Conductive Heat Transfer Apparatus
description
Transcript of Conductive Heat Transfer Apparatus
CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
APPARATUS P13624
John Durfee, Ryan Murphy, Fielding Confer Dan Unger, Katie Higgins, Robin Basalla
Group Members
Roles • Project ManagerFielding Confer
• Lead EngineerDan Unger
• SecretaryRobin Basalla
• Mechanical EngineerJohn Durfee
• Chemical EngineerKatie Higgins
• Chemical EngineerRyan Murphy
• Team GuideDr. Michael Antoniades
Karuna Koppula and Paul GregoriusRIT Chemical Engineering
Customers and Sponsor
Agenda • 10:15Project
DescriptionConcept
Summary• 10:20Design Summary
System Architecture
• 10:25System Testing ResultsProject
Evaluation• 10:35Future
ProjectionsQuestions
Project Description
Top Level Function
Uninformed Student
Partial Assembly
Energy
Unknown k
Informed StudentHands-on
ExperienceThermal Energy
Known k
Demonstrate Principle of
Thermal Conductivity
Functional DecompositionDemonstrateThermalConductivity
Creates1-DimensionalHeat Transfer
Minimal heat loss from boundariesGenerates heat fluxProvides proper temperature variationAccepts multiple geometriesAccepts multiple materials/phasesMinimizes resistance at heat exchanges
GeneratesMeasurableData
AccuratePreciseManual collectionDigital collection (Labview)Displays rate of heat fluxDisplays temperature distribution
EnhanceStudent Lab Skills
Requires manual assembly and disassemblyCan be used within given time periodsFits on the chemical engineering cartsHas replaceable components Low maintenanceDurable
Project Plan II Week Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Review Bill of Materials Assess Test/Assembly Plan Order Parts Software Development Discuss possible design modifications Generate testing procedures Receive first tier of parts Documentation Format testing datasheets Talk to machine shop Draft insulation testing block Machine specimens Machine insulation Receive heater and thermocouples Construct presentation Test thermocouples Assemble insulation Test heat source Test cold side Failure analysis on insulation Test specimens w/o insulation Test specimens in insulation w/ cold side Test specimens in insulation w/o cold side Failure analysis on housing material Construct cold side housing modification Form housing structure Assemble final apparatus Final testing Functional and Performance Review Functional and Performance Review Format Lab Procedure Final Project Review Final Project Management Review Upload all documentation
Review and Planning
Order Parts
Construction and Testing
Final Assembly and Testing
Documentation and Presentation
Software Development
Document Templates
Concept Summary
Subsystems and Ideas
Subsystems
Hot
Cold
Specimen
Temp. Trans.
Insulation
Liquid flow jacket
Liquid flow jacket
Rectangular prism (bar)
Thermocouples
Form-fitted Solid
Steam flow jacket
Cold air gun (vortex tube)
Cylinder (rod)
Resistance Thermomet
erForm-fitting malleable
Steam flow jacket
Liquid N2
Thermistors
Wrapped
Electric heater
Thermoelectric Device
Color-changing Material
Packed
Combined Concept
Design Summary
Design as of MSD I Cartridge heater
Drilled into Specimen Cooling water jacket Boxed housing Thermocouples
Drilled into Specimen Cylindrical Specimen Rigid, molded
insulation Seated closure
Cross SectionsHot Side Cold Side
Bill of MaterialsProject 13624 - Conductive Heat Transfer Demonstration Apparatus
Part Name Material Manufacturer Distributor Part # k value Dimensions Quantity Needed Unit Price Shipping Total
Price
Rigid Calcium Silicate Insulation Calcium Silicate McMaster-Carr 9353k43 .073 W/mK 24 x 48 1 $126.93 $8.75 $135.68
Kiln-Dried Hem-Fir S4S
Dimensional Lumber
Hemlock Wood Lowe's Item # - 4545Model # - N/A .89 BTU/in 2 x 8 x 8 4 $7.35 N/A $29.40
Ready Made Insulated
Thermocouples
Nickel-Chromium/
Nickel-Alumel with Glass Braid
Insulation
Omega Omega 5TC-gg-k-20-36 N/A Package of 5 2 $41.00 $5.00 $87.00
Multi-Purpose Aluminum 6061 Aluminum 6061 McMaster-Carr 8974k133 167 W/mK 1 in diamter by 3
feet 1 $19.34 $8.75 $28.09
Multi-Purpose Copper Alloy 110 Copper 110 McMaster-Carr 8966k23 388 W/mK 1 in diamter by 3
feet 1 $126.22 $8.75 $134.97
Ultra Machineable Brass Alloy 360 Brass 360 McMaster-Carr 8953k983 115 W/mK 1 in diamter by 3
feet 1 $83.51 $8.75 $92.26
5A Variac Variable AC Power
TransformerN/A PHC
EnterprisesParts-
Express.com 120-842 N/A N/A 1 $124.50 $3.99 $128.49
Bill of Materials (continued)Cabot Australian
Timber Oil Transparent
Exterior Stain
Cabot Lowe'sItem # - 220549
Model # - 140.0019400.005
N/A1-Quart
Transparent Exterior Stain
1 $16.48 $0.00 $16.48
The Hillman Group 50-Count
#8 x 2-1/2
Zinc Plated Wood Screws
The Hillman Group Lowe's Item # - 68356
Model # - 35058 N/A 50-Count 1 $5.58 $0.00 $5.58
High Watt Density Cartridge Heater
with Incoloy Sheath
Incoloy Sheath Omega Omega CIR-2012-120 N/A 1 1/4 in long by 3/8 in around 2 $42.00 $5.00 $89.00
Epoxy Adhesive E-40Ht
Hysol E-40 Epoxy Loctite McMaster-Carr 7555A41 N/A 1.69 oz (50 mL) 2 $15.80 $8.75 $40.35
Reducing coupling (10pk) Nylon McMaster-Carr 5463K233 N/A 1"-1/2" 2 $8.94 $5.00 $22.88
Reducing coupling Nylon McMaster-Carr 5463K225 N/A 1/2"-3/8" 2 $5.60 $5.00 $16.20
Water-Resistant Clear Tubing Polyurethane McMaster-Carr 5195T84 N/A 1" ID (1 ft piece) 2 $4.05 $5.00 $13.10
Water-Resistant Clear Tubing Polyurethane McMaster-Carr 5195T78 N/A 1/2" ID (1 ft
piece) 2 $3.05 $5.00 $11.10
Water-Resistant Clear Tubing Polyurethane McMaster-Carr 5195T73 N/A 3/8" ID (1 ft
piece) 25 $1.34 $5.00 $38.50
Union Tee Brass Swagelok B-1610-3 N/A 1" OD 1 $50.61 $8.00 $58.61
Totals $947.69
Issues in MSD IIThe following issues will be explained further: Cold Side support addition Shipping time of heaters and
thermocouples Received a damaged sheet of insulation
Shipping Time Most materials had a reasonable lead
time Cartridge heaters were backordered by
supplier Thermocouples and heaters both took
over a month to receive Both pieces were critical to testing Lead time disrupted original process plan
Insulation Insulation came
damaged from supplier Time was used to ship
it back There was the
possibility of it happening again
Modifications were made to the design to avoid using the same sheet of insulation
System Architecture
Major Changes from MSD I Whole length insulation has been replaced
by a protected air pocket Two hard points at either end provide
support to the specimen Insulation is no longer used as a lip to seal
the apparatus The outer housing has been connected
through a hinge to allow for easier assembly Material changes
Structured mineral wool insulation High temperature Silicone fabric Smaller scale calcium silicate
Current Revision
Financial Status Current Expenditures: $905.53 Projected Expense: $947.69 Savings: $42.16 Below ideal budget: $1000
LabView Interface
Additional Programming A Microsoft Excel file will be provided to
the lab students It prompts them for all known
parameters Final Temperatures LabView Data Material
The file will automatically display graphs and values helpful to the understanding of heat conduction
System Testing Results
Thermocouples Purpose:
To test the accuracy and precision of the thermocouple measurements.
Procedure: Each thermocouple was placed in a beaker of boiling water at 100°C. Temperature was recorded ten times with each thermocouple.
Results: The average and standard deviation were calculated and compared to expected values
Thermocouple
Average Temperature
(°C)Standard Deviation
1 99.46 0.05162 98.64 0.05163 98.63 0.06754 98.27 0.10595 98.33 0.06756 99.25 0.05277 98.52 0.04228 98.45 0.05279 98.35 0.097210 98.62 0.0789
Heat Source Purpose:
To determine the rate at which the cartridge heater will be receiving power. The results will provide insight on the heating power, Qin.
Procedure:The cartridge heater was attached to the power supply and changed periodically
Results:The power output versus voltage dial setting was fit to a curve
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
20406080
100120140160
Power Curve
Voltage (Dial)
Pow
er (
W)
𝑃=𝑎∗𝑉 𝑏
Housing and Insulation Insulation tested simultaneously with
apparatus Design modifications made previous plan
obsolete Constraints made direct assembly and
testing necessary The same testing applies to the Housing The cartridge heater cannot exceed 120
V The highest voltage tested was 110 V No thermal hazards were experienced
Cold Side The Cold Side works effectively at
removing necessary heat values It is operational at temperatures down to
10 ºC Teflon tape can be used to prevent
leaking from the assembled cooling jacket
Final Test Values
The observed steady state times are different for each material
This does not agree with the preliminary calculations projecting 20 minutes maximum
However, temperature gradients can safely reach above 100 ºC
Material
Emperical Value
(W/m.K)
Std Deviation (W/m.K)
McMaster-Carr Value (W/m.K)
% errorSteady
State Time (min)
Aluminum 275 6 167 64.4 ̴)60Copper 470 6 388 21.1 ̴)50Brass 184 7 115 59.8 ̴)150
Project Evaluation
Success Safe Robust Simple Precise Reliable components High temperature gradients
Failure Cumbersome Not a flexible design Lengthy steady state times Accuracy off by a factor
Dependent on the material Current precision can allow for future
correction
Prototyping would have been highly beneficial
Project Plan Reassessment Week Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Review Bill of Materials Assess Test/Assembly Plan Order Parts Software Development Discuss possible design modifications Generate testing procedures Receive first tier of parts Documentation Format testing datasheets Talk to machine shop Draft insulation testing block Machine specimens Machine insulation Receive heater and thermocouples Construct presentation Test thermocouples Assemble insulation Test heat source Test cold side Failure analysis on insulation Test specimens w/o insulation Test specimens in insulation w/ cold side Test specimens in insulation w/o cold side Failure analysis on housing material Construct cold side housing modification Form housing structure Assemble final apparatus Final testing Functional and Performance Review Format Lab Procedure Final Project Review Final Project Management Review Upload all documentation
Future Projections
Future Work Further testing can be done to better
understand the instrumental error Downsizing the design would allow for
faster testing An additional cooling jacket and/or quick
release tubing would make it easier to handle specimens
An appropriate container to dispose of hot specimens, make exchanges easier and safer
Modify certain components to allow more flexibility
Questions?