Congress Chapter 10. Section 1 The National Legislature Why is power divided between two houses?...
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Transcript of Congress Chapter 10. Section 1 The National Legislature Why is power divided between two houses?...
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Congress
Chapter 10
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Section 1
The National Legislature Why is power divided between two
houses? What is a term of Congress? How have sessions of Congress
changed over time?
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What exactly is Congress?
Senate House of Representatives
Elected officials from each state who represent us and work for us
http://www.lsb.state.ok.us/
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What does Congress do? Make laws (Article 1 from Constitution)
Write, debate, and pass bills onto the President
Additional Agencies to support Congress Coin money, maintain a military, declare
war, regulate foreign and interstate commerce (trade)
Controls taxing and spending policies Oversee Departments, hold hearings
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The meetings of Congress
In January every two years following congressional elections (voters choose all representatives and a third of the senators)
House membership (ALL) face re-election every two years Senate - continuing body because there is never an entirely new Senate.
Since the First Congress (1789 to 1791) all Congresses have been numbered in order.
Currently in the 112th Congress Meets once every year
Usually the session lasts from January 3rd to July 31st, but it can last much longer.
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112th CongressJan 3, 2011 – Jan 3, 2013
Republicans have majority of the House 242 Republicans – largest since 80th
Congress (1947-1949) Democrats kept the majority in the
Senate, but not as much as previous
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United States Senate51 Democrats
2 Independents47 Republicans
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U.S. House of Representatives193 Democrats242 Republicans
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112th Congress Major Events
Jan 6 – House of Representatives read a modified version of the Constitution (historic first)
Jan 8 – Tuscon shooting (D) Representative Gabrielle Giffords (and
19 other people) U.S. District Judge John Roll died in the
shooting Jan 25 – State of the Union address April 9 -Potential Government Shutdown
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Why is power divided between two houses? (bicameral) History repeats itself – Parliament
has had two houses since 1300’s Practicality – Compromise between
Virginia and New Jersey Plans – settled representation issues
Theory – Checks and balances to keep Federal government from becoming too powerful
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What is a term?
The length of time officials will serve after an election
20th Amendment (1933) sets the date “noon on the 3rd day of January” of
every odd numbered year
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What is a session? The regular period of time during
which Congress conducts business Will adjourn (suspend until next
session, each regular session as it sees fit)
President can prorogue (adjourn) only when 2 houses cannot agree on date for adjournment
President can call special session to deal with emergency
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Powers of Congress Mosaic 30pts
Pretend you are an artist who has been paid to create a mosaic/quilt on the Powers of Congress
Congress has 18 powers listed in the Constitution – you are to choose 9 of these powers to make your assignment
Tiles are to be rectangles with symbols/pictures that represent the power listed (like a $100 bill for “coin money”)
Each tile should also contain a title/key words to describe it
If done in video or quilt form = extra credit
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I. House of Representatives A. Characteristics
1. size = 2. term = 3. dates of election =
B. Qualifications 1. age requirement = 2. length of citizenship = 3. residency =
C. Vocabulary Terms 1. gerrymandering 2. re-apportion 3. off-year election
I. Senate A. Characteristics
1. size = 2. term = 3. dates of election =
B. Qualifications 1. age requirement = 2. length of citizenship = 3. residency =
C. Vocabulary Terms 1. continuous body 2. constituents
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House of Representatives
Section 2
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House of Representatives
What are the size and terms of the House of Representatives?
How are House seats reapportioned among the States after each census?
How can we describe a typical congressional election and congressional district?
What are the formal and informal qualifications for serving in the House?
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Rep. John Sullivanof Tulsa (1st District)Republican—6 terms
Rep. Dan Borenof Paden (2d District)Democrat—4 terms
US House of Representatives
Rep. Frank D. Lucasof Cheyenne (3d District)Republican—10 terms
Rep. Tom Coleof Moore (4th District)Republican—5 terms
Rep. James Lankfordof Edmond (5th District)Republican—1 term
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Representative Qualifications FORMAL
At least 25 years old
Must have been a citizen of US at least 7 years
Must be inhabitant (live) in the state elected in
INFORMAL Party
identification Name familiarity Gender Ethnic
characteristics Political
experience
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Speaker of the House
Roles: Calls the House to order Administers the oath of office to House
Members Presides over debates, recognizes Members to
speak on the floor, preserves order, delegates the power to another member of Congress
Sets the legislative agenda Leads the appointment process for chairs
(those in charge) of committees/subcommittees and conference committees
Second in line of Succession to Presidency
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Speaker of the House Elected by fellow Members Nancy Pelosi (2007 to 2010)
“Firsts” as Speaker of the House Woman Italian-American Californian
John Boehner (R-Ohio) is the new SoH after Nov. 2 elections
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Size and Terms
435 members Seats in the House
will be apportioned distributed among the states based on population
Members serve two-year terms
Currently, no limit on how many terms a House of Representative member can serve
SIZE TERMS
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Reapportionment
U.S. population grows = number of representatives in the House also grows
Reapportionment Act of 1929 set the “permanent” size of the House at 435
members provided for “automatic reapportionment.”
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Congressional Elections
Held on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November of each even-numbered year.
Off-year elections are held between presidential elections
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Districts and Gerrymandering
Under the single-member district arrangement, the voter’s in each district elect one of the State’s representatives.
The general-ticket system, no longer in use, provided that all of a State’s seats were filled at-large.
Districts that have unusual shapes or even defy description have sometimes been gerrymandered.
Gerrymandering refers to the act of drawing congressional districts to the advantage of the political party that controls the State legislature.
Districts Gerrymandering
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Senate
Section 3
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Senate
How does the size of the Senate differ from the size of the House?
How have States elected senators in the past and present?
How and why does a senator’s term differ from a representative’s term?
What are the qualifications for serving in the Senate?
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Sen. James M. Inhofeof TulsaRepublican—Nov. 17, 1994
Sen. Tom Coburn, M.D.of MuskogeeRepublican—Jan. 4, 2005
Oklahoma Senators
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Senator Qualifications
FORMAL At least 30 years old Must have been a citizen of US at
least 9 years Must be inhabitant (live) in the
state elected in
(Higher than those of a Representative)
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Size and Terms
100 members Seats in the
Senate are guaranteed in the Constitution Each state has 2
Members serve six-year terms
Continuous body – meaning not all Senate seats up for election at once
SIZE TERMS
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Members of Congress
What are the personal and political backgrounds of the current members of Congress?
What are the duties of the job of serving in Congress?
How are members of Congress compensated, and what privileges do they have?
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US House of RepresentativesDemographics
Republicans 242 (55.63%) Democrats – 193 (44.37) Men – 363 (83.45%) Women – 72 (16.55%) Race – Sexual Orientation - Caucasians – 362 (83.22%) Straight/Heterosexual -431 African Americans – 42 (9.66%) Gay/Homosexual - 4 Hispanics – 24 (5.52%) Asians – 6 (1.38%) Native Americans – 1 (0.23%) Veterans - 84 Religion – Christians – 399 Jews – 27 Buddhists – 3 Muslims – 2 Agnostics/Atheists – 1 Instated/Ambiguous - 3
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The Job Representative of the People -
Trustees – vote based on merit Delegate – vote the way they think the people
back home would vote Partisans – vote the way their political party
would vote Politicos – vote based on combining all of the
above
Committee Members - Oversight function – a form of checks an balances
Servants – “it helps to know people”
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The Benefits Salary – $174,000 (1789-1855 = $6.00
while in session) Speaker of the House - $223,500
Franking privilege - free postage As well as –
free printing, low cost advertisements, recreational activities, free parking, at Capitol and D.C. airports, restaurants
Special tax deductions, 2 homes, travel allowances, low cost health insurance, big retirement plan, many offices