' gingi%#l '#rgin.

Sho"l! be s'ooth/ e%en #n! t#per fro' itsorigin to its ter'in"s.


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+"st not ross # soft tiss"e "n!er"t.

The (e:ibilit$ of the l#sp !epen!s on

t#per #n! length of #ppro#h #r'.It e:ten!s "p to the height of onto"r onthe #b"t'ent tooth.


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Than0 you

Connectors in RPD Final Seminar

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