Mutagenesis (mutations) and Teratogenesis (congenital malformations)
Congenital Urogenital Malformations
description
Transcript of Congenital Urogenital Malformations
Congenital Urogenital
MalformationsPrefinal
Renal agenesis Renal hypoplasia Renal fusion Ectopic kidney Ureteral atresia Duplication of the
ureter
Supernumerary kidneys
Topics
Virtually always unilateral. Kidney is either absent or
undeveloped. Usually causes no symptoms and
found incidentally.
Renal agenesis
Renal Agenesis
May appear as one small kidney
with the other one larger than normal.
Small kidneys also have small arteries and are associated with hypertension requiring nephrectomy.
Renal hypoplasia
Renal hypoplasia
Prevalence 1 in 1,000 people. Most frequent abnormality seen is
a horseshoe kidney containing 2 excretory systems and 2 ureters.
Usually asymptomatic but are prone to obstruction.
Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney)
Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney)
In simple ectopy, the kidney does
not ascend properly and is found in the pelvis or over the brim.
Prone to obstruction and infection. Less commonly crossed ectopy
without fusion. The kidney then lies on the opposite side and is not attached to the normally placed kidney.
Ectopic (Pelvis Kidney)
Ectopic Kidney (Pelvis Kidney)
The ureter may be absent or fails to
extend to the bladder and therefore with a blind ending.
It is associated with ipsilateral absent or multicystic kidney.
Bilateral atresia is incompatible with life. Unilateral atresia is usually asymptomatic but may cause hypertension.
Ureteral atresia
Ureteral atresia
One of the most common congenital
malformations of the urinary tract with duplication found in 0.9% of a series of autopsies.
More common in females and is often bilateral.
Often asymptomatic but commonly presents with persistent or recurrent urinary tract infections.
Duplication of the ureter
Duplication of the
ureter
Third kidney is very rare and not to
be confused with the relatively common unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis.
Supernumerary kidneys
Supernumerary kidneys