CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES

CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES

PROGRAM OVERVIEW

Leslie S. RichardsSecretary of Transportation

PUB 821 (6-18)

CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES2

Senate Bill 427

On February 24, 2017, a bipartisan group consisting of three Republicans and seven Democrats introduced Pennsylvania Senate Bill 427, an Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, providing for highly automated vehicles and platooning testing. Although automated vehicle testing is currently permitted in Pennsylvania as long as a driver is behind the wheel, SB427 will allow for higher levels of automated vehicles to be tested on Pennsylvania roadways with or without an in-vehicle operator. Unlike traditional legislation, SB 427 will give authority to PennDOT to enact policy in place of regulation to better adapt to the rapidly evolving automated vehicle industry. Additionally, SB 427 will allow for the testing of highly automated vehicle platoons on select roadways designated by PennDOT.

House Bill 1637

Introduced on June 28, 2017, House Bill 1637 will allow for higher levels of automated vehicles to be operated on Pennsylvania roadways with or without an in-vehicle operator. Additionally, HB1637 establishes a “Fully Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Committee,” chaired by the Secretary of Transportation.

House Bill 1958

Introduced on December 11, 2017, House Bill 1958 will authorize the use of highly automated work zone vehicles by PennDOT and the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. In addition, the legislation allows for the platooning of military and motor carrier vehicles on limited access highways. On March 13, 2018, the legislation passed the House of Representatives 191-0.

Legislation & Policy

Pennsylvania – State of Innovation

As a state that has always been at the forefront of innovation and industry, it should come as no surprise that Pennsylvania is at the very epicenter of the rise in Highly Automated Vehicle (HAV) technology. Pennsylvania’s world-class research universities have continually served as a breeding ground for technological advances, with Carnegie Mellon University known as the “birthplace of self-driving vehicles” and the University of Pennsylvania’s robotics research program is renowned worldwide. Without doubt, Pennsylvania has emerged as a leading location for on-road testing of HAVs as they steadily advance toward practical use.

The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has supported these advances in automation through the deployment of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) Roadside Units (RSUs) at select signalized intersections to enable communications between the vehicles and the infrastructure. PennDOT has also been active in national efforts to develop uniform standards and practices for HAVs. With the pace of HAV innovation accelerating, Transportation Secretary Leslie S. Richards challenged PennDOT to take action to sustain Pennsylvania’s leadership in HAV research, while simultaneously ensuring that public safety remains the paramount priority as HAVs are tested on the roadways.

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House Bill 2300

Introduced on April 24, 2018, House Bill 2300 will allow PennDOT to authorize the operation of autonomous shuttle vehicles on PennDOT approved routes. In addition, HB2300 will establish a “Connected and Highly Automated Vehicle Advisory Committee,” chaired by the Secretary of Transportation.

AV Policy Task Force

In 2016, PennDOT assembled the “Autonomous Vehicles Policy Task Force” to prepare policy recommendations for the safe testing of automated vehicles in Pennsylvania. The task force is composed of stakeholders, including representatives from state and local government, law enforcement, tech companies, manufacturers, motorists, trucking groups and academic research institutions. In November 2016, policy recommendations were published by the Task Force, emphasizing a balance between innovation and public safety. The Task Force remains active as Pennsylvania’s safe testing policies are updated and refined. More information can be found at www.penndot.gov, keyword “autonomous.”

State Government PennDOT, PA State Police, PA Turnpike, PA Insurance Department, PA Department of Community & Economic Development, PA Public Utility Commission, PA House & Senate, PA Trial Lawyers Association, Senate Transportation Committee, Legislative Delegation

Federal Government Federal Highway Administration, National Safety Council

Local Government City of Pittsburgh, City of Altoona

Advocacy Organizations AAA, Pennsylvania Motor Trucking Association, Pennsylvania Public Transportation Association (PPTA), Society of Automotive Engineers, Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, Jackie Group, AFL-CIO, AARP, PA Automotive Association

Academia Carnegie Mellon University, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Community College of Allegheny County

Automotive GM, Uber, Society of Automotive Engineers, Global Automakers, Toyota, Audi of America Inc., Royal Truck and Equipment Inc., Freedom Transit, Peloton Technology, Aurora Innovations

TASK FORCE MEMBERS

Transportation Secretary Leslie Richards kicks off the AV Policy Task Force, Pittsburgh, June, 2016.

http://www.penndot.gov


AVs in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania has a long and acclaimed history as a breeding ground for the technological evolution of automated vehicles. An ideal blend of rich academic institutions, supportive communities, and an unheralded dedication to industry progress has created the perfect environment for automated technology to flourish.

Considered the “birthplace” of autonomous vehicles, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has been working on self-driving technology for over 30 years. Winner of the 2007 DAPRA Urban Challenge, CMU’s impact on the automated vehicle industry can be seen in leading companies such as Waymo and Uber. Since 2011, CMU has been testing their autonomous Cadillac SRX on public roadways in Pittsburgh.

In 2015, Uber created the Advanced Technologies Center in Pittsburgh to develop safe, reliable transportation with a focus on automation. In September 2016, Uber began testing autonomous vehicles on public roadways in Pittsburgh.

Argo AI is a Pittsburgh-based artificial intelligence developer of self-driving vehicle applications. In February 2017, Ford Motor Company partnered with Argo AI to develop a virtual driver system.

A relative new comer to Pennsylvania, Aurora Innovation established its Pittsburgh Office in 2018 to build on the legacy of its CEO Chris Urmson. Urmson, who graduated from the Computer Science program at CMU, and was a member of the winning CMU team in the 2007 DARPA Grand Challenge.

Formerly known as Delphi Automotive, Aptiv is a global technology company that develops safer, greener and more connected solutions, which enable the future of mobility. Aptiv maintains an office in Pittsburgh where they test automated vehicles in and around the city.

Pennsylvania-based Royal Truck & Equipment, Inc. is the developer of the first commercially available Autonomous Truck Mounted Attenuator (ATMA).

Volvo Trucks has a significant academic partnership with Penn State University and has worked closely with the university to test connected and automated vehicle technology including auto-parking systems for tractor-trailers.

Testing & Deployment


Pennsylvania’s Intent with DSRC

In a reality where potholes need to be filled, roads need to be repaved, and bridges need to be repaired, some DOTs question allocating any resources to future technology such as DSRC. However, PennDOT feels it is necessary for two reasons.

Commitment – to eliminate the chicken and the egg paradox with the automotive industry, PennDOT is willing to make minor investments in our infrastructure to demonstrate our commitment to vehicle-to-infrastructure technology. This approach aligns with “AASHTO’s SPaT Challenge” that encourages DOTs and local municipalities to deploy Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) in a corridor by 2020.

Experience – it is PennDOT’s belief that mass deployment of connected technology is inevitable. When deployment does occur, it will likely be faster than anyone anticipated. As a result, PennDOT has initiated several pilot deployments to gain experience with the technology/standards and ensure PennDOT is prepared for mass deployment in the near future.

City of Pittsburgh Grant

In October 2016, the City of Pittsburgh was awarded a $10.9 million Advance Transportation and Congestion Management Technologies Deployment (ATCMTD) grant, which was matched by a $7 million PennDOT contribution to implement a “Smart Spine” system. As part of “Smart Spine,” over 45 signalized intersections will be equipped with DSRC. In addition to broadcasting signal phase and timing (SPaT) information, the DSRC equipped signals will allow for transit prioritization. The Port Authority of Allegheny County, which serves as the premier public transport provider in Pittsburgh, will be equipping all 726 of their buses with on-board units (OBUs) to interact with the signals. The project is set to start in 2018 with a projected completion date of 2020.


Smart Corridor

To connect the two AV Proving Ground locations, PennDOT plans to establish a “Smart Corridor.” The corridor will utilize both arterial and limited access roadways to offer a variety of benefits to both testers and the state including diverse and extensive testing environments, varying roadway attributes, and public acceptance challenges.

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Deployments

Current

Ross Township Test Bed

In 2014, PennDOT was awarded an FHWA Accelerated Innovations Deployment (AID) grant to deploy innovative technologies, including adaptive traffic control signals and DSRC, along McKnight Road (SR 4003). This corridor of 4.8 miles includes 11 traffic signals and serves 30,000 vehicles every day.

Cranberry Township Test Bed

Cranberry Township is a suburb located in Butler County, 20 miles north of Downtown Pittsburgh. The traffic light infrastructure has been updated and eleven of the intersections have been equipped with DSRC radios. In addition, there is backhaul support at each of the intersections connecting to a state of the art municipal traffic management center.

CMU Pittsburgh Test Bed

Baum Boulevard (state route) and Centre Avenue (city road) corridor in the City of Pittsburgh is a complex urban grid located in a historic area of the City that is experiencing significant urban renewal, both residential and commercial. Twenty-four signalized intersections along this corridor have been equipped with DSRC.

Harrisburg Test Bed

In the summer of 2016, PennDOT developed the Harrisburg Connected and Automated Vehicle Test Bed by equipping eight traffic signals around the State Capitol with DSRC. This Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technology allows the traffic signal to broadcast signal phase and timing data to automated vehicles navigating the intersection. Additionally, the SPaT data can be ingested by connected vehicles and used in other connected vehicle applications such as “Red Light Violation Warning.” From conception to demonstration, the deployment

Funding Opportunities

Act 101 of 2016, formerly Senate Bill 1267, allows for the use of allocated funds, up to $40,000,000, for intelligent transportation system applications, such as autonomous and connected vehicle-related technology, in addition to other specified uses.

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Planned


I-76 Arterials

PennDOT is deploying a Multi-Modal Corridor Management Project along the Schuylkill Expressway in the Philadelphia region. As part of the project, PennDOT will be replacing over 160 traffic controllers along the I-76 arterial. Upon upgrade, the traffic controllers will be equipped with DRSC and will broadcast signal phase and timing (SPaT) information and potentially other connected vehicle messages.

Autonomous Truck Mounted Attenuator (TMA)

Upon the passage of the legislation to perform testing of automated vehicles, the PTC and PennDOT plan to pilot an autonomous TMA to assist with stationary and mobile work zone applications. Pennsylvania has had demonstrations from Pennsylvania-based Royal Truck & Equipment and the Southwest Research Institute regarding the technology and is very interested in the benefits of protecting workers, along with removing them from a TMA.

Connected Vehicle Work Zone Application

The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) is piloting a connected work zone system that will include DSRC technology and a data feed to Waze. A DSRC On-Board Unit (OBU) and Cisco Router will be mounted on a PTC maintenance vehicle that will serve as the first Truck Mount Attenuator (TMA) within the work zone patterns. A mobile slow moving work zone, stop and go work zone, and stationary work zone will be evaluated.

Automated Vehicle Proving Grounds

In January 2017, USDOT identified 10 national Automated Vehicle Proving Grounds throughout the country, naming the City of Pittsburgh and Penn State’s Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute as a joint test site.

The designated facilities provide a unique collaboration between real world testing along with controlled testing on Penn State’s closed test track. PennDOT and CMU will be working with the facilities to establish a formal proving ground training plan over the next few months to provide to industry partners. It is anticipated based on previous relationships between team members that passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle, and mass transit vehicle testing will all occur.

Planned

Automated Shuttle

PennDOT is planning to pilot an automated shuttle service in Middletown, Pennsylvania on Penn State’s Harrisburg campus. The proposed shuttle will travel a 1 mile loop around campus on privately-owned roadways.

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PennSTART

PennDOT, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission and Penn State University are partnering to explore and advance The Pennsylvania Safety, Transportation and Research Track (PennSTART), a state-of-the-art training and testing facility to address the transportation safety and operational needs of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic Region. The facility is anticipated to be operational in 2020 and will benefit emergency responders, transportation organizations, and research institutions. PennSTART will address safety training and research needs in six key areas: connected and automated vehicles; traffic incident management (TIM); tolling and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technology; work zones; commercial vehicles; and transit vehicles. An analysis is underway to choose a facility location, with the decision expected to be made in the next stage of the engineering- planning and design process over the next year. Additional information can be found at www.pennstart.org

Connected and Autonomous Vehicle 2040 Vision

In 2013, PennDOT commissioned a one-year project with CMU to assess the implications of connected and autonomous vehicles on the management and operation of the state’s surface transportation system. Using a design year of 2040, the researcher evaluated the implications on highway infrastructure within the Pittsburgh region. The 2040 Vision explored the impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles on design and investment decisions, communication devices investment, real-time data usage, existing infrastructure, workforce training needs, driver licensing and freight flow as they relate to PennDOT.

Pennsylvania Turnpike’s Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Roadmap

The Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Roadmap will feed into the Turnpike’s Transportation Operations Performance Program, support future joint strategic planning efforts for connected vehicles, define pilot projects and establishes the framework for future funding applications. The outcome of this task is to establish an operational vision for the connected vehicle program, to define institutional requirements (infrastructure and resources), to define short-term projects for deployment, and to define next steps.

Statewide Connected and Automated Vehicle Strategic Plan

The Statewide Connected and Automated Vehicle Strategic Plan will assist Pennsylvania in preparing for connected and automated vehicle advancements. The Strategic Plan will look at all of Pennsylvania, build upon existing research, identify the steps PennDOT should take to prepare for these technologies, define a comprehensive set of focused, reasonable and deployable applications, consider various levels of investment, and provide PennDOT with critical missing data and information pertaining to the early deployment of connected and automated vehicles

Research & Planning

PennSTART conceptual design

PennSTART conceptual design


The Strategic Plan will be used as the foundation for all policy and procedural decisions relating to connected and automated vehicles. Ultimately, the Strategic Plan will be designed to be a “living document” to account for new information and advances.

Universities in PA

Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)

CMU is continuously testing and researching CV/AV technology at the Traffic21 Institute, Mobilty21 National University Transportation Center, and the National Robotics Engineering Center. In January 2017, the Pittsburgh headquartered Advanced Robotics Engineering Institute was awarded $250 million from the Department of Defense to conduct research on automated manufacturing including automated vehicles. Additionally, CMU’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) Division of the Software Engineering Institute is actively involved in cyber security research for connected and automated vehicles.

Penn State University (PSU)

Penn State has become an emerging leader in connected and automated vehicle research. In addition to their partnership with Volvo Trucking and being named an US DOT AV Proving Ground, Penn State has been conducting research on traffic signals in a connected and automated vehicle environment, emission and fuel performance of a connected fleets, and robot-based autonomous refuse handling.

University of Pennsylvania (Penn)

Penn has researchers across various fields working on autonomous vehicle technologies. Research includes testing and development of automated vehicles, studies on drivers’ ability to take control back from an automated vehicles in a hazardous situation, study of the implications of automated vehicles on various industries and the development of driver’s license tests for automated vehicles.

THE STRATEGIC PLAN WILL FOCUS ON NINE AREAS:Policy and Legal

Outreach and Collaboration

Workforce Requirements

Maintenance and Operations

Information Technology and Security

Modal Considerations

Driver Licensing and Motor Vehicles

Planning and Research

Design and Construction


Smart Belt Coalition

PennDOT, PTC, Ohio DOT, the Ohio Turnpike, and Michigan DOT have jointly formed the Smart Belt Coalition – a first-of-its-kind collaboration – with transportation agencies and universities in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan to focus on automated and connected vehicle initiatives. The coalition brings together leaders on these technologies to support research, testing, policy, funding pursuits and deployment, as well as to share data and provide unique opportunities for private-sector testers. Key elements include:

• Establishing a high-profile, high-impact, and long-distance network for transportation innovations in connected automation.

• Supporting testing and deployment of various applications of connected and automated vehicles, including agency fleets, first responder vehicles, passenger vehicles, transit vehicles, and trucks.

• Supporting testing and deployment of other innovative and emerging technologies.

• Testing and operating connected and automated applications on varying terrain during all four distinct seasons of the year, leveraging unique off-roadway test facilities.

• Validating innovations across a diversity of urban and rural roadways.

• Sharing data for testing, research and deployment of innovative and emerging technologies.

• Leveraging national leading university research and current deployments of cutting-edge connected automation technology.

• Demonstrating the necessary cooperative deployment, cost, and effectiveness of supporting connected automation infrastructure among multiple modes, states, agencies, and private companies.

The ultimate goal of the Coalition is the strategic deployment of innovative technology that enhances safety, mobility, economic competitiveness, and overall quality of life.

National Participation

American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

PennDOT is actively involved with AASHTO’s Committee on Transportation System Operations (CTSO) Connected and Automated Vehicles Working Group.

Community of Practice

ENHANCESSafety Mobility

Quality of Life

EconomicCompetitiveness


American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) Autonomous Vehicles Best Practices Working GroupPennDOT is active in AAMVA’s Autonomous Vehicle Best Practices Working Group. The Working Group is charged with developing a best practices guide to assist states in regulating autonomous vehicles and operators of the vehicles.

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Deployment CoalitionThe purpose of the V2I Deployment Coalition is to support the implementation of US DOT’s V2I Guidance, provide leadership on connected vehicle deployment guidance, establish connected vehicle and automated vehicle deployment strategies, and provide support on continued technical research to support connected and automated vehicle deployments.

The Transportation Research Board (TRB)TRB’s Technical Activities Council has established vehicle automation as a focus of the research and programming activities of TRB’s over 200 standing technical committees. The legal committees are developing programs on automated vehicles and research initiatives.

Connected Vehicle Pooled Fund StudyIn 2012, PennDOT joined the Connected Vehicle Pooled Fund Study. The pooled fund study was created to provide a means to conduct the work necessary for infrastructure providers to play a leading role in advancing connected vehicle systems

NCHRP 20-24(98) - Connected/Automated Vehicle Research RoadmapThis project assessed open connected and automated vehicle issues and developed a roadmap of future research projects and efforts that AASHTO and related groups should pursue. The research team compiled a catalog of institutional, legal, policy, and operational issues related to connected and automated vehicle technologies that will affect agencies and the public.

NCHRP 20-24(112) - Connected Road Classification System (CRCS) DevelopmentThe objective of this project is to develop a consensus Connected Road Classification System that will be useful to state/local departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations that are planning or implementing connected vehicle and HAV-compatible infrastructure. Vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and other private-sector interests will be involved in the development to ensure that the system is relevant to their development plans.

NCHRP 20-102(15) - Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicle Technologies on the Highway Infrastructure The objective of this research is to produce guidance for state and local transportation agencies in evaluating and—if necessary—adapting their standards and practices for roadway and intelligent transportation system designs (including traffic control devices) and related maintenance and operations to reflect the deployment of connected and automated vehicle technologies.

National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD)PennDOT participates on the NCUTCD Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) Task Force, which is focused to help identify areas where recommendations to the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) regulation and research opportunities are needed to actively support the deployment of these innovative technologies.

ENTERPRISE Pooled FundPennDOT is an active member of the ENTERPRISE Pooled Fund Study. ENTERPRISE has done research on deployment strategies for rural connected vehicle systems and worked to develop warrants for connected vehicle applications.

I-95 Corridor CoalitionPennDOT played an active role in organizing the coalition’s Connected and Automated Vehicles Conferences and maintains a leadership position within the Connected and Automated Vehicle Subcommittee.

PolicyRoger [email protected](717) 787-0786

LegalJason [email protected](717) 787-5473

InfrastructureMark [email protected](717) 783-1903

Driver & Vehicle ServicesKurt [email protected](717) 705-1000

Speaking Engagements

Connected and automated vehicle technologies will change the transportation decision-making process throughout Pennsylvania. To ensure Pennsylvania stays at the forefront, PennDOT is actively working to educate key stakeholders and the public about the impact and benefits of this emerging technology.

AV Demonstration

PennDOT continues to facilitate automated vehicle demonstrations for key transportation and legislative officials. Since 2016, over 200 riders have experienced first-hand the capabilities of connected and automated vehicles, including Governor Tom Wolf, members of the Pennsylvania House and Senate Transportation Committees, PennDOT Secretary Leslie Richards, and various local officials. These demonstrations have allowed participants to understand how technology is being adapted and implemented in this rapidly advancing field in Pennsylvania.

PA Summit

In April 2018, PennDOT organized in Pittsburgh its second summit for HAVs. There were 400+ attendees with topics focusing on three themes: safety, infrastructure planning, workforce & economic development. The two overarching goals were to encourage interchange and collaboration between stakeholders and long-term public acceptance of vehicle automation. Transportation Secretary Richards announced a balanced interim testing safety package.

Public Outreach

23EXAMPLE:

Bloomberg News

30EXAMPLE:

Pittsburgh Clean Cities

Alliance

36EXAMPLE:

AV Task Force Town Hall Meeting

14EXAMPLE:

White House Transportation

Roundtable

8EXAMPLE:

2016 ITS World Congress - Australia

INTERVIEWS REGIONAL STATEWIDE NATIONAL GLOBAL

NUMBER OF SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS

Secretary Richards with Chris Urmson of Aurora Innovation at PA Summit 2018

CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES

Documents

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