Conjoined Twins Final
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Transcript of Conjoined Twins Final
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Outline :-
What Are Conjoined Twins ?
How does It Happen ?
History Of Conjoined Twins
Types Of Conjoined Twins
Rare Forms Of Conjoined
Twins
Separation
Cases of Conjoined twins
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What Are Conjoined Twins ?
Is one of the most fascinating human
malformations and has also been reported inother animalsmammals, fishes, birds,
reptiles, and amphibians.
Treating conjoined twins can be a dauntingchallenge for the surgeon. Furthermore, these
cases often raise religious, moral, ethical, and
legal issues
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How does It Happen ?
Conjoined twins are identical twins that havenot split properly after fertilization, they share
a body and may share vital organs. Identical twins are created from a single
fertilized egg, If the egg does not separatewithin 12 days, it will not split completely.
Instead of creating two separate embryos, thetwo embryos will remain attached, causingthe babies to grow into one another.
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How Does it Happen ?
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History Of Conjoined Twins
A popular term for conjoined
twins is Siamese twins
The term comes from Eng andChang Bunker who were famousconjoined twins born in Siam The
term Siamese twins is no longerconsidered appropriate becausethey arent limited to any racial orethnic group.
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Types Of Conjoined Twins
Craniopagus : about 2% ofconjoined twins Joined at the skull,can share portions of the brain and
blood circulation. Thoracopagus: about 35% of all
conjoined twins, the mostcommon.
Joined at the upper chest fromclavicle to sternum.
Can share a heart or a pericardium
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Types Of Conjoined Twins
Craniopagus
Thoracopagus
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Types Of Conjoined Twins
Ischopagus twins joined at front pelvis
and lower spine.
Ischio-omphalopagus Combination of
ischiopagus and omphalopagus twins
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Rare Forms Of Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins needn't be symmetrical,
as is the case with parasitic twins, in which the smaller
individual relies on the larger one for survival.
Fetus in Fetu: A situation in which a fetus is contained
completely within the body of its sibling.
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Separation
Separation of conjoined
twins is usually performed
at a very young age.
In some cases the brain orthe heart must be
separated in order to
provide each twin with vital
organs.
Separation while twins are
too young to realize that
they are joined is thought to
help their psychological
recovery.
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Cases of Conjoined twins
Lori and Reba Schappell
The only pair of unseparated
twins alive today that are joined
at the head
Reba is shorter and must sit
on a wheeled stool
They dont want to be separated
They were institutionalized when
they were children
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Cases of Conjoined twins
Laleh and Laden Bijani
Joined at the head
Separated in July 2003
They had a 50:50 chance of
survival
Laden died an hour afterseparation
Laleh died 90 minutes after Laden
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Cases of Conjoined twins
One-year-old conjoined twins -Rital and
Ritag Gaboura from Sudan -were
recently surgically separated and
Are recovering steadily and appear tobe in good condition. The twins, who
were joined at the head, underwent
four operations, the most recent of
which happened last month.
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Refrencess
1- http://news.discovery.com/human/separating-conjoined-
twins-110920.html
2- http://www.powershow.com/view/5161b-
MTM2N/Conjoined_Twins_flash_ppt_presentation
3- http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/934680-overview
4- http://www.twinstuff.com
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