Georgia from Confederation to Constitution In 1783, the United
Confederation to Constitution
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Transcript of Confederation to Constitution
CONFEDERATION TO CONSTITUTIONChapter 8
PLEASE WATCH THE VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=h10eSXRFsTM
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the Americans create a national
government that respected both the Independence of states and the rights of individuals?
SECTION 1 IMPORTANT TERMS Shay’s Rebellion: uprising of Massachusetts farmer who
demanded debt relief. Northwest Territory: Land NW of App. Mts. Covered by the land
ordinance of 1785 Articles of Confederation: plan for national government ratified
in 1781. Confederation Congress: national legislative body formed by
the Articles of Confederation. Land Ordinance of 1785: law that est. A plan for dividing the
federally owned lands west of the App. Mts. Northwest Ordinance: law that described how the Northwest
Territory was to be governed. Republic: state, country, or nation which people elect
representatives to govern. Ratification: act of official confirmation Levy: impose or raise a tax Arsenal: place where weapons are stored
THE CONFEDERATION ERA After Revolutionary War – to have were
economic hardships- states continue to have high taxes.
Shay’s Rebellion: -uprising of farmers protesting against unfair taxation.
FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT People before opposed a harsh rule from a
distance. Goal was to prevent governmental tyranny in
a new nation. Agreed the new national to be a republic- a
country in which people choose representatives to govern them.
Property owners –white males who could vote African Americans and women could not
vote.
STATE CONSTITUTION LEAD THE WAY
Each state was to create their own government
Farmers wanted to make colonial systems more representative
Some states gave different powers to different parts of the government.
Limited powers of Governors 1st constitutional document – (Virginia’s
Constitution of 1776) It protected
Freedom of Press Freedom of Religion
Realized they had to form a United Government
Diplomat John Dickinson- “By united we stand, by divided we fall.”
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Delegates disagreed on how each state gets
one vote or by population Disagreed on control of the Northwest
Territory Congress agreed on a plan of Articles of
Confederation National Government would be run by
legislative Body called Confederation Congress
POWERS OF CONGRESS Wage war Make Peace Sign treaties Run Indian affairs Issue money or borrow money Each state had one vote in congress
States Powers Set taxes Enforce National laws
Articles sent to Ratification (approval) But some states refused to sign because
didn’t have land claims in Western Frontier. 1. sell lands to pay debts- disadvantages to
small. Worried big states would become to powerful
In 1781 finally ratified after states gave up claim from Western Lands
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES Realized Confederation Congress was to
weak to deal with most national issues.Land Ordinance of 1785 To lay out land in a six mile square plot /
townships/ lands Northwest Territory Ohio Indiana Michigan Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecfS2AeNavo
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Outlined how the Northwest territory was to
be governed 60,000 people could apply to be a state Freedom of Religion Rivers open to all Trial by Jury Helped with orderly growth of the United
States.
PROBLEMS WITH BRITAIN AND SPAIN Britian competed against America fur trade. Britain banned American ships in British
waters. Spain banned American ships in Carribbean Spain refused to allow Americans to use
Mississippi River or deposit goods in New Orleans.
Spain and Congress argued over boundary of Florida.
Problems with foreign relations – revealed weakness in National government.
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND SHAY’S REBELLION Trade weakened – serious economic crisis Didn’t have power to levy or collect taxes-
(national government) State sent little money could not afford
(states and people) Hoped to solve problems by giving more
power to national government.
SECTION 2Creating the Constitution
oCall for a Constitutional Conventiono1786 Delegates from 5 states
meet in Annapolis, Maryland.o1. promote trade among states- “High tax amongst states
o2 creating a trade laws- National would help economics.
They would have to amend “Articles of Confederation” Because National Government had no
regulations on trade among states. Alexander Hamilton- Convention in Philadelphia-
all sent delegates (except Rhode Island)
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION May 25, 1787- Convention Opened
Delegates voted for George Washington (President of the Convention)
James Madison – Virginia delegate – shaped the constitution. He took detailed notes –on ideas from the proceedings.
WHO WAS THERE? Constitutional Convention - 55 delegates Delegates known as Founders or Founding
Fathers of the U.S. Popular Sovereignty- Is a government
system in which people rule. Who was missing?
Jefferson and Adams- oversees diplomat posts. Patrick Henry – refused to go –said, “He smelled
a rat towards monarchy.”
Convention did not reflect on diversity of U.S. Population Native mericans African Americans Women In the future will give full rights to all American
citizens
SOME CHALLENGES OF THE CONVENTION People and states that have conflict need
government order Government that protects people’s rights but
does not oppress them.
DISAGREEMENTS OVER REPUTATION Two forms of New Government Virginia Plan – Edmund Randolph 1. executive branch---- enforce the laws 2. judicial branch----- interpret the laws 3. legislative branch---- Create the laws
1. Upper house 2. Lower House
Number of representatives based on population or its wealth
Checks and balances- Controlling power of government
New government designed to limit abuse Small states objected the plan Gave more power to larger populations
NEW JERSEY PLAN William Paterson Like the Articles of Confederation Single House government Each state had a single vote The Great Compromise
1787 passed plan Roger Sherman –deal Great Compromise Each state had an equal number of votes House of Represenatives – it was based on
population
CHALLENGES OVER SLAVERY House of represenatives based on
population. How to decided about slaves.
3/5 Compromise Southern states had more slaves than the
northern states. South- wanted slaves counted and disagreed
on banning slavery North- Did not want slaves counted, only for
taxation. They wanted slavery outlawed.
Compromised that 3/5 slaves would be counted.
1. Representation in legislation 2. taxationSouth Carolina and Georgia said they would
not sign anything. The right to import slaves would be untouched.
Congress agreed that they couldn’t ban slavery until 1808.
SECTION 3RATIFICATION AND THE BILL OF RIGHTS Anti Federalists: People who opposed
constitution Pamphlet: sent out by Mercy Otis Warren-
concerns about people ruling the nation. Once the pamphlet was circulating the
farmers wanted to ratify the constitution at once.
CONCERNS OF THE FEDERALISTS Take too much power away from the states Federalism- is a system of government
shared power by federal and state government.
Federalist- people who supported the constitution.
The Federalist Papers: Promoted and answered their critics about the Constitution.
Writers: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
Reasons why people should ratify constitution.
CONCERNS OF THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS Too much power taken away from states. Didn’t guarantee rights to people. Strong President be declared king. Feared Senate to powerful, liberties be lost. Rural areas supported- Anti- Federalist – do to
Tax Burden Large states and strong economies- Had
more freedom under Articles of Confederation.
BATTLE FOR RATIFICATION Constitution had nothing to protect the
Rights of People. Thomas Jefferson wanted to add Bill of
Rights- A summary of Citizen’s Rights and Freedoms – set amendments to the Constitution.
CALL FOR A BILL OF RIGHTS Patrick Henry and George Mason- were ant
federalist Wanted Guarantee that people would have
Freedom of speech Freedom of Religion Freedom of Press Trial by Jury Right to Bear Arms
Federalists yielded to demand. Added the Bill of Rights
Majority Rule
BILL OF RIGHTS AND THE CONSTITUTION Madison proposed ten amendments to
constitution (Bill of Rights) Bill of Rights
1st nine amendments – Basic individual Rights Government shall not favor one religion over
another or interfere with anyone’s religious Freedom.
1st amendment (separation of church and state) Protects people from government abuse
AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION 2/3 of each house of Congress or State
Legislative to propose a amendment To become a law ¾ approval of states Bill of Rights – 1st ten amendments – 17
amendments have been added since.