conference Programme UPDaTe - HF Mixing Group...The presentation will discuss ways of minimising the...

11, 12, 13 February 2014 KöLN MESSE, COLOGNE, GErMaNy

conferenceProgramme UPDaTe

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Tire Technology Expo Conference has grown in importance and scale every year and is now set for the Best eVeR series of programmes and speakers in 2014.

said by many participants to be simply the best tire industry event, it has the added benefit of 200+ exhibitors in two exhibition halls, plus the must-attend tire technology international Annual Awards and gala Dinner. Join hundreds of colleagues from all over the world. get the dates in your diary and your visa applications in noW!

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Main conference is 11, 12, 13 February. You can book one- or two-day courses PLUS two days of main conference as a package, cost �1,475; or three days main conference PLUS an optional one-day course at �1,475. For other options please email [email protected].

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akron tire mechanics short course 4-day pass �1,475 10-13 february

intelligent vehicle and tire systems for energy efficiency and safety course 3-day pass �1,245 10-12 february

rubber materials short course 2-day pass �925 10-11 february

basic rubber compounding course 2-day pass �925 10-11 february

tire mathematical modelling course 1-day pass �575 10 february

tire regulation short course 1-day pass �575 10 february

combined tire conference + one 1-day or 2-day course only �1,475



Day 1 Tuesday 11 February09:00 - 09:20 The RobeRT William Thomson lecTuRe

Eric-Philippe Vinesse, pre-development director, Michelin,

09:20 - 13:00 a look aT fuTuRe TRends in TiRe Technology

Moderator: Michael Staude, product line manager tires/wheels, TUV SUD Automotive GmbH, Germany

09:20 Challenges in the u uHP segmentDr Burkhard Wies, vice president Tire Line Development Worldwide, Continental, Germany

Tall and narrow tire sizes: the new ECO UHP segment, U UHP tires and specific demands on grip and handling. Plus 1 inch up concept for winter tires.

09:45 Indirect TPMs and its market acceptanceBernd Schuchhardt, general director, Dunlop Tech GmbH, Germany

Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd (SRI) introduced their indirect TPMS into the world market during the second half of 2012.This product supports the SRI approach towards green and safe mobility through the development of the 100% fossil resource-free tires, run-on-flat tires and the instant mobility system. The SRI indirect TPMS system will be presented by Dunlop Tech, a subsidiary of SRI in Europe.

10:10 Optimising tire inflation pressure for vehicle performanceMaelle Dodu, research engineer, Jaguar Land Rover, UK

The tire, with its contact patch, is the only link between the vehicle and the ground and, as such, plays a fundamental role in almost all the vehicle attributes. During a new vehicle development, the tire is designed and tuned to reach a specific balance between these different vehicle attributes. This balance of performances is defined to fit with the OEM brand aspirations and the vehicle market positioning. However, one parameter can dramatically alter this hard-to-achieve balance: the tire inflation pressure. This presentation will show how an OEM can make the best use of it for improved vehicle performance.

10:35 does the tire label lead to an informed decision?Fazilet Cinaralp, secretary general, ETRMA, Belgium

No other car components must meet such complex requirements as the tire. Almost 18 months have passed since the label appeared on the market. The label is an additional purchase aid. Did it achieve its target? What are the lessons so far?

11:00 - 11:20 break

11:20 Truck tires supporting lowest overall driving costs in transport businessDr Boris Mergell, vice president Product Development Commercial Vehicle Tires, Continental AG, Germany

The presentation will discuss ways of minimising the driving cost of trucks by improvements in mileage, rolling resistance, material lifecycle (retreading and recycling) and tire pressure monitoring. It will also cover application/customer-specific requirement books impacting tire design and applied technologies, plus 2025 targets with respect to mileage, rolling resistance, load index and material lifecycle based on future transport concepts.

11:45 energy harvesting using piezoelectric materialsProf Chris Bowen, professor of Materials, University of Bath, UK

The continuing need for reduced power requirements for small electronic components, such as wireless sensor networks, has prompted renewed interest in recent years for energy harvesting technologies capable of capturing energy from ambient vibrations. This presentation provides an overview of piezoelectric harvesting systems in examples of modelling and experimental investigations of a bistable piezoelectric energy harvester, where its non-linearity enables broadband operation. Power levels that are significant in the context of wireless sensor networking are demonstrated.

12:10 Prospects for extended mobility systems: runflat tires and repair kitsPaul Ita, president, Notch Consulting Inc, USA

This paper will examine current demand and future prospects for extended mobility systems as the full-size spare tire is phased out of new cars. Focus is on prospects for tire repair kits, runflat tires and mini-spares.

12:35 Future tire production principles and methodsJacob Peled, executive chairman, Pelmar Engineering Ltd, Israel

The tire industry is a mature industry that has not changed for 110 years. We are starting to see dramatic changes in production methods and the product itself, true now also for off-highway tires. Hands-free production and components preparation are already in limited use. Future production halls will not only be smaller, but will lack calendering and tread extrusion lines. Compounding will be done elsewhere as a dedicated, generic product in the same way as moulds, drums and other tooling have disappeared from most advanced tire manufacturers. Handling and transportation, sorting and storing, all will be automated.

13:00 - 14:00 Lunch



Day 1 Tuesday 11 February10:00 - 16:05 neW polymeRs foR TiRes, synTheTic and naTuRal

Moderator, Dr Lothar Stegar, consultant, Lanxess - TRP, Germany

10:00 Functionalised ssbr technology in tire tread applicationFu Lin, R&D manager, TSRC Corporation, Taiwan

TSRC Corporation has developed its own technology to functionalise the SSBR polymer chain to combine strongly with silica filler to achieve superior filler dispersion. This leads to lower rolling resistance. TSRC has successfully developed six types of functionalised SSBR that can satisfy various performance requirements of green tires, UHP tires and snow tires.

10:25 Innovation in anti-ozonantsTom Croft, Rubber Chemicals, Addivant, USA

The paper will talk about the latest Addivant development in the area of anti-ozonants.

10:50 evaluation of a new concept for ssbr functionalisationDr Norbert Steinhauser, head R&D Anionic Polymerization, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany

The introduction of tire labelling in different regions gave fresh impetus to the use of functionalised SSBR. Functionalised SSBR in tire tread compounds allows for the reduction of rolling resistance without having negative effects on other important properties such as wet grip and wear. A new concept for SSBR functionalisation is presented, which enables not only the interaction of the functionalised polymer chain ends with the silica filler, but offers the possibility for the largely molecular-weight-independent adjustment of Mooney viscosity and cold flow for the raw polymer.

11:15 branching content of polybutadienes: linear rheology and beyondDr Saeid Kheirandish, processing expert, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Determining the exact structure of raw polymers used in tire compounds has proved to be an essential, yet elusive, task within the tire industry. It is known, for example, that changes in polymer branching can cause significant changes in the polymer-filler interaction, affecting compound behavior during processing. We will show that a combination of rheological methods (van Gurp- Palmen method from dynamic mechanical tests as well non-linear rheology) can be used to obtain a picture of polymer structure. Using this fundamental knowledge it is then possible to explain the intermediate phase morphology and behaviour of compounds during processing.

11:40 easy-processing Ndbr grades for high-performance tiresDr Heike Kloppenburg, head of R&D Ziegler-Natta Polymerization, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany

NdBR is the most promising polybutadiene grade for high-performance tires, with superior properties such as rolling resistance or abrasion compared with Co- or NiBR. So far, the processibility of these high molecular weight polymers has been a challenge to tire producers. New NdBR grades Buna Nd22EZ and Buna Nd24EZ are modified in the macrostructure by a specific long chain branching for improved mixing and extrusion behaviour. The additional backbone modification improves the polymer-polymer and polymer-filler interaction. The new Nd EZ grades equal or even outperform the similar standard Mooney NdBR grades, especially when economic mixing is preferred.

12:05 Validation of functionalised ssbr-containing tread compounds in tiresAlex Lucassen, technical marketing manager, Lanxess PBR, Germany

Influenced by market forces, tires have had to improve in properties such as traction, handling, RRc and wear. One of the tools to improve the trade-off in tire properties is the use of functionalised (fx) SSBR in silica-containing tread formulations. In the presented study, several fx SSBR are tested in real tires. Compound properties and tire results are presented as RRc, dry, wet handling and wear. It will be shown that Lanxess fx SSBR will widen the trade-off envelope in the classic tire silica tread compounding.

12:30 - 14:30 Lunch

14:30 Polymer development for sustainable product designShigenao Kuwahara, technical manager, Kuraray Europe GmbH, Germany

Kuraray has developed a series of liquid rubbers with molecular weights ranging from 8,000 to 50,000. These polymers, which consist of isoprene, butadiene and styrene, can be used by rubber processors to achieve improvements in properties and processing. Liquid rubbers can be used for a wide range of applications including rubber goods, adhesives, automotive/construction sealants and others. The main application of Kuraray liquid rubber (KLR) is in rubber goods, particularly tire compounds. KLR can be used for various parts of the tire, including tread, carcass, sidewall and bead filler.

14:55 Performance of NOVares hydrocarbon resins in green tiresDr Jun Liu, manager Application Technology, Rütgers Novares GmbH, Germany

NOVARES resins are used in the tire tread where they improve grip performance at a comparable level of rolling resistance. They offer high aromaticity at a low PAH content. These resins are also used in technical rubber goods such as conveyor belts, special rubber moulded articles, hoses and tubes. They are most commonly used as tackifier, dispersing agent and homogeniser. With innovative products, logistic concepts and high flexibility we set a standard in



our industries. The NOVARES delivery programme covers a broad range of different resins not only for tires but also for the adhesives and coatings industry.

15:20 sequence of Nanoprene addition for tread improvementDr Lothar Steger, consultant, Lanxess-HPE, Germany

Nanoprene addition during mixing is very important for tread performance. We found a lot of improvement in wet grip only with the Nanoprene sequential addition. We tested Nanoprene M20 in a summer tread, Nanoprene B M75OH in a winter tread and Nanoprene M20/B M75OH in an Arctic winter tire tread compound.

15:45 Titanium butadiene rubber at sibur – past and perspectivesArthur Rakhmatullin, R&D director, Sibur, Russia

The presentation is dedicated to BR-Ti and perspectives of development and application.

16:10 synthetic rubber – new products development at siburArthur Rakhmatullin, R&D director, Sibur, Russia

The presentation is dedicated to the process and results of developing and realising the technology of next-generation SSBR and BR-Nd.

Day 1 Tuesday 11 February10:00 - 17:00 TiRe manufacTuRing

Moderator, Mike Norman, sales director Asia, VMI-Group, Netherlands

10:00 drive solution partner for mixing room and tire manufacturingHakan Angerbjörn, industry sector manager - Rubber Processing, Bosch Rexroth Mellansel AB, Sweden

The demands of today and the challenges of the future can be met with the use of high-performance direct drive systems. Each drive system solution offers a wide range when it comes to speed and torque, and offers functionalities to optimise production capacity and product quality. The high adopting solutions utilise machine performance and complete rubber processing for new materials.

10:20 bosch rexroth for energy efficiency 4eeJuergen Hoefling, Sales Energy Efficiency Consulting Germany DCEM/SEG, Bosch Rexroth AG, Germany

To solve consumption and emission problems, the universally applicable Rexroth for Energy Efficiency Scheme has been developed at Bosch Rexroth 4EE. The highest savings arise from integrated overview of all drive and control systems of a machine or system. Sytronix as a part of 4EE is the intelligent combination of the strengths of electric drive technology and the power density and durability of a hydraulic drive system. DC delivers this completely engineered from a single source. Also shown are realised practical examples with enormous energy-saving potential.

10:40 Innovative, efficient and environmentally friendly drives for rubber machinesMilos Peroncik, senior industrial designer, Transmisie Engineering, Slovakia

The presentation will discuss new technical solutions for mechanical drives for rubber applications such as mixers, 2-5 cylindrical calenders, extruders, etc. It will cover compact transmissions with planetary gears with a high emphasis on long operating lifetime, increased efficiency, reduced weight and lower installation dimensions, and lower amount of oil filling while maintaining performance requirements. Transmisie Engineering owns the patent (SK 288063 B6) for an innovative kinematic diagram, which can be mainly used for drives for mixers and other two-shaft rubber applications.

11:00 Making today’s tire manufacturing final finish operations betterDr Shaun Immel, chief technology officer, Micro-Poise Measurement Systems, USA

The benefits of optimising a final finish room will be outlined. This paper will overview capabilities, merging industry knowledge with helpful recommendations.

11:20 - 11:40 break

11:40 Inline quality control of black rubber compoundsDr Andreas Schröder, innovation and product development, Rhein Chemie GmbH, Germany

A new concept in rubber processing for controlling the quality of rubber compounds will be presented. The compounds are analysed inline during extrusion by ultrasound waves.

12:00 New rotor for high silica mixingRichard Jorkasky, technical manager, Kobelco Stewart Bolling Inc, USA

Tire companies are continually going to higher and higher silica content to achieve improved grip, rolling resistance and durability. Tangential rotors yield greater output and equivalent performance to the intermesh rotor up to 80 phr silica. Above that, the tangential rotor performance starts to fall off. With silica levels in the 100+ phr range, a new rotor has been developed for high silica mixing, which combines the output of a tangential rotor with the properties of an intermesh rotor.

12:20 Machine safety without compromising productivityJan Grashuis, director R&D, VMI, Netherlands

Machine safety has become increasingly important in recent years. Modern technologies and smart designs give machine manufacturers the opportunity to integrate safety in the machine design, in a way that allows the operator to do his or her work in a safe manner, without impacting the time that is needed for all tasks.



12:40 How to optimise machine operationsFlorian W. Fischer, director, Business Development, VMI Holland BV, Netherlands

Aspects of logistics, ergonomics and efficiency in tire manufacturing. What can be done to reduce hidden costs? How can we optimise material flow, machine performance and operator efficiency?

13:00 - 14:00 Lunch

14:00 Identify tires in production and warehouse with sTs400 vision solutionsBernhard Lenk, head of T&L and Tires, Datalogic Automation, Germany

Datalogic has developed a concept based on Vision technology called Matrix 410 ATS and STS400 to identify tires in each step of the process from first stage, second stage, curing, sorting, test machines in the production. Furthermore, warehouse management and e-commerce solutions for tire distribution are also using this high-performing reading technology with outstanding read rates to grant the very high throughput of thousands tires/day. Matrix 410 ATS and STS400 enable full transparency of the tracking and tracing of each individual tire.

14:20 Technical improvements and increased efficiencies within hydraulic direct drive systems.Ulf Forsman, technical director, Bosch Rexroth Mellansel AB, Sweden

The development of hydraulic direct drive systems has focused on the component level and increasing the individual efficiency of their performance. Both volumetric and mechanical efficiencies are considered. Today Bosch Rexroth Mellansel AB is working on a project to increase the total overall efficiency of all components working together in an intelligent control philosophy supported by frequency-controlled electric motors. This method offers an opportunity to utilise the hydraulic drive systems characteristics in an optimised way, and there have been promising results from simulations and laboratory tests.

14:40 Laser surface processing – marking and tread ablationFlorian Schreiber, key account manager, 4JET Technologies GmbH, Germany

Laser as a tool of high precision is used for processing many materials and surfaces. In the tire industry, laser technology complies with the high-tech approach of the industry to increasing demands for traceability and individualisation of products. Fully automated machinery for in-line processing of tire surfaces, as well as R&D tools, use laser to modify the surface of tires after vulcanisation. The field of application is vast, and ranges from simple serial numbers to 2D barcodes, graphics and structures of any kind.

15:00 enhanced tire curing: permanent mould-release coatings with industrial experienceDr Shannan O’Shaughnessy, chief technology officer, GVD Corporation, USA

GVD Corporation has commercialised solvent-free permanent mould-release coatings for tire production. Coatings using GVD’s room-temperature PTFE deposition technology have now been utilised in the demoulding of millions of tires. GVD’s release coatings offer excellent release, durability and temperature stability while preserving desired mould geometries and keeping all existing vent channel technologies open. Our customers have observed large cost savings due to reduced demoulding time, reduced demoulding force, and reduced mould cleaning frequency over thousands of tire moulding cycles per coating. GVD provides its customers with turnkey mould processing including cleaning, coating and assembly.

15:20 - 15:40 break

15:40 Laser cleaning of innerliners and tire mouldsJudith Harhues, sales engineer, 4JET Technologies GmbH, Germany

Due to the selective interaction between materials and laser light, as well as the precise modulation of process parameters, delicate surfaces can be cleaned without damaging or removing the material underneath. This can be used either for cleaning the vulcanisation moulds or for preparing the innerliner surface of a tire for downstream gluing processes. Instead of the work-intensive and environmentally harmful use of wet chemical cleaning systems for innerliner, or dry ice for mold cleaning, the use of pulsed laser light permits dry and precise cleaning of different delicate surfaces.

16:00 bladder coating for clean tire productionDr Dietmar Hoff, head of Tire Task Force EMEA, Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH, Germany

The use of coated bladders offers the opportunity to decrease the amount of additional release agents being sprayed onto the green tire.

16:20 Predictive process control that estimates compound properties onlineDr Stas Brassas, managing director, MixCont AB, Sweden

The process control technology utilises mixing devices mixer (+ mills/extruders) as a kind of soft dynamic analyser during the time when the batch is being mixed. The properties of the compound such as dispersion/distribution/viscosity are estimated in real time by means of processing of signals such as torque, rotor speed, temperatures, pressure, ram position and others from mixer and/or mills. The deviations in the compound quality parameters and reasons for them are recognised online during the compound mixing. This information is used for real-time tuning of the mixing control parameters to compensate the influence of the process disturbing factors.



16:40 Productivity and quality in truck tire buildingJan Grashuis, director R&D, VMI, Netherlands

Many new modules and improvements have been made to the VMI VAST all-steel radial truck tire building machine. This presentation will explain how these improvements increase the output of the machine and the quality of the tire.

Day 1 Tuesday 11 February10:00 - 16:05 TiRe maThemaTics and The modelling of TiRe and vehicle peRfoRmance

Moderator, Prof Saied Taheri, associate professor, Virginia Tech, USA

10:00 Finite-element analysis and optimisation of a commercial aircraft tireHua Guo, PhD student, Coventry University, UK

This presentation will introduce a practical approach of analysing, assessing and optimising aircraft tire performance upon landing in finite-element environment. The current study follows the findings from previous research and utilises a full-scale finite-element aircraft tire model in LS-Dyna and HyperStudy. Initially, the analysis and optimisation have successfully controlled several safety criteria in the industrial standard range, while several material properties, especially rubber material stiffness, change. An extended optimisation study has been processed, relating material stiffness to its density and industrial cost, therefore achieving a reduction in total mass and manufacturing of the target tire.

10:25 Tire model benchmarking for durability and ride analysisDr Prashant Khapane, CAE manager, Jaguar Land Rover, UK

This paper explores various tire CAE models commercially available to benchmark durability analysis done for a passenger car and SUV. Typical scenarios such as ride over a rough surface, developing world roads, speed humps and extreme strength events such drive over a kerb and durability events will be covered. Strengths and weaknesses of the models will be explored. Potential additions or recommendations will be made at the end.

10:50 Parameter Optimization of Finite element Tire Models Jan Hempel, Researcher, FH Brandenburg, Germany

Based on static and dynamic experiments, a parameter optimisation technique of a finite element tire model is presented. Focus of this presentation is a massive parallel approach, taking static stiffness and dynamics modes shapes at different loads into account while building the target function. Relations between the number of modes used when building the optimisation objetive function and the overall process performance and accuracy while be shown in detail.

11:15 Tire Cae and modelling at Jaguar Land roverJan Prins, technical specialist, Jaguar Land Rover, UK

Gregory Smith, CAE engineer, Jaguar Land Rover, UK

The presentation will outline the current status of JLR tire CAE and modelling, the challenges faced, and the strategic approach being taken.

11:40 Tire wear prediction using vehicle and tire simulationHenning Olsson, R&D engineer, OptimumG, USA

A predictive method for tire wear using vehicle and tire simulation methods has been developed. The method has been validated using on-track measurements representing different driving manoeuvres and conditions. Possibilities and limitations are also discussed.

12:05 - 14:00 Lunch

14:00 dynamic performance of an Fe quarter-car model traversing obstaclesChongfeng Wei, PhD student, University of Birmingham, UK

Tire enveloping property has a significant influence on the vehicle ride and handling performance. An FE tire model was developed with detailed geometric and material definition. Transient dynamic analysis was carried out for the tire model traversing obstacles with different heights, and validated by comparison with the experimental tests. The simple quarter-car model was modelled with a spring-damper combination connecting the vehicle weight and the wheel hub. Finally, dynamic performance of the quarter-car model was analysed for the tire rolling over obstacles in order to investigate the transient dynamic behaviour for different operating conditions.

14:25 advanced tire testing model support using the NTrC’s LTreJonathan Darab, director of Operations, NTRC, USA

The purpose of this presentation is to give insight into high-speed dynamic laboratory tire testing and the application of resulting tire data to real-world vehicle modelling. The tire test capability of the MTS LTRe Flat-Trac will be presented, and sample video and data will be provided, to demonstrate the machine’s performance envelope. Furthermore, results from dynamic and high-speed real-world tire testing in the form of video and test data will be presented, and application of the test data to tire modelling will be given.

14:50 smart tire: a pattern-based approach using FeMProf Christian Oertel, professor, FH Brandenburg, Germany

In this presentation, a new approach using the tire as sensor is presented. Based on distributed strain sensors integrated in the tire structure, the identification of actual tire inflation pressure, angular velocity, load and tangential contact forces is based on a pattern identification. This leads to real-time information



without any delay due to multiple rotations as need in other approaches. The assembly of the pattern database as well as the identification of the actual tire state is demonstrated using a finite element system.

15:15 Prediction of failure of tread compound by neural network softwareMarzieh Rouhi, laboratory manager, Barez Industry Group, Iran

In this work, the swell of tread compound as a failure was studied by neural network software. Several batches of tread compound are used to determine die swell by RPA2000. Neural networks are mathematical models that are commonly used in applications to model relationships between variables. They are able to easily accommodate linear and non-linear relationships without any a priori functional form specification. All variables were correlated to die swell using multiple and non-linear models neural network software, and the best and most efficient result was obtained with a neural network model.

15:40 development of a simulation tool to study tire-abs interactionsProf Saied Taheri, associate professor and director, Virginia Tech, USA

The interaction of the tire with the anti-lock braking system during braking manoeuvres could result in excitations of unwanted vibrations in the tire as well as in the chassis of the vehicle. A rigid ring tire model has been developed and used in conjunction with an ABS system developed for this purpose. The model is augmented with an FE tire model for parameterisation purposes. This allows the designers to evaluate the effects of various tire parameters on ABS braking of a vehicle.

Day 1 Tuesday 11 February14:00 - 16:00 Who is The TiRes cusTomeR and WhaT do They RequiRe?

Moderator, Rudi Hein, executive advisor standards and regulations, Bridgestone Europe, Belgium

14:00 Presentations and panel discussionDavid Shaw, head of research, Tire Industry Research, UK

Fazilet Cinaralp, secretary general, ETRMA, Belgium

Sean Kane, president, Safety Research and Strategies, USA

Dr Burkhard Wies, vice president Tire Line Development Worldwide, Continental, Germany

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February09:00 - 12:00 can Replenishable RaW maTeRials be susTainable foR TiRe mass pRoducTion?

Moderator, David Shaw, head of research, Tire Industry Research, UK

09:00 building a sustainable economy with guayuleWilliam Niaura, director - New Business, Bridgestone, USA

This presentation will provide an overview of Bridgestone’s foray into guayule as an alternative to hevea NR, with a focus on moving from the research phase towards commercialisation.

09:25 driving continuous sustainable improvement in complex agricultural supply chainsDavid Langlands, business development director, AB Sustain, UK

AB Sustain has been driving continuous sustainable improvement over the past 13 years for a number of global brand owners with complex agricultural supply chains. The programmes now operate across 61 countries, 200 factories and five million farmers. This presentation will take a detailed look at how the improvement programmes have been managed, and the results that have been achieved. It will also take a high-level view of sustainable agriculture, setting out strategic options and the key components of a sustainability programme.

09:50 Optimising tire properties with naphthenic oilsIsabella Joelsson Rahmn, development engineer, Nynas AB, Sweden

Consumer tire labelling legislation in Europe, Brazil, Korea and Japan is challenging the global tire industry to improve the rolling resistance and wet grip properties of tires. In the development of such tires with improved properties, novel raw materials play a key role. We will discuss the influence of the plasticising oil on the performance of tire tread compounds. It was found that blends of plasticising agents can significantly improve the fuel economy and wet grip of tires.

10:15 The business case for sustainable natural rubber: minimising riskAli Hines, campaigner, Global Witness, UK

Global demand for natural rubber is booming. It was traditionally a sustainable smallholder crop, and its success now risks being tainted by a move by producers into large plantations, triggering disputes and deforestation. Such conflicts are often due to the lack of transparency and legal uncertainty concerning the plantations, as well as the recognition of land rights. Such investments also carry risks for companies, presenting a challenge to consumers. With the launch of the Sustainable Rubber Initiative as well as international principles on business and



human rights, what can consumers of natural rubber to do to mitigate risk in their own supply chains?

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February09:00 - 14:50 TesTing of The TiRe in The laboRaToRy and on The pRoving gRound

Moderator, Dr James Popio, general manager and director of engineering, Smithers Rapra Inc, USA

09:00 Tear fatigue analysis of rubbers under realistic multiaxial loading conditionsProf Gert Heinrich, professor / director of Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

Due to time-variant loading over a prolonged use phase, durability prediction is a critical issue for elastomers in tires. Fatigue crack growth studies are mostly carried out with single edge cut specimens. For this purpose, the Coesfeld Tear Analyzer can be defined as the current state of the art. We report about a prototype of a new biaxial tester operating under cyclic biaxial loading conditions. Full strain field assessment considerably improves the determination of tearing energy for bulk and interface crack propagation. We demonstrate how to transfer the results from laboratory measurement to practical application in tires.

09:25 Tire plunger energy test simulation based on finite element analysisJorge Kuster, researcher, FATE Tires - Argentina, Argentina

In this work, plunger energy test of tires is studied. Three tires are considered, whose only difference is the characteristics of their steel belts. Analyses are made by the finite element method using the commercial software ABAQUS. Based on numerical results, failure sequence is established. In order to validate FE models and obtain a methodology to determine tire reinforcement failure order, experimental tests are conducted. Experimental validation is performed using accelerometry techniques. Physical inspections are made of the tested tires, showing good agreement with FE results. Based on this fact, a new testing methodology is proposed.

09:50 Comparative on-road testing of passenger cars: informing consumer choicesNick Molden, managing director, Emissions Analytics, UK

A data-driven examination of how real-world testing of passenger cars differs from the NEDC test results, and how this impacts on purchasing decisions as well as policy makers. Using a specific case study looking at results from more than 600 model variants, the data will be examined via a range of filters including engine size, type and class. The innovative testing methodology can be applied to test any automotive component that affects tailpipe output, including tire choice.

10:15 Predictive lab testing of chip and cut failure of tiresDr Radek Stocek, head of Research, PRL Polymer Research Lab, Czech Republic

This work concentrates on the mechanism of tire tread failure working in hard terrain, based on the experimental determination of the fracture data with respect to real loading conditions. The relationship between chip and cut (CC) and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviours of blends based on different rubber compounds suitable for tire tread application has been investigated. The CC behaviour has been studied using own-developed dynamic wear-testing equipment, and the FCG analyses were performed using a tear analyser. Concluding, we demonstrate the relationship between crack growth rate and dynamic rubber wear independent of blend composition.

10:40 - 11:00 break

11:00 Innovations in anti-ozonantsThomas Croft, technical service manager, Addivant, USA

A review of current technology combined with newly proposed ideas for protection of tire sidewall compounds from attack by ozone.

11:25 Practical insights on bend-over-sheave and bend-rotation fatigue testing methodsPhilippe van Bogaert, CEO, Bogimac NV-SA, Belgium

Tires have life expectancies of 20 to 100-million cycles. Validation by static tests of new reinforcements and their rubber adhesion exemplifies the worst case of sample overloading for fast results, excluding materials and constructions needed. Fatigue testing is now heavily used in the tire and rubber reinforcement industry. The improved equipment achieves more relevant results with precise information about failure mechanisms. Bend rotation is typically used on steel wire and cord, where the generic bend-over-sheave is used to validate all steel and fibre reinforcement in their rubber matrix on single and reverse bending, dynamic compression and dynamic adhesion.

11:50 Mineral filler usage in passenger tire innerlinersBruce Lambillotte, general manager, Smithers Rapra, USA

An overview of mineral filler usage in innerliner components will be provided. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the filler systems from over 300 radial passenger tire innerliners will be summarised.

12:15 reducing primary tire cavity resonance and hence vehicle cabin noiseAlan Bennetts, director, Bay Systems, UK

Tire cavity and structural resonances interact with the vehicle suspension system to transfer noise into the vehicle cabin. Tire cavity microphone and tire cavity accelerometer (TCM and TCA) allow these forcing functions to be accurately measured. The amplitude of the tire cavity resonance is demonstrated to map directly to the in-vehicle noise level. Reducing the level



of the primary cavity resonance in the tire will enable the vehicle manufacturer to choose the best tire. Tire makers who understand and can tune their products to match the needs of the vehicle manufacturers will have a distinct advantage in the market.

12:40 - 14:00 Lunch

14:00 Challenges of indoor winter tire testing – lessons learned, solutions foundTuro Tapio Tiililä, Director, Chairman of the Board, Test World Ltd, Finland

Test World launched the world’s first indoor test facility in January 2013, designed purely for winter testing year round. This presentation will present the challenges of tire testing, especially made in indoors. It will explain what has been found in snow grain transformation, repeatability and deviation of tests during the first year of indoor testing.

14:25 design permeability test machine and study the effects of nanomaterialsReza Farivar, process engineering, Kavir Tire, Iran

This presentation investigates substituting and optimising nanomaterials in order to reduce the cost of production and decrease tire weight. An air permeability test machine has been designed and built in the factory. It consists of an eight-litre metal cylinder, which is capable of holding at least 20 bar pressure. Air leaking through a field within the time and constant temperature. Finally, with the DOE method we obtain the optimum nano clay in inner-liner formula with two variables of nano clay: 0-5 phr and N550:5-17 phr.

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February09:00 - 12:00 TiRe manufacTuRing (conTinued)

Moderator, Florian W. Fischer, director, Business Development, VMI Holland BV, Netherlands

09:00 Tire x-ray automatic defect recognition (adr) – a buyer’s guideDr Shaun Immel, chief technology officer, Micro-Poise Measurement Systems, USA

The purpose of this paper is to take the reader through critical ADR product evaluation criteria that will lead to choosing a product that provides maximum value to the tire manufacturer. With evolutionary improvements made to tire testing x-ray machinery, x-ray images are produced quickly, in a digital format with a very high degree of definition and clarity. Real-time ADR must be able to analyse the images equally quickly and report results to a tire manufacturer in a systematic manner, so that the tire manufacturer can screen out anomalies while maintaining a high-volume production line.

09:20 shearography for new tire productionRainer Huber, product manager, Steinbichler Optotechnik GmbH, Germany

Shearography in new tires manufacturing timing is available now. This paper will illustrate Steinbichler’s innovative solution.

09:40 X-ray tomography for cross-sectional inspection of tiresMarco Brambilla, R&D engineer, CyXplus, France

Tire inspection is very challenging because of the complexity of the products and the required accuracy. Computed tomography has the potential to perform most of the necessary controls at once, in as little as a few tens of seconds. In recent years, CyXplus has invested a lot of research effort around computed tomography, and today proposes an x-ray tomography inspection machine that can extract non destructively the type of information needed for the visual inspection of physical cuts of tires. This machine is designed for the statistical inspection of PCR and TBR tires on the manufacturing line.

10:00 LaP Laser: traversing projection and measurement systems for the tire industryMichael Witte, product manager Global Industries, LAP GmbH Laser Applikationen, Germany

The session will begin with a short presentation of LAP as a manufacturer of laser technology for the tire industry. It will then move on to discuss: OEM products for providers of tire building machines; LAP company policy: focus on customer needs, requests and demands; state of the art in dynamic laser projection technology; explanation of laser projection technology in new SERVOLASER tireXpert; state of the art in dimensional laser measurement technology; future prospects for use of laser measurement technology in the tire industry.

10:20 - 10:40 break

10:40 Innovative automatic rolling bank control for high-performance calendering processRenato Lualdi, Research & Development Manager, Comerio Ercole SpA, Italy

Nowadays high-performance calendering processes, both for fabric or steel cord rubberising, require very accurate and proper automatic rolling bank control. The quality of final calendered roller products depends on a smooth and controlled temperature compound feeding phase. Comerio Ercole, based on its long-term experience in the calendering field, has developed an innovative and advanced package (hardware devices and process software) enabling the most reliable, small, uniform and controlled rubber compound feeding into the four roll calender rolling banks. The package includes re-engineered mixing mill remote knives and strip conveyor belts with a new calender feeding layout.

11:00 Optimisation of new full silica tread compounds extrusion processMario Kapralik, R&D manager, Konstrukta Industry, Slovakia

The problems caused by the latest full silica compounds during the extrusion process can be



eliminated by a proper screw design. Several kinds of cold-feed rubber extrusion screws have been developed. A comparison of different screws under the same conditions leads to the proper solution, and helps to understand the relationship between compound properties and screw design. This presentation shows the results of customer-orientated trials, which were aimed at problems with tread full silica compound processed on a triplex line.

11:20 Tire production control centrePeter Haan, head of Business Development OEM Tire, Siemens AG, Germany

Automation technology does not start by programming PLCs. The go-to-market approach for the tire industry starts with tire producers. Siemens supports them in doing factory layouts and factory designs that are highly automated according to their requirements. The supervisory control centre needs to be connected to different production machines of several suppliers. Siemens has the communication technology not only to connect the supervisory station with machines equipped with SIMATIC control technology, but also to connect machines equipped with third-party automation. So Siemens covers the full lifecycle from planning to maintenance, and from factory floor to MES level.

11:40 Flexible tire logistics for existing production facilitiesJens Rosenberg, director, Tire Handling, Beumer Group, Denmark

How will the industry deal with the physical constraints of existing tire manufacturing facilities to gain higher production efficiency, free up production floor space and increase overall production transparency? Coping with ageing production facilities and tire logistics that mainly rely on manual processes calls for new thinking. One solution could be the modular logistical principles adapted from the highly effective leading-edge automation systems in the airport and warehouse industries, which offer a solution to get more out of capital budgets.

12:00 - 14:00 Lunch

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February09:00 - 10:40 The science of polymeR and ReinfoRcemenT inTeRacTion and pRopeRTy pRedicTion

Moderator, Dr Stuart Cook, director of Research, Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK

09:00 Non-linear rheology – prediction of rubber behaviourDr Saikat Das Gupta, chief scientist, Hasetri, India

A non-linear property like steady-state shear viscosity measurement is used to predict the macromolecular structure of rubber and polymer melts. Development of the tailor-made state-of-the-art polymer causes difficulty in handling with

available processing machinery. Large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) can provide useful non-linear characterisation of polymers. Oscillatory shear is widely used in characterisation of viscoelastic materials. This is the most popular method to characterise viscoelasticity. In this paper the authors measured the influence of different micro-structural influences on the LAOS experiment.

09:25 Native products in eNr – a new challenge?Dr Cristina Bergmann, head of R&D Lab, Hansen & Rosenthal KG, Germany

The influence of native products on performance of NR (natural rubber) and ENR (epoxidised natural rubber) compounds in comparison with petroleum products was studied.

09:50 rubber morphology investigated by atomic force microscopyDr Doris Drechsler, laboratory manager, Currenta GmbH & Co OHG, Germany

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to examine rubber compounds. The relationship of their morphology to the properties and processing parameters will be analysed. ‘Tapping-Mode-Phase-Contrast-Imaging’ and a novel quantitative instrumentation to detect E-modulus and tan delta will be used. These techniques will give absolute nanomechanical values and simultaneously a quantitative mapping of the rubber grades and the filler particles. Their particle size distributions will be a parameter of the analysis. The results of the investigations of test samples existing e.g. of BR, NR and SSBR and different fillers like carbon black and silica will be presented.

10:15 New modified Ndbr rubbers: processing aid for green tiresFernanda Albino, laboratory manager, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany

NdBR has become the polymer of choice to be blended with SSBR in silica-filled green tire formulations, because it imparts excellent dynamic properties and treadwear resistance. However, what is regarded as being favourable for dynamic properties is often unfavourable for processing. Therefore to assist the tire companies to improve processability and maintain throughput rates without sacrificing the dynamic performance gains achieved by utilising NdBR and SSBR in silica compounds, Lanxess has developed a new range of modified NdBR, which improves the processing characteristics of these green tire compounds while maintaining the dynamic properties offered by standard NdBR.



Day 2 WedNesday 12 February09:00 - 11:25 TiRe design and impRoved TiRe peRfoRmance: The impacT of TiRe RegulaTions and of hybRid and elecTRic vehicles

Moderator, Roger Jenkins, consultant, UK

09:00 Tread deformation measurement: a tire sensing approach on rolling resistanceYi Xiong, doctoral student, Aalto University, Finland

In recent years, tire rolling resistance that accounts for 17- 21% to the total vehicle energy consumption has received a substantial amount of attention. For low-rolling-resistance tire development, the tread deformation information, which has not been measured previously, is of great significance. In this talk, a novel optical tire sensing system that measures the tread deformation will be presented. The proposed measurement system provides the possibility to get direct insight into the tire rolling resistance phenomenon. Moreover, it enables investigations of rolling resistance from both tire and road aspects through either on-vehicle testing or laboratory testing.

09:25 Influence of tire structure on transient cornering properties of tiresDr Shunichi Yamazaki, president, Intelligent Vehicle Research Institute, Japan

This paper describes the influence of the tire structure on transitional cornering properties. We studied how much the performance of a 65% aspect ratio tire would exceed that of a more low aspect ratio tire. The investigated performances are braking and transit cornering property. The result has confirmed that a high-performance tire could be designed irrespective of the aspect ratio. The test method and the data-processing method of the transitional tire characteristic are also described.

09:50 evolution of tire tread pattern design approachesUnnikrishnan Govindan, vice president (R&D), CEAT Ltd, India

Tire tread pattern design has been evolving over the years in terms of concept and execution. One of the biggest challenges today is to present patterns that are distinctively different and appealing to customers. Hence, the designer’s role is to go beyond mere ‘styling’ and create products that can communicate and engage. Tools such as product semantics and metaphors are used in other products as an attempt to convey what a product is or does through its form. Following this, the designer uses shape, texture, materials and colour to convey meaning. An attempt is made to adopt these tools for design tread patterns.

10:15 - 10:35 break

10:35 Improving rolling resistance and noise performance for a truck tireFan Zhao, high-performance tire research, Jiangsu University, China

Increasing fuel costs, legislation and public attention are driving the automotive industry to pursue more environmentally friendly tires with improved rolling resistance and noise performances. Yet, apart from separate research on tire rolling resistance and radial noise, there is little information concerning the relationship between both areas. The tire structure is a key bridge to connect the two cases. This work aims to study the influence tire structural parameters have on rolling resistance and radial noise, and explore the relationship between the two performances.

11:00 development of a non-pneumatic tire (NPT) for us military applicationsCharles Pergantis, mechanical engineer, US Army Research Laboratory, USA

The US Army had funded an industry partner to develop non-pneumatic tire (NPT) technology for US military applications. The NPT provides several advantages over standard and runflat insert-containing pneumatic tires; most dramatically, it is 100% flat free from ballistic punctures and road hazards, providing greater reliability, durability and continuous mobility, with little loss in performance. Currently, the NPT is an aftermarket kit for military ultra lightweight vehicles (ULWV). We will present the many engineering challenges and efforts involved in developing the NPT, including materials testing and selection, and possible manufacturing processes. Field test video of the NPT will be presented.

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February14:00 - 17:40 The science of TiRe compound ReinfoRcing maTeRials

Moderator, David Reynolds, global segment manager - Tire, Cabot Corporation, USA

14:00 Hds for green truck tires: new insights into treadSoline de Cayeux, Business Development Manager, Solvay, France

Solvay will present trends and evolution in the truck tire industry and market, more specifically in the growing introduction of HDS for fuel-efficient truck tires. New possibilities to introduce HDS in the tread compounds, with proper management of the rolling resistance/mileage performance balance, will be presented.

14:25 Mechanisms of particulate reinforcement of rubber at small strainsLewis Tunnicliffe, research scientist, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Aspects of the reinforcement of rubber by particulates such as carbon black and precipitated silica at small, linear viscoelastic strains are



outlined. The development of flocculated filler structures and the physical nature of the rubber network in filled rubbers are discussed. Particular attention is given to the energy dissipation associated with the polymer-filler interface.

14:50 Creating a greener tire sidewallJon Nienaber, technical manager - Rubber, Rhein Chemie Corp, USA

In this paper we will investigate ways to create a tire sidewall that uses green sustainable chemicals. The tire industry likes to use NR/BR blends as the typical sidewall formulation. However, these blends require anti-oxidants that have several drawbacks such as staining. One way to remove the anti-oxidant is to look at blends based on EPDM. This paper will look at using bio-based EPDM, NR and PBR blends that will create a higher content of naturally renewable chemicals.

15:15 strained rubber-filler network analysis using dielectric spectroscopyMenglong Huang, research scientist, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is applied to investigate filler structures in rubber materials under strain when filled by silica or carbon black. A dynamic mechanical analyser is used to supply tensile strain while the dielectric behaviour is being monitored in situ. Dramatic changes of AC conductivity and permittivity are observed with strain, with the exact nature of the changes being dependent on the nature of fillers. The unstrained BDS data shows temperature-dependent relaxations assigning to the segmental and local relaxation of polymer chains. This allows the molecular dynamics at the filler-polymer interface to be examined.

15:40 Innovating the silica surface for improved Nr truck tire vulcanisatesDr Justin Martin, senior research chemist, PPG Industries Inc, USA

Precipitated silica has enabled a significant reduction in tire rolling resistance, resulting in improved fuel economy for passenger cars and light trucks. In response to new fuel efficiency legislation affecting medium and heavy-duty trucks, there is interest in realising similar gains in tire compounds, primarily containing natural rubber, while achieving an appropriate balance of wear, tear strength and dynamic mechanical properties. Natural rubber contains several weight percent of impurities, which can affect traditional coupling reactions. PPG’s proprietary Agilon technology platform pre-reacts a coupling agent and a dispersant to the silica surface, enabling improvement in truck tread properties.

16:05 - 16:25 break

16:25 bagasse – an environmentally friendly filler for tire applicationDr Arup Saha Deuri, general manager, Balkrishna Industries Pvt Ltd ( BKT), India

Bagasse is the natural fibre obtained after extraction of sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane. Plenty of this material is available in northern and western parts of India, because large numbers of sugar mills operate in these regions. A study has been made to utilise this material in fine dust form as a reinforcing filler in tire compounds by partial replacement of other commonly used reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or silica. Rolling resistance properties improve with this filler.

16:50 Filled and unfilled polynorbornene rubber blendsDr Cristian Oprisoni, technical manager Tire Accounts, Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH, Germany

Discovered in the late 1960s, polynorbornene rubber (PNR) has found its uses in application fields where its high molecular weight (above 2*10^6 g/mol) and affinity to considerable quantities of oil (up to 400 phr) and fillers are of advantage. The current contribution will focus on the application of PNR as an additive for tire compounds and high damping elastomer parts.

17:15 effect of flocculation on the physical properties of silica compoundsAlireza Baniasad, compound expert, Barez Industrial Group, Iran

Curing is one the most important procedures in tire production, because the compound curing process and conditions affect the mechanical properties of the tire. Rheological graphs determine curing status. Nowadays silica compounds are widely used in tires. In rheological tests of natural rubber-based silica compounds, a peak appears in the first minutes that is called flocculation. In this presentation we try to predict the mechanical properties of compounds by using rheological data; then we want to find out the effect of flocculation phenomena on mechanical properties by using simulated data.

Day 2 WedNesday 12 February14:00 - 17:15 TRends and developmenTs in sTeel and non-sTeel coRds

Moderators, Dr Kurt Uihlein, director marketing & product development, Cordenka, Germany

Boudewijn de Loose, global marketing director, Bekaert, Belgium

14:00 steel cord trends and new developmentsJozef Pieter Bert Wilmots, product development engineer, Bekaert, Belgium

The presentation will cover Bekaert’s insights into current steel cord trends and new developments concerning the steel cord business.



14:25 The contribution of an integrated textile reinforcements supplier to green tiresGeorg Feith, CEO, Glanzstoff Industries, Austria

Green tires are connected to the utilisation of renewable resources and the emphasis on rolling resistance. Although bio-based rubber is still under development, bio-based reinforcement-materials – such as Rayon – are well-established products in the tire industry. However, it would be beneficial for tire developers to have a new type of modified Rayon available, to fill the gap between synthetics and aramids. Another opportunity to contribute to more sustainable tires is the technology applied during conversion and dipping. The presentation focuses on recent achievements of reduced energy and water consumption combined with first results of a more sustainable dipping technology.

14:50 boosting tire performance: Milliken tape versus conventional cap plyInes El Majid, development chemist, Milliken Europe BVBA, Belgium

Since the introduction of radial tires, textile reinforcement materials and the design of reinforcements have not changed much over the last 50 years. Replacing multifilament yarn and conventional tire cord fabric with a thin, flat reinforcement tape, Milliken tape allows for substantial weight reduction and performance improvement.

15:15 High adhesion and retention in polyester dippingGurkan Gezen, marketing manager, Kordsa Global, Turkey

15:40 - 16:00 break

16:00 Innovations for maximum customer benefits in economical tire cord productionOguz Karcier, senior manager,product management and marketing, Allma Volkmann ZN der Saurer Germany GmbH & Co KG, Germany

The market and innovation leader Allma (belonging to the new Saurer Group) is committed to finding intelligent solutions to meet the requirements of today and tomorrow for tire cord and industrial yarn manufacturers. We will show how intelligent innovations lead to maximum customer benefits in terms of economic efficiency, energy savings, flexibility and operation friendliness.

16:25 Twaron in bicycle tiresSander Nieuwenhuijzen, technical account manager, Teijin Aramid BV, Netherlands

The bicycle tire industry has developed rapidly in the last decade. Many MTB and road racing tires are now foldable, and most are equipped with an effective anti-puncture system. The fast-growing e-bike tire market needs tires that do not run flat. Aramid plays an important role in the current state of the tire technology. The presentation gives an overview of the applications of aramid in bicycle tires, and shows how Teijin uses its experience from other

applications to develop new bicycle tire solutions.

16:50 Comparison of redipping and utilising a dry bonding systemMajid Modarres Sadeghi, tire and rubber consultant, Kimia Rubber, Iran

The presentation will compare and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of redipping versus dry bonding system in skimming of low-adhesion dipped cord.

Day 3 THursday 13 February09:00 - 12:00 : cReaTing neW RaW maTeRials ThRough TiRe Recycling

Moderators, Bob Kind, technical director, Polymer Recyclers Ltd, UK

09:00 New recyclates are changing the way that tires are manufacturedGabor Kostyál, CEO, HungaroJet Kft, Hungary

The presentation will discuss the expectations of the tire industry related to rubber industry suppliers. It will cover traditional technology and recipe restricted usage of rubber crumb; residual steel/fibre limit applicability; waterjet milling. HungaroJet can separate powders from tread, sidewall or internal layer. Powder is in sizes below 400 micron with extreme high surface/mass ratio, convex/concave particle surface to ensure good chemical bonding. Unique production technology guarantees milling extracts rubber parts: steel cord carcass remains intact. Industrial viability is proved by the world’s first continuous waterjet milling plant of HungaroJet. Applicability: tread and wire bedding mixtures, technical rubbers, OTR milling.

09:25 recycling eOL OTr tires using ultra High Pressure water jettingJacques Vervaet, general manager, Big Tyre Recycling Corporation, Belgium

The recycling of big tires has always been a problem. The bigger the tire, the bigger the problem becomes. The EU doesn’t give any directive for EOL tires above 1.4m diameter, due to the lack of an adequate economical and ecological recycling solution. The BTRC company developed a recycling process using UHP (Ultra High Pressure) water crumbling. This is a one-step operation producing reclaim without adding chemicals or any additional process. This reclaim is surface devulcanised. The technology has been applied for other ‘not recyclable’ rubber products e.g. heavy reinforced conveyors, tracks, aircraft tires, fenders, etc.

09:50 Pulverisation of reclaimed rubber to improve technical qualities of formulationsDr Svajus Joseph Asadauskas, senior chemist, Institute of Chemistry, Lithuania

Devulcanised reclaim is used primarily to reduce the cost of rubber articles. Being supplied as bales, slabs or similar bulk solids, the reclaim needs to be mixed in the same manner as virgin rubber.



Solvent-free mechano-chemical processing of waste rubber was developed, which devulcanises rubber and pulverises it into finely ground particles. The powder, which was produced from tread buffings, was compared with commercially available devulcanised reclaims in SBR and NR formulations. Major improvements in tensile strength and other technical properties were observed. Powders can be dispersed much more easily than bulk solids, and improved mixture uniformity leads to better quality.

10:15 Mechano-chemical grinding of waste tires into powder at ambient temperaturesDr Svajus Joseph Asadauskas, senior chemist, Institute of Chemistry, Lithuania

Waste tires are often ground and used in the manufacture of low-cost rubber items. Due to rubber elasticity, the cost increases when producing crumbs of fine sizes. Tribologically effective additives can be employed for higher shear during grinding, concurrently devulcanising the rubber. Fine rubber particles can be obtained at ambient temperature; due to their devulcanisation they can also be used to replace virgin rubber and carbon black. Recycled rubber powder, obtained from car tire treads, was compared with the buffings of same mesh sizes in SBR formulations, and demonstrated major improvements in tensile strength and other key properties.

10:40 The five success factors for production of alternative carbon blacksMarcel Yon, CEO, Carbon Clean Tech AG, Germany

Carbon Clean Tech has been operating for over a year, recurrently fulfilling the carbon black needs of a growing list of international customers. The presentation will explain the five key factors that resulted in CCT succeeding where so many others have failed. In addition, it will share lessons learned from founding innovative companies in general.

Day 3 THursday 13 February09:00 - 12:00 physical and chemical measuRemenT and chaRacTeRisaTion of RubbeR compounds

Moderator, Prof Ulrich Giese, managing director, Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie eV, Germany

09:00 rubber friction and tire dynamicsDr Bo Persson, scientist, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany

In the past 10 years Bo Persson has developed a physical model to understand contact mechanics and rubber friction. Experiments and exact numerical studies have shown that this analytical approach is very good and that the results agree well with the experimental and numerical results. This is the only physical model of the dissipation processes of rubber friction which depends purely on measured, physical quantities. We have applied this model in a tire model and compared it with the results of some tire measurements. Bo will present the promising results.

09:25 rubber friction and tire traction at rough, self-affine surfacesProf Manfred Klueppel, head of department, DIK, Germany

An advanced model of sliding friction and dynamic contact of elastomers at rough, self-affine surfaces is used to evaluate stationary friction curves independent of surface roughness, load and temperature. They correlate well with experimental friction data found for unfilled and filled elastomers under dry and wet conditions. In particular, the investigations are shown to be useful for a better understanding of the traction behaviour of tires on dry and wet roads during ABS braking of passenger cars. The obtained results also provide a deeper insight into the role of adhesion forces in dry friction of elastomers under different contact conditions.

09:50 The effect of loading conditions on rubber abrasionGuangchang Wu, PhD student, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Many rubber products undergo a significant amount of abrasion during their service lives. In this study, the effect of loading conditions on rubber abrasion is investigated. A blade abrader was used to characterise the rubber abrasion behaviour. An attempt has been made to correlate these conditions during abrasion with an independent fatigue crack growth test. Various different types of loading configuration that alter the strain rate, frequency and temperature are used in the fatigue crack growth test in an attempt to match the real loading found in abrasion. The benefits of adopting this approach will be discussed.

10:15 self-reinforcement of natural rubber in truck tiresKarsten Brüning, scientist, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Germany

Natural rubber is still without alternative in truck tires when it comes to ultimate demands for wear resistance and tear fatigue. Its outstanding mechanical properties are ascribed to strain-induced crystallisation, which provides for a selective self-reinforcement in highly stressed regions, e.g. around a crack tip. Novel experiments, performed at the synchrotron DESY, give insight into the kinetics and the short-time behaviour of the strain-induced crystallisation under dynamic conditions, as encountered in a tire during operation. The experiments show that the crystallisation is significantly suppressed as compared with quasistatic experiments, and they allow the derivation of new structure-property relationships.

10:40 Optical study on detachment and slip propagation of rubber-glass contactDr Ari Tuononen, research scientist, Aalto University, Finland

The static to sliding friction transition is an important phenomenon in tire friction. However, very little is known about it. The study is using high-speed imaging and digital image correlation to calculate the sliding velocity field of rubber-glass contact in different loading conditions.



11:05 Kinetics and mechanisms of ageing processesProf Ulrich Giese, managing director, Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie eV, Germany

The service life of tires is influenced by ageing processes. Oxidation reactions are responsible for irreversible changes of properties. Thermal oxidative ageing is determined mainly by the structure of the polymer, but used crosslink chemicals, the network and antioxidants have an influence. As a consequence, a prediction of the ageing stability is very complex. So it is of high interest to investigate kinetic aspects of reaction mechanisms, the efficiency of antioxidants and the diffusion of oxygen into the material. The investigations are carried out by means of chemiluminescence, extraction, chromatography and other appropriate instrumental analytical methods.

Day 3 THursday 13 February09:00 - 12:00 measuRemenT of TiRe foRce and momenTs in The laboRaToRy and TheiR value in evaluaTing TiRe and vehicle peRfoRmance

Moderator, Dr Gerald Potts, president, TMSi, USA

09:00 New dynamic footprint testing machineDr Stephan Koehne, managing director, TS TestingService GmbH, Germany

The new dynamic footprint tester consists of 40 or more 3D force sensors and two high-speed cameras with a frame rate of 500 pictures per second, which allow fast and precise measurement of the footprint properties. The machine can vary torque, slip and camber, so that all vehicle conditions can be simulated.

09:25 Tread deformation measurement: a tire sensing approach to rolling resistanceYi Xiong, doctoral student, Aalto University, Finland

In recent years, tire rolling resistance that accounts for 17-21% of the total vehicle energy consumption has received a substantial amount of attention. For low rolling resistance tire development, the tread deformation information, which has not been measured previously, is of great significance. In this talk, a novel optical tire sensing system that measures the tread deformation will be presented. The proposed measurement system provides the possibility to get direct insight into the tire rolling resistance phenomenon. Moreover, it is feasible to undertake investigations of rolling resistance from both tire and road aspects through either on-vehicle testing or laboratory testing.

09:50 Noise reduction with bionic structures for a green tireFan Zhao, high-performance tire research, Jiangsu University, China

Due to the implement of EU tire regulation, the automotive industry is pursuing more environmentally friendly tire products. Various tread patterns show different performance tradeoffs based on the mechanical behaviour. The key issue lies in developing new solutions to enhance tire tread performance. The aim of this contribution is to study the influence bionic structures have on tire performance. Special attention will be given to non-smooth structure on tread pattern. The presentation will also explore proper bionic structures and how to achieve performances tradeoffs based on the structure of bionic structures.

Day 3 THursday 13 February09:00 - 12:00 Roads and TiRes: aRe They one subjecT foR ReseaRch?

Moderator, Dr Klaus-Peter Glaeser, head of section vehicle pavement interaction and acoustics, BASt, Germany

09:00 Predictive testing of friction at the tire-road interfaceDr Christian Kipscholl, managing partner, Coesfeld GmbH & Co KG, Germany

The friction between vehicle tires and road surfaces is a complex subject. It is known that the friction coefficients depend on the road surface and mainly on the proportions of adhesion and hysteresis friction of the tread material, which depend in addition on the temperature and the relative speed of the friction partners. In this presentation we will introduce the development of a friction measuring device with which a wide range of normal force, frictional speed and time profile of the frictional speed can be set precisely. Various friction partners (concrete, asphalt, ice, wet surfaces) are used for testing.



2014

AwArds for innovAtion And excellenceOn the first evening of the exhibition (11 February 2014) there will be an entertainment-packed evening where we will present the Awards for Innovation and Excellence.

Delegates, exhibitors and their guests will have free access to this event.

2013 Awards winners included:• Tire Manufacturing Innovation of the Year – VMI• Environmental Achievement of the Year – Bridgestone Americas Technical Center • Tire Technology of the Year – Cordenka• Tire Industry Supplier of the Year – Test World• Tire Manufacturer of the Year – Apollo Tyres• Young Scientist Prize – Lewis Tunnicliffe, Queen Mary University of London• Lifetime Achievement Award – Toshio Nishi, Special Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

BOOK NOW – PAY IN JANUARY 2014! RegisteR online!

OPTIONaL sHOrT COurses

40th aKron tire mechanics short coUrseThe 40th Tire Mechanics Short Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology Expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10/11/12/13 February 2014 this four-day course will provide engineers and scientists with an in-depth, intense study of the latest developments surrounding tire engineering. the course is designed for practising engineers, chemists and scientists who are concerned with tires and vehicles, and who have an engineering or science background at the Bachelor of science level. the basic aspects of the mechanics of pneumatic tires will be introduced by internationally renowned experts in tire mechanics. over 1,000 pages of course notes on CDs prepared by the instructors will be provided for all participants. those who complete this course will receive a certificate from the University of Akron.

�1,475 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE FOUR-DAY COURSE (DISCOUNT NOT APPLICABLE) MUST BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN

intelligent vehicle anD tire sYstems for energY efficiencY & safetYIntelligent vehicle-and-tire technologies are an area of current research. This three-day course is intended to provide the participants with knowledge of the multiple aspects driving this technology area, as well as of the engineering disciplines required for integration into intelligent tire-and-vehicle systems. Current status, ongoing developments and future applications of this technology will be discussed. Dates: 10/11/12 February 2014topics covered: regulatory and sustainability demands in automotive transportation; vehicle functional requirements – energy efficiency, safety, performance; agile vehicle dynamics; relationship between tire characteristics and automobile dynamics; vehicle engineering effectiveness and efficiency improvements; engine, powertrain and driveline efficiency; wheel power management; power losses in tires; current tire technology; tPMs; intelligent systems – vehicle-tire ‘sense and respond’ matrix; embedded sensors – MeMs applications; direct measurement of tire deformations; indirect measurement of interface; relationship to structural dynamics – finite element models; manufacturing requirements; integration with its models; applications to robots and remotely piloted vehicles; terrain characterisation; traversability and mobility.instructors: Vladimir V. Vantsevich (professor of Mechanical engineering), Mukul K. Verma (professor of Mechanical engineering - adjunct), University of Alabama at Birmingham

�1,245 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE THREE-DAY COURSE – CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN

preDiction of rUbber behavioUr for engineering Design short coUrseThe Prediction of Rubber Behaviour for Engineering Design Short Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology Expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 and 11 February 2014 – commencing one day before the expo and main conference

the performance requirements for engineered rubber products such as tires have continuously increased over the last few decades and are set to continue to increase. the conflicting demands of weight reduction and reduced rolling resistance, coupled with increases in abrasion resistance and wet and dry friction performance, make the tire designer’s life difficult. All rubber components have to be designed and manufactured using robust engineering principles to ensure that they comply with the expected performance and lifetime requirements. this course is designed specifically to give a detailed overview of all the core concepts involved in the design of rubber products.

�925 plUs german vat for the tWo-DaY coUrse – can be booKeD on its oWn


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basic rUbber compoUnDing coUrse The basic rubber Compounding Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 and 11 February 2014 – commencing one day before the expo and main conference

Presented by Bob Kind MiMMM, GPri technical director of Polymer recyclers ltd UK and John Bowen MiMMM, Bsc, consultant formerly of robinson Bros chemicals ltd, UK. Rubber technology embraces chemistry, physics and engineering, and some of the concepts and terminology are very specific to rubber. this basic course is designed for all those working in the associated tire industry who wish to know more about the compounding of rubber. it will try and define the concepts in simple terms but at the same time relate them to actual manufacturing and product circumstances.

�925 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE TWO-DAY COURSE – CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN

tire mathematical moDelling coUrseThe Tire Mathematical Modelling Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 February 2014 – commencing one day before the expo and main conference

Presented by Mike Blundell, professor of Vehicle Dynamics and impact, Coventry University. this course covers the computer modelling of tires within a full vehicle system. it is aimed at engineers and researchers working in both industry and academia. the subject matter will be of primary interest to vehicle dynamicists, for whom the tire is the primary force and moment generation element on the vehicle. tires are not especially complex but are deeply counter-intuitive; practitioners require an understanding of tire behaviour and the range and capability of existing models in order to generate full system models to predict the dynamic performance of a vehicle – both for comfort and for active safety. the course will start with an overview of the force and moment characteristics generated in the tire contact patch, progress through the way in which these are captured through laboratory testing, and complete with the empirical models for usefully accurate representation. the specific requirements for aircraft and motorcycle tire models will also be covered, as will the development of physical tire models to predict the interaction of the tire with road obstacles and terrain for durability analysis.

�575 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE ONE-DAY COURSE – CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN

tire regUlations short coUrseThe Tire regulations short Course will be held concurrently with Tire Technology expo 2014 in Cologne, Germany, on 10 February – the day before the expo and main conference

the course will be delivered by presenter(s) with considerable knowledge of the current tire regulations in europe and on a global basis. these are particularly critical as tire labelling and new type approval regulations are introduced. some indication of the future in terms of tire regulations will also be discussed. A brief outlook on the impact of the eU’s new chemical regulation ReACH on tires will also be given.

�575 PLUS GERMAN VAT FOR THE ONE-DAY COURSE – CAN BE BOOKED ON ITS OWN

Polymer Recyclers Ltd

ConferenCe Programme uPdate2014 ExHIBITOR LIST • 4JET Technologies GmbH • A & D Europe GmbH • AFACHE • Akron Special Machinery • Akron Steel Fabricators • Albeniz • ALLIGATOR Ventilfabrik GmbH • Allma Volkmann Zweigniederlassung der Saurer Germany GmbH & Co KG • Altracon SA • Ammeraal Beltech • AP2 - Automazione Processi Produttivi Srl • ASM-Hasbach • A-Z Formen-und-Maschinenbau GmbH • Bainite Machines Pvt Ltd • Barbe GmbH • Bartell Machinery Ltd • Bartell Machinery Systems LLC • Beckhoff Automation GmbH • Black Donuts Engineering Ltd • Bluestar Silicones International • Bogimac NV SA • Bosch Rexroth AG • BST International GmbH • Buzuluk Komarov AS • Byelorussian Steel Works • Bytewise Measurement Systems Inc • Cabot Corporation • Chem Trend Europe • China United Rubber Corporation • Cognex Germany Inc • Collmann GmbH & Co • Color Service Srl • Comerio Ercole SpA • Commercial Timesharing Inc • Computype Europe Limited • Conti Bladders • Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH • Cordenka GmbH & CoKG • Crain Communications Ltd • Cray Valley USA LLC • Crisplant AS • CyXplus • Dahmen GmbH • Data2 Corporation • Datalogic Automation Srl • D-Company Ltd • Deltagran Europe SRL • Dr Noll GmbH • Eastman Chemical Company • EGE Kimya Sanayi ve Ticaret AS • Electronic Systems SpA • Elisto GmbH • EMS-Griltech • ERGON Inc • Erhardt & Leimer GmbH • Euroimpianti SpA • Evonik Industries AG • Farrel Limited • Fecken-Kirfel GmbH & Co KG • Fischer GmbH • F/L/S Fuzzy Logik Systeme GmbH • Fraunhofer Institut fur Integrierte Schaltungen IIS • Gabo Qualimeter Testanlagen GmbH • GFA De Pryck + Co • Gislotica Mechanical Solutions Lda • Glanzstoff Industries GmbH • Glebus Alloys Europe Sro • Gottschol Alcuilux CZ • Greatoo Inc • Gudel AG • Guilin Rubber Machinery Factory • GVD Corporation • Habasit AG • Hansen & Rosenthal KG • Harburg Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH • HERBERT Maschinenbau GmbH & Co • Himile Mechanical Science and Technology Co Ltd • HOFMANN Maschinen-und Anlagenbau GmbH • Ichimaru-Giken Co Ltd • IGTT AS • IHI Corporation • IKS Klingelnberg GmbH • India Rubber Expo 2014 • Indian/International Rubber Journal & Dr Gupta Verlag • Indspec Chemical BV • inmess GmbH • INTEREUROPEAN Srl • Intralox LLC Europe • Joss Holding BV • Kara Gostar Eng Co • Kelviplast GmbH & Co KG • Kobelco Stewart Bolling Inc • konstrukta - Industry AS • KORDẤRNA Plus AS • Kordsa Global • Kraussmaffei Berstorff GmbH • Kuraray Europe GmbH • Kurschat GmbH • Lang GmbH & Co KG • LAP GmbH • Lawer SpA • Leonhard Breitenbach GmbH • LKY Wartungs und Industrie Service GmbH • LMI Technologies • Marangoni Meccanica SpA • Matteuzzi Srl • Matthews Kodiersysteme GmbH • McCoy Machinery Corporation • McNeil + NRM Inc • MESNAC / MER TC • Metravib • MICRO-EPSILON Messtechnik GmbH & Co KG • Micro-Poise Measurement Systems LLC • Milliken Europe BVBA • Mitsubishi International GmbH • Momentive • MTS Systems Corporation • MTV CUTTING-EDGE GmbH & Co KG • Muench Chemie International GmbH • Murex Technik ag • Nakata Engineering Co Ltd • NDC Infrared Engineering Ltd • NTRC • Nynas GmbH • OMNOVA Solutions • OPEN MIND Technologies AG • ORGKHIM • Parker Hannifin GmbH • Pelmar Engineering Germany GmbH • Performance Fibers • PHP Fibers GmbH • PNEUFORM Hulin AS • Polymers & Tyre Asia • PPG Industries Chemicals bv Silica Products • Prodicon International Srl • PROMERA Anlagen-Systeme GmbH • Pyrolyx • Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH • RJS Corporation • RMS Equipment LLC • Rockwell Automation • Rockwood Lithium GmbH • Rodolfo Comerio Srl • Roland Electronic GmbH • RÜTGERS Novares GmbH • Sage Automation Inc • SAR Elektronic GmbH • Schill + Seilacher “Struktol” GmbH • SDS Systemtechnik • Seichter GmbH • Shanghai Cheeshine Chemicals Co Ltd • SIBUR Holding • SICK Vertriebs-GmbH • Siemens AG • Silmag International • Simaform SA • SinoArp Tires Equipment Technology (Suzhou) Co Ltd • Sino Legend (Zhangjiagang) Chemical Co Ltd • Sinorgchem Europe BV • Smithers Rapra • SNE Deshors Moulage • Solvay • Spoolex SAS • Standards Testing Labs • Steinbichler Optotechnik GmbH • SYNTHOMER Deutschland GmbH • TARRC • TAUFORM Tyre Moulds Co Ltd • TechnoBiz Communications Co Ltd • Technodesign Inc • Test Measurement Systems Inc • Texmer GmbH & Co KG • The Poling Group • The Steelastic Company • Tien Sheng Moulding Tech. Inc • Transmisie engineering AS • TRANSNORM SYSTEM GmbH • Tridelta Magnetsysteme GmbH • Troester GmbH & Co KG • TS-Plzen AS • TS TestingService GmbH • TST Europe BV • TUV SUD Automotive GmbH • Umicore Specialty Materials Brugge NV • Uteco Contec • UTH GmbH • Uzer Makina ve Kalip Sanayii AS • Van Riet Material Handling Systems BV • Versalis SpA • Vipo AS • VMI Group • Vredestein Consulting BV • WD Racing Ltd • Werba-Chem GmbH • WALZEN IRLE • Wikov MGI as • Wyko Tire Technology • Yxlon International GmbH • Zeppelin Systems GmbH • ZF Friedrichshafen AG • Z-Laser Optoelektronik GmbH

*see website for the latest exhibitor list

The gloBal Tire Design anD Tire ManufacTuring evenT

FOr MOre INFOrMaTIONContact: Mark Fenner | UKIP Media & Events | abinger House | Church Street | Dorking | Surrey | rH4 1DF | UK | Tel: +44 1306 743744 | Fax: +44 1306 877411Email: [email protected] | www.tiretechnology-expo.com

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