Connectors [EDocFind.com].pptx

7/29/2019 Connectors [EDocFind.com].pptx

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Connectors

I-Subordinating conjunctions

II-Coordinating conjunctions

III-Transitions


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Subordinating conjunctions:

Adjective clauses: who, whom, which, that, whose,when, where

Adverb clauses:

time: before, after, as soon as, since, until, while, whenever

reason: as, because, since

condition: as if, even if, if, unless

contrast: although, even though, despite the fact that, whereas

purpose: in order that, so that

manner: as if, as though


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A complex sentence adds asubordinate clause to a simplesentence. The subordinate clause

is called a dependent clause whilethe simple sentence is called the

independent clause.


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Use subordinatingconjunctions:

Robert wanted to study at Harvard.His parents preferred Yale.

We ate a large lunch.We had skipped breakfast.

Computers are an important part of manypeoples lives.

Some people in the world have never seenone.


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Coordinating conjunctions

For: reason, means because

And: connects 2 sentences with similar ideas (positive/ negative)

Nor: connects 2 negative sentences with inverted word order

But: connects 2 sentences with contrasting or opposite ideas

Or: connects 2 sentences that express alternatives or choicesYet:surprise

so: connects a reason and a result


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Coordinating conjunctions

Join two main clauses. They

come between the clauses andare preceded by a comma


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A compound sentence is made upof two or more simple sentences

joined by a comma and acoordinating word or by a

semicolon.


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Addition: My father loves kitchen gadgets, and he buys a new oneevery week.

Contrast: A few of the gadgets are useful, but most of them just takeup space.

Result: We ran out of space for them in the kitchen, so he started tostore them in the living room.

Choice: My mother asked my father to please stop buying gadgets, orshe would throw them out.

Surprise: Of course, Dad came home the next week with three newones, yetMom wasnt upset.

Reason:Maybe she realized that buying little gadgets is harmless, fornone of them cost a lot of money.

Addition(negative): After all, he doesnt buy sports cars, nor does he

bring home a new yacht every week.


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Japanese food is delicious to eat,and ___________________.

Do you prefer living alone, or

___________________________.


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Paired coordinating

conjunctions Both and - addition

Not only but (also) - addition

Either or positive choices

Neither nor negative choices


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Content connected by

coordinating conjunctions mustbe parallel. They must belong

to the same grammaticalcategory. (e.g. adjective,

adverb, noun phrase, verbphrase, infinitive or gerund

phrase).


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The Italian film Life Is Beautiful

made me both laugh and cry. Itcontained not only comic butalsotragic scenes.

Either my father or my mother will

meet me at the airport.

Neither my father nor my mother

will meet me at the airport.


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I dont like country western music,nor Interest rates continued to rise,

yetThe children were hungry, but

We decided to go shopping, forThe hurricane was approaching,so


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Use appropriate conjunctions:

The skier broke his leg.He couldnt compete in the Olympics.

Butter is very expensive.Most people buy margarine.

Taking the bus is cheaper than driving.It conserves energy.

Robert is a lazy student.

He misses a lot of classes.


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Use paired coordinatingconjunctions:

Say something constructive.Dont say anything at all (either or)

Americans pay income tax.They are charged high sales taxes in somestates. (not only, but also)

He didnt ask for permission.He didnt give me an explanation of hisaction. (neither,nor)


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Using Too or So

Subject + auxiliary + tooI can dance the Tango, and my

husbandcan too

So + auxiliary + subjectI can dance the Tango, and so can

my husband.


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Using Not either or Neither

Subject + modal + not + eitherThe teacher isnt here, and the

students arent either.

Neither + modal + subjectThe teacher isnt here, and neither

are the students.


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(not either) - I dont have my book.

Claudia doesnt have her book.

(too)- John has been to South America.Karen has been to South America.

(so )- My nephew lost his passport.My sister lost her passport.

(Neither)-You havent done yourhomework.

I havent done my homework.


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Transitions

Atransition word can be used witha semicolon to make clearer the

relationship between the twosentences.


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Transitions

Result: as a result, consequently, therefore, thus

Contrast : however, on the other hand, nonetheless,nevertheless

Time: before that, after that, meanwhile, afterward,first

Addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition

Condition: otherwise

Exemplification: for example, for instance


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You must use a semicolon (;)before

and a comma (,) after thetransition word to join it and itsclause to another independent

clause.His first class begins at 8 AM;

therefore,he leaves home at 7:30AM to get there on time.


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Use transitions

People should exercise regularly.They will get out of shape.

I would like to take an English literaturecourse.I havent had the prerequisites yet.

Working part time gives you more free time.

You dont earn as much money asfull timeworkers do.


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The end!

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