CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF PITUITARY GLAND

MARYAM JAMILAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID082013100002

IMS BANGALORE

LEARNING OUTCOME

• List down the possible congenital anomalies of pituitary gland

• Explain the malformation of these congenital anomalies

INTRODUCTIONLobes:-anterior lobe-posterior lobe

Anterior lobe :Outpocketing of ectodermal of Rathke’s pouch

Posterior lobe :Downward extension of the diencephalon

Possible congenital anomalies

• Ectopic posterior pituitary

• Pharyngeal hypophysis

• Agenesis/Hypogenesis of pituitary gland

• Duplication of pituitary gland

• Congenital tumor of the gland

(Craniopharyngioma)

1) Ectopic posterior pituitary

An absent normal posterior pituitary brightspot within the sella with ectopic bright signal atanother site (such as the median eminence) ona weighted magnetic resonance

Development:Incomplete caudal extension of thediencephalon during embryogenesis

Effect:Pituitary dwarfismLack of growth hormone

2) Pharyngeal hypophysis

Development:-A remnant of the stalk of the hypophysialdiverticulum in the roof of the oropharynx

Pharyngeal hypophysis

3) Agenesis/Hypogenesis of pituitary gland

Development:

Effect:

Absence of the gland is incompatible with life,

i.e. it leads to death of the infant

Hypogenesis of pituitary gland: It leads to

panhypopituitarism

4) Duplication of pituitary gland

Development:-Fewer than 40 cases since 1880-A rare craniofacial developmental anomalyoccurring during blastogenesis.

5) Congenital tumor of the gland(Craniopharyngioma)

Development:A tumor arises from a remnant of Rathke'spouch. *

Effect:

• Increasing the intracranial pressure;

hydrocephalus

• Disrupting the function of the pituitary gland

• Damaging the optic nerve

REFERENCES

• Embryology IB Singh• Embryology Langman• https://www.inkling.com/read/the-developing-h

uman-moore-9th/chapter-17/pharyngeal-hypophysis-and

• http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=1;spage=23;epage=23;aulast=Manjila

• http://www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/tayendoweb/craniopharyngioma.htm

THANK YOU