Congenital malformation of brain 1.Meningocele: Partial or total absence of occipital bones results...
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Congenital malformation of brain
1. Meningocele: Partial or total absence of occipital bones results in protrusion of the meninges from the brain.
2. Meningoencephalocoele: Large defects of occipital bone results in protrusion part of the brain and even ventricle.
3. Anencephaly: Failure of the cephalic part of the neural tube to close. The vault of the skull is missen.
4. Hydrocephaly: Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids within the ventricles or between the brain and dura matter.
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Spinal cord defects (Spina BIFIDA OCCULATA)
The spinal vertebrae especially in the lumbar region showed failure of neural arch closure and result in exposure of the neural tissues .
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Case of Hydrocephaly& Spina bifida
occulata
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Spina bifida
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Meningocoele
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Hydrocephaly &Cleft lip
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Meningoencephalocoele
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Gastroschisis
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DifferentAbnormalities
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Face Abnormalities
• Cleft lip
• Cleft palate.
• Extreme micrognatha.
• Agnathia (Absence of lower jaw).
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Normal
Abnormal• Bilateral cleft lip• Deformed ear
NormalAbnormal
• Anencephaly (missen of head region)• Absence of ear
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• Amelia.
• Micromelia.
• Polydactyly.
• Syndactyly.
• Lobster claw.
• Club foot.
• Congenital hip dislocation.
Limb Abnormalities
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Abnormal • duplication of foot• Polydactyly
PolydactylySyndactyly (fused toes)
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Sydactyly
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polydactyly
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Club foot
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Bifurcated ribs
AbnormalSupernumerary forepaw
phalanx
Absent of one or more phalanges
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• Klinefelter syndrome.• Turner syndrome.• Triple X-syndrome.• Testicular feminization syndrome.• Intersexuality ( either true hermaphrodite or
pseudohermaphrodite ).• Non-descended testis.• Ectopic testis.
Genital System Abnormalities
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• Renal agenesis.
• Renal hypoplasia.
• Renal duplication.
• Polycystic kidney.
• Pelvic kidney.
• Horse-Shoe-shaped kidney.
Kidney Abnormalities
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• Diaphragmatic hernia.• Failure of sternal fusion.• Ectopic cardia.• Gastroschisis.
Abdominal Abnormalities
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• Coloboma iridis.• Congenital cataract.• Anophthalmia.• Microphthalmia.
Eye Abnormalities