1. 1. Submitted by: Joerigene Odette C. Neri EdTech 1 Submitted to: Ms. Mercylene M. Briones EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY MIDTERM
2. 2. 1. What is the cone of experience of Edgar Dale? 2. What are the sensory aids in the Cone of Experience? 3. What are its implications to teaching? 4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? 5. Which learning aids in Dales Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruners model? Illustrate using a diagram. 6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? 10. How this model helps in attaining the College vision-mission?
3. 3. The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not a degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the
4. 4. of Experience? The different kinds of sensory aid often overlap and sometimes blend into one another. Motion pictures can be silent or they can combine sight and sound. Students may merely view a demonstration or they may view it then participate in it. One kind of sensory experience is not necessarily more educationally useful than another. Sensory
5. 5. 3. WHAT ARE ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING? Dale (1969) wrote that May lead to a more useful way of thinking about audio visual materials and their application in the classroom The levels of the Cone are interactive As one moves up the Cone there is not necessarily an increase in difficulty but rather an increase in abstract thought
6. 6. 4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? Symbolic Iconic Enactive Increasing ABSTRACTION
7. 7. 5. Which learning aids in Dales Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruners model? Illustrate using a diagram. ENACTIVE: Refers to the direct or actual experiences or encounter with what is. This is life on the raw, rich, and unedited. They form the bases for all other learning experiences.
8. 8. Mis-Conceptions of the Cone All teaching/learning must move from the bottom to the top of the Cone. One kind of experience on the Cone is more useful than another More emphasis should be put on the bottom levels of the Cone The upper level of the Cone is for older students while the lower levels are for younger students It overemphasizes the use of instructional media
9. 9. Misrepresentations of the Cone www.biij.org/2008/1/e16/fig4.gif www.compstrategies.com/.../img002.gif www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/sae/ppt1/img012.GIF web20guru.wikispaces.com/file/view/dalescone.gif
10. 10. Enactive direct experiences Direct, Purposeful Contrived Dramatized Iconic pictorial experiences Demonstrations Study trips Exhibits Educational television Motion pictures Recordings, radio, still pictures Symbolic highly abstract experiences Visual symbols Verbal symbols
11. 11. What does the Cone mean for instruction? Dale (1938) taught teachers that they should help their students learn how the media effects us, and to critically evaluate it. Teachers must evaluate the benefit of the learning vs. the amount of time required in the lesson How to effectively use instructional media to helping students move from concrete to abstract thought http://elzeeyed.com/ydome/wpcontent/uploads/2007/08/teacher_cartoon.gif
12. 12. Conclusion: The Cone of Experience is a visual device to aid teachers in the selection of instructional media The Cone is based on the movement from concrete experiences to abstract experiences The literal interpretation of the Cone has resulted in misconceptions of its use The Cone has practical applications in classroom instruction
13. 13. 6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA: encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use. to implement instruction and facilitate students achievement of instructional objectives. this may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts and slides.
14. 14. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 1. Standardization of the delivery of instruction. 2. More attention-grabbing instruction. 3. More retention in learning. 4. More interactive learning. 5. Reduced length of time required for instruction. 6. Provision for instruction whenever and wherever necessary. 7.Enhancement of positive attitudes of students to learning. 8. Shift of role of teachers from instructors to facilitators. 9. Individualization of learning. 10.More multi-sensory learning.
15. 15. What are its role in the teaching-learning process? Heinich , et al. 91996) identified the following roles of instructional media in the teaching-learning process: 1. properly designed instructional media can enhance and promote learning and support teacher-based instruction. 2. media can be used effectively in formal education situations where a teacher is not available or is working with other students. 3. media can play important role in the education of students with exceptionalities and disabilities.
16. 16. 7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 1. According to sense modality. 2. According to projection. 3. According to literacy requirement. 4. According to dimensions. 5. According to pacing of media content. 6. According to accessibility. 7. According to cost. 8. According to electronic requirement.
17. 17. 8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Teachers could be guided by the following principles in selecting instructional media. 1.Principle of Appropriateness instructional materials must promote the general and specific goals of the class instructional materials must be appropriate to the level intended in terms of vocabulary level, difficulty of concepts, methods of development, and interest appeal. Instructional must be either basic or supplementary to the curriculum. 2. Principle of Authenticity Instructional materials must present accurate, up-to-date, dependable information.
18. 18. 3. Principle of Interest Instructional materials must catch the interest of the learners. It must stimulate curiosity or satisfy the learners need to know. It must have the power to motivate, encourage creativity, and imaginative response among users. 4. Principle of organization and Balance Instructional material must be well organized and well balanced in content. Purpose of the material must clearly stated or perceived. There should be logical organization, clarity, and accordance with principles of learning such as reinforcement, transfer, and application in the materials. 5. Principle of Cost If there are available substitutes for costly materials, these substitutes maybe considered first.
19. 19. What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Considering the principles mentioned, the following factors are to be considered in selecting instructional media: 1. Relevance of the media to the lesson objectives. 2. suitability to students age, learning abilities and styles, and reading level. 3. Accuracy and novelty of media 4. Provision of learner participation. 5. Provision feedback
20. 20. What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 6. Appeal 7. Availability 8. Adaptability 9. Ease in the use or Operation of the media 10. Learning environment 11. Cost 12. Objectivity 13. Maintenance 14. Technical quality
21. 21. 9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? Assure model is a procedural guide for planning and delivering instruction that incorporates media, assumes that training or instruction really is required. ASSURE stands for: ANALYZE LEARNERS STATE OBJECTIVES SELECT MEDIA AND MATERIALS UTILIZE MATERIALS REQUIRE LEARNER PERFORMANCE EVALUATE/REVISE
22. 22. 10.How this model helps in attaining the college vision-mission? stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each necessary for the successful implementation of the instruction, including: 1) Analyze learners, 2) State Objectives, 3) Select Methods, Media, and Materials, 4) Utilize Media and Materials, 5) Require learner Participation, and 6) Evaluate and Revisenecessary
23. 23. Ballado, Ronato. S. (2012). Basic Concepts in Educational Technology I Dooley, K. (2005). Advanced methods in distance education: Applications and practices for educators, administrators and learners. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing. Molenda, M. (2003). Cone of Experience. In Kovalchick, A., & Dawson, K. (Eds.). Education and technology: An encyclopedia (p. 161-164). Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. http://www.learning-theories.com/elaboration-theory-reigeluth.html http://www.slideshare.net/sjaser/teaching-and-learning-process?qid=9262db31- c881-49e8-9dc4-e1c5f78065fa&v=default&b=&from_search=13 https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=4rXAVZKHAYzHoATI0qn4Bg&gws_rd =ssl#q=factors+to+consider+in+selecting+and+using+instructional+media https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=learning+aids+of+edgar+dales+cone+of+exp eriences&rlz=1C2PRFE_enPH650PH650&biw=1034&bih=639&tbm=isch&tbo=u&s ource=univ&sa=X&ved=0CEIQsARqFQoTCPba5q2hkccCFdcFjgod5S8GYA#imgrc= 4x0M4oEK4naNgM%3A http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=role+of+instru ctional+media+in+teaching+-learning+process https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology#Media