Congress for Racial Equality NAACP Fighting …...Martin Luther King Jr. • Believed in nonviolent...
Transcript of Congress for Racial Equality NAACP Fighting …...Martin Luther King Jr. • Believed in nonviolent...
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The Civil Rights Movement, 1954‐1968
Chapter 16
NB Pg 105
Postwar Prosperity
Not shared by minorities
Roots of the Movement• “Jim Crow” laws in the South
• WWII against racism
• Truman desegregated the military in 1948
Roots of the MovementCreation of African American organizations such as…
NAACPFighting segregation
since 1909
CORECongress for Racial EqualitySuccessfully desegregates many
restaurants with sit-ins
SCLCSouthern Christian
Leadership ConferenceProvided the support of churches in fighting segregation and voting
rights
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Brown v. Board of Education (1956)
• Challenged segregation in schools
• Supreme Court found segregation in public schools unconstitutional
• How do you think the South reacted to this decision???
• SCHOOLS FINALLY REQUIRED TO DESEGREGATE IN 1969
Attorney Thurgood Marshall
Goes on to become first African American
Supreme Court Justice
The Little Rock Nine
• ordered to be admitted to an all‐white high school in Arkansas
• Eisenhower had to send troops to protect the African American students
The Little Rock Nine
A New Era…
This is Rosa Parks.She refused to give up her seat for a white man.
Montgomery Bus Boycott – lasts 381 days
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Martin Luther King Jr.• Believed in nonviolent resistance
• “the weapon of love”
How did the sit‐in movement begin?
• Four students sat at a lunch counter in a Woolworths’s store after buying school supplies.
• They were refused service but sat until the store closed.
• They returned and sat at the corner until they were served.
Who were the SNCC?
• White and black students from 30 universities came together to organize civil rights protests
When did Martin Luther King Jr., write “Letter from Birmingham Jail?
• In 1963, after he was arrested for leading non‐violent demonstrations in Birmingham, knowing they would provoke violence.
• He demanded equality
• Across the nation, people watched the violence used by the Birmingham police against peaceful protesters on television
Who were the Freedom Riders?
• African American and white volunteers who traveled on buses to the South to bring attention to segregation on the bus systems.
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Why was the march on Washington, D.C., a momentous event?
• Organized by A. Philip Randolph and Dr. King to support Kennedy’s civil rights bill
• Dr. King delivered his I Have a Dream Speech before 200,000 demonstrators of all races at the march.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Banned racial discrimination in hotels, restaurants, unions and federal contractors.
• Also protected minority groups and women.
“Freedom Summer”• A campaign in 1964 to register black voters in Mississippi
• Volunteers were often attacked
• Three were killed by the KKK