Connective Tissue2009 New

8/13/2019 Connective Tissue2009 New

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

dr. Arliek Rio Julia, MS


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The Stages of The Development of CT

First stage (Embryonic CT) :1. Mesenchymal CT Mesenchymal CT contains mesenchymal cells and

intercellular substance.

Mesenchymal cells - Has many cytoplasmic processus

Intercellular substance - Amorph !". #illi chorialis placenta

. Mucous CT$ %elatinous CT

!esenchymal cells partly converte" into fibroblast #n the #ntercell$lar s$bstance occ$r fe% collagen fiber

E&. 'mbilical cor"

Secon" stage ("$lt CT) :


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Jarin&an Ikat 'e(asa

J.I Se)atiJ.I d& Spesialisasi

*+hususJ.I enun)an&

J.I lon&&ar$oose CT J.I adat$dense CT

Irre&ular

Re&uler

+ola&en

!lastik

J.I Reticular Adiposa ematopoeticbloo"

Cartila&oTulan&

!lastik

Hyalin

/ibrosa


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F$nctions of CT :

1. Support :%hich forms the frame%or* tiss$es an"organ.

2. Defence:

+hysical , #mm$nologic.

-. Repair :

stim$lates the proliferation of fibroblasts.

. Storage:

/eserve of %ater an" electrolytes

0. Transport :

Transporting s$bstances to an" from other tiss$e


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The Component :

The component o0 connecti1e tissue consists o0 Cells Intercellular$e"tracellular matri"

- Fibers : Colla&en Reticular !lastic

'istin&uished by the combination o0 protein

Ground substance

2 It 0unctions as medium to e"chan&e nutrientand (aste product bet(een cells and bloodsupply


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Connective Tissue Cells

A. Fi&e" cell :1. Mesenchymal cell : prec$rsor of CT cells.

Some mesenchymal cell remain $n"efferentiate"

2. Fibroblasts: are pre"ominant cells in CT proper.

Str$ct$rally2 fibroblast are t%o types :

3 The first type resembles mesenchymal cell.

#t is terme" 0ibroblast.

3 The secon" type are less active an" terme"fibrocyte beca$se they more mat$re.

-. Reticular cells

They pro"$ce" retic$lar fibers that form netli*e stroma ofhemopoietic2 lymphoi" an" a"ipose tiss$e.

4.Adipose cellsare mesenchymal "erivatives speciali4e" for lipi"storage


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5. 6an"ering cells:are immigrant cell $s$ally from bloo" an"

bone marro%.

1. Mast cells

2. Macrophage

-. Plasma cells. Other blood-deried !T cells


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!ast cell

The characteristics

Cytoplasmic &ranule *pre0orm mediator

The &ranules (hich o0ten obscure the smallcentral nucleus, contain heparin, histamin 3eosinophilic chemotactic 0actor 0or anaphylactis*!C/-A

Mast cell &ranules are metachromatic

The sur0ace contains speci0ic receptor 0or I& ! a typeo0 immuno&lobuline produced by plasma cell. Mosto0 I& ! molecules are bound to the sur0ace o0 mastcells and blood basophils


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!acrophage :

ar&e, stellate cell deri1ed 0rom monocyte that in0iltrate CT

3 de1elop into pha&ocytes

2 'ye particles in)ected into the body are en&ul0ed 3

accumulate in cytoplasmic &ranule

2 Contains many lysosome, (hich aid in di&estin&pha&ocyted materials e& 0orei&n substance,

cell debris, bacteria, neoplastic cell 3 others

3 they participate in the immune response by presentin&

pha&ocytosed anti&ens to lymphocyte

2 May 0use to 0orm multinuclear &iantcell


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Monoc"te-deried phagoc"tes2

%hich together constit$te the monon$clear

phagocyte system 2 incl$"e :

!acrophage : 7ymphoi" organ2 l$ng2

sero$s cavity , CT

8$pffer cell ( liver )

9steoclast ( bone )

!icroglial cells ( CS )

7angerhans cells ( S*in )


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+lasma cell :"ifferentiate" from antigen3stim$late" 5 lymphocyte.

The cells are large an" ovoi" %ith an eccentric n$cle$s

basophilic cytoplasm %ith ab$n"ant /E/

$cle$s : spheric

The characteristic 4clock 0ace5 nucleus results 0rom a lar&e,

central nucleolus and lar&e heterochromatin clumps

re&ularly spaced around the nuclear en1elope6s.

verage of life spent : 1; ; "ays

s the primary pro"$cers of circ$lating b2 they are the

main effector of the h$moral imm$ne response


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F#5E/S :

. Collagen fibers : The bo"y


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T #$ i ? ll f b l l i it


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T"pe #$: is ma?or collagen of basal lamina2 it

"oes not form fibers or fibrils

T"pe $: occ$rs in placental basement

membranes an" bloo" vessels.

T"pe %: is fo$n" in matri& s$rro$n"ing hyper

trophic chon"rocytes of gro%th plate

cartilage in sites of bone formation

T"pe #% & %#: occ$rs in association %ith type ##

in cartilage


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5. /etic$lar fibers :

/esemble %ith collagen fibers b$t thinner2

Consist mainly collagen type ###

The fibers form "elicate net%or* instea" of b$n"l

Characteristic staining :

3 #mpregnation %ith silver salt. 5eca$se the affinity forsilver salt they are calle" argyrophilic

3 +S (perio"ic aci" Shiff) ( @ ) beca$se high contain ofs$gar chainsA B 1 he&oses as oppose" to 1 in

collagen fibers #n smooth m$scle2 en"one$ri$m2 frame%or* of

hematopoetic organ , lymphatic organ2 parenchymalorgan ( eg. 7iver2 en"ocrine glan"s )


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C. Elastic fibers:consist of amorpho$s protein elastin

/ange in "iameter from ;21 1; 'm

Synthesis:=#ntracell$lar steps: proelastin are synthe4ise" on /E/

=E&tracell$lar steps: proelastin molec$lels polymeri4e toform elastin

Special stains : = erhoeff


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/9'D S'5TCE :

#s a highly hi"rate"

Comple& mi&t$re of glycosaminoglicans2

proteoglycans an" m$ltia"hesive

glycoprotein

#s colorless , transparant

#t fills the space bet%een cells an" fibers

#t is visco$s2 acts as both l$bricant an" a

barrier to the penetration of inva"ers.


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Tiss$e fl$i" :

The composition similar to bloo" plasma2 in it s

content of ions an" "iff$sible s$bstance.

Contains a small percentage of plasma protein

of lo% molec$lar %eight that pass thro$gh thecapillary %alls as a res$lt of the hy"rostatic

press$re of the bloo".

5loo" bring to CT the n$trient re$ire" by it

cells an" carries %aste pro"$cts a%ay to the

"eto&ifying an" e&cretory organs


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"ipose tiss$e

7argest organ : 10 ; on man

; 0 on %oman

types of a"ipose tiss$e :

'niloc$lar (%hiteA yello% fat) !$ltiloc$lar (bro%n fat)

Divi"e" into lobes an" lob$les by collagen CTsepta.

#n"ivi"$al cells are s$rro$n" by retic$lar fibers.!istoenesis: From mesenchymal prec$rsor

Special staining : S$"an ### , 9smic aci"


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Tiss$e /epairTiss$e /epair

Slide 3.69Copyright G ;;- +earson E"$cation2 #nc. p$blishing as 5en?amin C$mmings

/egeneration/eplacement by the same *in" of cells

Fibrosis

/epair by "ense fibro$s connective tiss$e

Type of repair "etermine" by:

Type of tiss$e "amage"

Severity of the in?$ry


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/egeneration of Tiss$es/egeneration of Tiss$es

Slide 3 71C i ht G ;;- + E" ti # bli hi 5 ? i C i

Tiss$es that regenerate easily Epithelial tiss$e

Fibro$s connective tiss$e an" bone

Tiss$es that regenerate poorly

S*eletal m$scle

Cartilage

Tiss$es replace" largely %ith scar tiss$e

Car"iac m$scle

ervo$s tiss$e %ithin the brain an" spinal cor"

Connective Tissue2009 New

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