Conflicts on the Great Plains and Wild West
191
Cultures Clash on the Prairie • By Jack Garrity
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Transcript of Conflicts on the Great Plains and Wild West
Cultures Clash on the Prairie
bull By Jack Garrity
bull Book pages 406-433
bull The cattle industry and mass farming boomed in the late 1800s as the culture of the Plains Indians declined Mining and railroading brought people to the West and turned it into a booming region The conditions for struggling Native Americans went from bad to worst
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Most Easterners knew little about the West picturing a vast
desert occupied by savage tribes a very inaccurate view
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Native American cultures had reinvented themselves after being
pushed out of the east coast
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
bull Book pages 406-433
bull The cattle industry and mass farming boomed in the late 1800s as the culture of the Plains Indians declined Mining and railroading brought people to the West and turned it into a booming region The conditions for struggling Native Americans went from bad to worst
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Most Easterners knew little about the West picturing a vast
desert occupied by savage tribes a very inaccurate view
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Native American cultures had reinvented themselves after being
pushed out of the east coast
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
bull The cattle industry and mass farming boomed in the late 1800s as the culture of the Plains Indians declined Mining and railroading brought people to the West and turned it into a booming region The conditions for struggling Native Americans went from bad to worst
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Most Easterners knew little about the West picturing a vast
desert occupied by savage tribes a very inaccurate view
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Native American cultures had reinvented themselves after being
pushed out of the east coast
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Most Easterners knew little about the West picturing a vast
desert occupied by savage tribes a very inaccurate view
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Native American cultures had reinvented themselves after being
pushed out of the east coast
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Native American cultures had reinvented themselves after being
pushed out of the east coast
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull To the east near the lower Missouri River tribes such as the Osage and Iowa had
for more than a century hunted and planted crops and settled in small villages
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Farther west nomadic tribes such as the Sioux and Cheyenne
gathered wild foods and hunted buffalo
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Culture of the Plains Indiansbull Peoples of the Plains abiding by tribal law traded and produced
beautifully crafted tools and clothing
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO Spanish horses (1598) and guns changed Great Plainrsquos Native American life
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOBy the mid-1700s almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Increased mobility often led to war when hunters as tribes
trespassed on other tribesrsquo hunting grounds
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Plains warrior gained more honor by ldquocounting couprdquo than by killing
enemies touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Warring tribes often called truces to trade goods share news or
enjoy harvest festivals
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Native Americans made tepees from buffalo hides and also used
the skins for clothing shoes and blankets
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALObull Buffalo meat was dried into jerky or mixed with berries and fat to
make a staple food called pemmican
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Native Americans lived in small extended family groups with ties
to other bands that spoke the same language
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Young men trained to become hunters and warriors The women helped butcher
the game and prepared the hides that the men brought back to the camp
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Women usually choose their husbands
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull The Plains Indian tribes believed that powerful spirits controlled
events in the natural world
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Men or women who showed particular sensitivity to the spirits
became medicine men or women or shamans
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Children learned proper behavior and culture through stories and
myths games and good examples
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull Families had a communal way of life no individual was allowed
to dominate the group
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
FAMILY LIFE bull The leaders of a tribe ruled by counsel rather than by force and
land was held in common for the use of the whole tribe
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Settlers Push Westwardbull How did Plainrsquos American culture differ from those of European
Americans
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Settlers Push Westwardbull Easterners and settlers believed that owning land was a
fundamental part of society
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers made mining claims farms or started businesses
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Settlers Push Westwardbull They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their
rights to the land because they hadnrsquot settled down to ldquoimproverdquo it
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Settlers Push Westwardbull Settlers streamed westward along railroad and wagon trails to
claim the land
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of silver and gold rapidly increased the number of
people moving west
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull The discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858 drew tens of thousands
of miners to the region
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Most mining camps and tiny frontier towns had filthy
ramshackle living quarters
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Fortune seekers of every description mdashincluding Irish German
Polish Chinese and African-American menmdashcrowded the camps and boomtowns
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLDbull Cities such as Virginia City Nevada and Helena Montana
originated as mining camps on Native American land
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull The railroads influenced the governmentrsquos policy toward the
Plains Native Americans
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In 1834 the federal governmentrsquos act had declared the
entire Great Plains as one big reservation or land set aside for Native American tribes
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull However the government changed the agreement
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull In the 1850s the federal government created treaties that
defined specific boundaries for each tribe
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Restricts Native Americansbull Most Native Americans spurned the government treaties and
continued to hunt on their traditional lands clashing with settlers and minersmdashwith tragic results
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull In 1864 the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection
of the US government had peacefully returned to Coloradorsquos Sand Creek Reserve for the winter
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Yet General S R Curtis US Army commander in the West
sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read ldquoI want no peace till the Indians suffer morerdquo
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and
Arapahomdashabout 200 warriors and 500 women and childrenmdashcamped at Sand Creek
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK bull The attack at dawn on November 29 1864 killed over 150
humans mostly women and children
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Bozeman Trail ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds
in the Bighorn Mountains
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull The Sioux chief Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta) unsuccessfully
appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In December 1866 the warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain
William J Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Over 80 soldiers were killed
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Skirmishes continued until the government agreed to close the
Bozeman Trail
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull In return the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the
Missouri River (the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868)
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull However Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka) leader of the
Hunkpapa Sioux had never signed it
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull Sitting Bull along with the Ogala and Brule Sioux (signed the
treaty) all expected that they could hunt in the traditional lands
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAILbull So tensions and conflict between the two cultures continued as
settlers moved westward and Native American nations resisted the restrictions imposed upon them
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
RED RIVER WAR bull In 1868 war broke out yet again as the Kiowa and Comanche
engaged in six years of raiding that finally led to the Red River War of 1874ndash1875
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
RED RIVER WAR bull General Philip Sheridan and the US Army responded by herding
the people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridan gave orders ldquoto destroy their villages and ponies to kill
and hang all warriors and to bring back all women and childrenrdquo
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
RED RIVER WAR bull Sheridanrsquos total war tactics crushed resistance on the southern plains
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GOLD RUSHbull Four years after the Treaty of Fort Laramie miners began
searching the Black Hills for gold
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GOLD RUSHbull The Sioux Cheyenne and Arapaho protested to no avail
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GOLD RUSH In 1874 a gold rush began as Colonel George A Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold ldquofrom the grass roots downrdquo
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GOLD RUSHRed Cloud and Spotted Tail another Sioux chief vainly appealed again to government officials in Washington
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In June 1876 the Sioux and Cheyenne held a sun dance during
which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and some Native Americans falling from their horses
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn
River the Native Americans were ready for them
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Led by Crazy Horse Gall and Sitting Bull the warriorsmdash with raised
spears and riflesmdashoutflanked and crushed Custerrsquos troops Within an hour Custer and all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull However total war of the US Army defeated the Sioux by late 1876
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada where
they remained until 1881
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull Sitting Bull surrendered (to prevent his peoplersquos starvation)
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
CUSTERrsquoS LAST STANDbull In1885 he appeared in William F ldquoBuffalo Billrdquo Codyrsquos Wild West
Show
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Supports Assimilationbull The Native Americans still had supporters in the United States
and debate over the treatment of Native Americans continued
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the governmentrsquos many broken
promises in her 1881 book A Century of Dishonor
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Government Supports Assimilationbull Many sympathizers supported assimilation a plan under which Native Americans
gave up their beliefs and way of life and become part of European American culture
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DAWES ACTbull In 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to ldquoAmericanizerdquo the Native
Americans The act broke up the reservations and gave 160 acres to married Native Americans 80 acres to unmarried people
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DAWES ACTbull The government sold the remainder of the reservations to settlers the
money promised to Native Americans to buy farm machines
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DAWES ACTbull By 1932 settlers had taken about 66 percent of the reservations
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DAWES ACTbull The Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull The greatest blow to tribal life was the destruction of the buffalo
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull Tourists and fur traders shot buffalo for sport
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull General Sheridan approved that buffalo hunters destroyed the
Plains Indiansrsquo main source of food clothing shelter and fuel
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1800 approximately 65 million buffalo roamed the plains by
1890 fewer than 1000 remained
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALObull In 1900 the United States sheltered in Yellowstone National Park
a single wild herd of buffalo
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Sioux suffering from poverty and disease turned to a
Paiute prophet
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual
called the Ghost Dance Native American lands and way of life would be restored
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Ghost Dance movement spread rapidly among the 25000
Sioux on the Dakota reservation
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The Army ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull by 40 Native
American police in December 1890
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Sitting Bullrsquos friend and bodyguard Catch-the-Bear shot one of
them The police then killed Sitting Bull In the aftermath Chief Big Foot led the fearful Sioux away
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull On December 28 1890 the Seventh CavalrymdashCusterrsquos old
regimentmdashtook 350 starving and freezing Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The next day the soldiers demanded that the Native Americans
give up all their weapons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Someone shot a gun and the soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull Within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed
Native Americans including several children
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The Battle of Wounded Kneebull This the ldquoBattle of Wounded Kneerdquo brought the Indian warsmdash
and an entire eramdashto a bitter end
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
bull ldquoI did not know then how much was ended When I look back I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard A peoplersquos dream died there It was a beautiful dreamrdquo mdashBlack Elk
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business
bull As the great herds of buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto smaller and less desirable reservations horses and cattle flourished on the plains As cattle ranchers opened up the Great Plains to big business ranching from Texas to Kansas became a profitable investment
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull American settlers learned how to manage large herds of cattle
from Mexicans
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The animals themselves the Texas longhorns came from Spain
along with the horses
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull As American as the cowboy seems today his way of life stemmed
directly from that of those first Spanish ranchers in Mexico
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The cowboyrsquos clothes food and vocabulary were learned from
the Mexican vaquero
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Vaqueroes wore spurs attached with straps to his bare feet to
control his horse
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Chaparreras or leather overalls became known as chaps
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Charqui became ldquojerkyrdquomdashdried strips of meat The Spanish
bronco caballo or ldquorough horserdquo became a bronco or bronc
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull Strays or mestentildeos the same mustangs that the American
cowboy tamed and prized
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
VAQUEROS AND COWBOYSbull The Mexican rancho became the American ranch and the corral
entered English
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached
the Great Plains
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull Before the Civil War ranchers for the most part didnrsquot stray far
from their homesteads with their cattle
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull In 1854 two ranchers drove their cattle 700 miles to Muncie Indiana
where they put them on stock cars bound for New York City
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cattle Becomes Big Business bull When the cattle were unloaded in New York the stampede that
followed caused a panic on Third Avenue not ready for the mass transportation of animals
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Daily life of a Cowboy
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull After the Civil War the demand for beef skyrocketed as the cities
rapidly grew
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened in 1865 and by spring
1866 the railroads were running regularly through Sedalia Missouri From Sedalia Texas ranchers could ship their cattle to Chicago and markets throughout the East
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull However the route to Sedalia presented several obstacles
including thunderstorms and rain-swollen rivers
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Also in 1866 farmers angry about trampled crops blockaded
cattle in Baxter Springs Kansas preventing them from reaching Sedali
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF bull Some herds then had to be sold at cut-rate prices others died of
starvation
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE COW TOWN
bull Illinois cattle dealer Joseph McCoy made a deal with Abilene Kansas creating a shipping yard where the trails and rail lines came together
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE COW TOWN
bull McCoy built cattle pens a three-story hotel and helped survey the Chisholm Trailmdashthe major cattle route from San Antonio Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
THE COW TOWN
bull Thirty-five thousand head of cattle were shipped out of the yard in Abilene during its first year in operation
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
The End of the Open Range
bull Almost as quickly as cattle herds multiplied and ranching became big business the cattle frontier met its end
The End of the Open Range
bull Overgrazing of the land extended bad weather and the invention of barbed wire were largely responsible
The End of the Open Range
bull Between 1883 and 1887 alternating patterns of dry summers and harsh winters wiped out whole herds ranchers raised smaller herds with more meat per animal
The End of the Open Range
bull Farmers and ranchers fenced the land with barbed wire invented by Illinois farmer Joseph F Glidden It was cheap and easy to use and helped to turn the open plains into a series of fenced-in ranches
The End of the Open Range
bull The era of the wide-open West was over
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
The End of the Open Range
bull Overgrazing of the land extended bad weather and the invention of barbed wire were largely responsible
The End of the Open Range
bull Between 1883 and 1887 alternating patterns of dry summers and harsh winters wiped out whole herds ranchers raised smaller herds with more meat per animal
The End of the Open Range
bull Farmers and ranchers fenced the land with barbed wire invented by Illinois farmer Joseph F Glidden It was cheap and easy to use and helped to turn the open plains into a series of fenced-in ranches
The End of the Open Range
bull The era of the wide-open West was over
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
The End of the Open Range
bull Between 1883 and 1887 alternating patterns of dry summers and harsh winters wiped out whole herds ranchers raised smaller herds with more meat per animal
The End of the Open Range
bull Farmers and ranchers fenced the land with barbed wire invented by Illinois farmer Joseph F Glidden It was cheap and easy to use and helped to turn the open plains into a series of fenced-in ranches
The End of the Open Range
bull The era of the wide-open West was over
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
The End of the Open Range
bull Farmers and ranchers fenced the land with barbed wire invented by Illinois farmer Joseph F Glidden It was cheap and easy to use and helped to turn the open plains into a series of fenced-in ranches
The End of the Open Range
bull The era of the wide-open West was over
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
The End of the Open Range
bull The era of the wide-open West was over
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull In the 1880s William F Cody toured the country with a show called Buffalo Billrsquos Wild West
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
bull The show featured trick riding and roping exhibitions It thrilled audiences with mock battles between cowboys and Indians
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Showbull Wild Bill Hickok Annie Oakley Calamity Jane and even Sitting Bull toured in Wild
West shows Their performances helped make Western life a part of American mythology
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settling on the Great Plains
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
bull Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships route Today the Great Plains feeds most of the world
bull It took over 250 yearsmdashfrom the first settlement at Jamestown until 1870mdashto turn 400 million acres of forests and prairies into flourishing farms Settling the second 400 million acres took only 30 years from 1870 to 1900 Federal land policy and the completion of transcontinental railroad lines made this rapid settlement possible
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull The railroad companies sold some of their land to farmers for two
to ten dollars an acre
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull Some companies successfully sent agents to Europe to recruit
buyers
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Move Westward to Farmbull By 1880 44 percent of the settlers in Nebraska and more than 70
percent of those in Minnesota and Wisconsin were immigrants
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The land became another powerful attraction of the West as
Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen
or intended citizen who was head of the household
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull From 1862 to 1900 up to 600000 families took advantage of the
governmentrsquos offer
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Several thousand African American settlers ( exodusters) moved
from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Despite the massive response by homesteaders private
speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In addition not all plots of land were of equal value Although 160
acres could provide a decent living in the fertile soil of Iowa or Minnesota settlers on drier Western land required larger plots to make farming worthwhile
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Eventually the government strengthened the Homestead Act and
passed more legislation to encourage settlers
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In 1889 a major land giveaway in what is now Oklahoma
attracted thousands of people
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull In less than a day land-hungry settlers claimed 2 million acres in
a massive land rush
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull Some took possession of the land before the government
officially declared it open
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENTbull These settlers claimed land sooner than they were supposed to
Oklahoma came to be known as the Sooner State
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull As settlers gobbled up Western land Henry D Washburn and fellow explorer Nathaniel P Langford asked Congress to help protect the wilderness from settlement
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull In 1872 the government created Yellowstone National Park
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
bull Seven years later the Department of the Interior forced railroads to give up their claim to Western landholdings
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1880 individuals had bought more than 19 million acres of
government-owned land
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER bull By 1890 the frontier no longer existed
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull floods fires
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
bull Blizzards in the winter
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
bull locust plagues in the summer
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull raids by outlaws and Native Americans
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Yet the number of people grew from 1 percent of the nationrsquos
population in 1850 to almost 30 percent by 1900
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Since trees were scarce most settlers built their homes from the
land itself Many pioneers dug their homes into the sides of ravines or small hills
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull You could make a house out of blocks of prairie turf bull
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains bull Snakes insects and wild animals moved in and they leaked
when it rained
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women often worked beside the men in the fields plowing the
land and planting and harvesting mostly wheat
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They sheared the sheep and carded wool to make clothes for their
families They hauled water from wells that they had helped to dig and made soap and candles from tallow
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull They canned fruits and vegetables They cured snakebites and
set broken bones and crushed limbs
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
WOMENrsquoS WORKbull Women also sponsored schools and churches in an effort to build
strong communities
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull Despite all the challenges homesteads established farms throughout the
prairie
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1837 John Deere had invented a steel plow that could slice
through heavy soil
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce a reaping
machine
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
bull The grain drill to plant the seed (1841) barbed wire to fence the land (1874) and the corn binder (1878) Then came a reaper that could cut and thresh wheat in one pass
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERSbull In 1830 making a bushel (54lbs) of grain took about 183
minutes By 1900 with the use of these machines it took only 10 minutes
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The federal government supported farmers by financing agricultural education
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the states
to help finance agricultural colleges
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull The Hatch Act of 1887 established agricultural experiment
stations to inform farmers of new developments
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONbull Agricultural researchers developed grains for all soils Innovations
enabled the dry eastern plains to flourish and become ldquothe breadbasket of the nationrdquo
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Great Plains
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull The new equipment was expensive and farmers often had to borrow money to buy it
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull When prices for wheat were higher farmers could usually repay their loans When wheat prices fell however farmers needed to raise more crops to make ends meet This situation gave rise to a new type of farming in the late 1870s
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Railroad companies and investors created bonanza farms
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Huge single-crop spreads of 15000ndash50000 acres For example the Cass-CheneyDalrymple farm (North Dakota) covered 24 square miles (62 sq kilo)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull By 1900 the average farmer had nearly 150 acres (607028 square meters)
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Some farmers mortgaged their land to buy more property and as farms grew bigger so did farmersrsquo debts
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
bull Mortgage a legal agreement in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a house) and pays back the money over a period of years
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Between 1885 and 1890 many bonanza farms went bankrupt during a drought
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Small farms did better but railroads put additional pressure on
farmers by charging high local fees
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT bull Railroads charged farmers more for short hauls for which there
was no competing transportation than for long hauls to the east coast
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT bull The railroads claimed that they were merely doing business but
farmers resented being taken advantage of
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull ldquoNo other system of taxation has borne as heavily on the people as those extortions and inequalities of railroad chargesrdquo wrote bull in an article in the March 1881 edition of Atlantic Monthly
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull Many farmers bought as much land as they could to grow as much as they couldhellipgoing further into debt
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
FARMERS IN DEBT
bull But they were not defeated by these conditions Instead they grouped together to fight in a common causebull
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
End
- Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- The Culture of the Plains Indians
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (2)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (3)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (4)
- The Culture of the Plains Indians (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (5)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (6)
- THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO (7)
- FAMILY LIFE
- FAMILY LIFE (2)
- FAMILY LIFE (3)
- FAMILY LIFE (4)
- FAMILY LIFE (5)
- FAMILY LIFE (6)
- FAMILY LIFE (7)
- FAMILY LIFE (8)
- Settlers Push Westward
- Settlers Push Westward (2)
- Settlers Push Westward (3)
- Settlers Push Westward (4)
- Settlers Push Westward (5)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (2)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (3)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (4)
- THE LURE OF SILVER AND GOLD (5)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (2)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (3)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (4)
- The Government Restricts Native Americans (5)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (2)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (3)
- MASSACRE AT SAND CREEK (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (2)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (3)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (4)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (5)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (6)
- Slide 49
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (7)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (8)
- DEATH ON THE BOZEMAN TRAIL (9)
- RED RIVER WAR
- RED RIVER WAR (2)
- RED RIVER WAR (3)
- RED RIVER WAR (4)
- GOLD RUSH
- GOLD RUSH (2)
- GOLD RUSH (3)
- GOLD RUSH (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (2)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (3)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (4)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (5)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (6)
- CUSTERrsquoS LAST STAND (7)
- The Government Supports Assimilation
- The Government Supports Assimilation (2)
- The Government Supports Assimilation (3)
- THE DAWES ACT
- THE DAWES ACT (2)
- Slide 73
- THE DAWES ACT (3)
- THE DAWES ACT (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (2)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (3)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (4)
- THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (2)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (3)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (4)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (5)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (6)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (7)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (8)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (9)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (10)
- The Battle of Wounded Knee (11)
- Slide 92
- Cattle Becomes Big Business
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (2)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (3)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (4)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (5)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (6)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (7)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (8)
- VAQUEROS AND COWBOYS (9)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (3)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (4)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (5)
- Cattle Becomes Big Business (6)
- Daily life of a Cowboy
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (2)
- Slide 111
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (3)
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (4)
- Slide 114
- GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF (5)
- THE COW TOWN
- THE COW TOWN (2)
- THE COW TOWN (3)
- Cowboys and Chisolm Trail started Country Western Music
- The End of the Open Range
- The End of the Open Range (2)
- The End of the Open Range (3)
- The End of the Open Range (4)
- The End of the Open Range (5)
- Slide 125
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (2)
- Buffalo Bill and The Wild West Show (3)
- Settling on the Great Plains
- Slide 130
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (2)
- Settlers Move Westward to Farm (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (2)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (3)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (4)
- Slide 138
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (5)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (6)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (7)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (8)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (9)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (10)
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SETTLEMENT (11)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (2)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (3)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (4)
- THE CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (2)
- Slide 153
- Slide 154
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (3)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (4)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (5)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (6)
- Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains (7)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK
- Slide 161
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (2)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (3)
- WOMENrsquoS WORK (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (2)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (3)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (4)
- TECNICAL SUPPORT FOR FARMERS (5)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (2)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (3)
- AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION (4)
- Great Plains
- Slide 175
- FARMERS IN DEBT
- FARMERS IN DEBT (2)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (3)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (4)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (5)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (6)
- Slide 182
- FARMERS IN DEBT (7)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (8)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (9)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (10)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (11)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (12)
- FARMERS IN DEBT (13)
- Next timehellip The Rise and Fall of Popularize and
- End
-
