ASTM INTERNATIONAL Helping our world work better

ISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4 Stock #: STP1601

www.astm.org

Concrete Pipe and Box CulvertsSTP 1601 Editors: John J. Meyer Josh Beakley

ASTM INTERNATIONAL Selected Technical Papers

Concrete Pipe and B

ox Culverts

Meyer | B

eakleySTP 160

1A

STM

International

Editors: John J. Meyer and Josh Beakley

Concrete Pipe and Box Culverts

ASTM STOCK #STP1601DOI: 10.1520/STP1601-EB

Selected technical PaPerSStP1601

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Meyer, John, 1952- editor. | Beakley, Josh, 1967- editor. | ASTM International, sponsoring body.Title: Concrete pipe and box culverts / editors, John Meyer, Josh Beakley.Description: West Conshohocken, PA : ASTM International, [2017] | Series: Selected technical papers ; STP1601 | Papers presented at a symposium held December 7, 2016, in Orlando, Florida, USA sponsored by ASTM International Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe. | “ASTM Stock #STP1601.” | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2017019653 (print) | LCCN 2017019985 (ebook) | ISBN 9780803176461 (ebook) | ISBN 9780803176454 (pbk.)Subjects: LCSH: Concrete culverts--Congresses.Classification: LCC TE213 (ebook) | LCC TE213 .C66 2017 (print) | DDC 625.7/342--dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017019653

ISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4

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Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor. The authors addressed all of the reviewers’ comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM International Committee on Publications.

The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of the peer reviewers. In keeping with long-standing publication practices, ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers. The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.

Citation of Papers

When citing papers from this publication, the appropriate citation includes the paper authors, “paper title,” STP title, STP number, book editor(s), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, year, page range, paper doi, listed in the footnote of the paper. A citation is provided on page one of each paper.

Printed in Bay Shore, NYJune, 2017

THIS COMPILATION OF Selected Technical Papers, STP1601, Concrete Pipe and Box Culverts, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposium held December 7, 2016, in Orlando, Florida, USA. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM International Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe.

Symposium Chairpersons and STP Editors:

John J. MeyerConsultant

Wales, WI, USA

Josh BeakleyAmerican Concrete Pipe Association

Irving, TX, USA

Foreword

v

Overview vii

Lap Weld Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Cages 1George Hand II, David Schnerch, and Kimberly L. Spahn

The History and Application of the Three-Edge Bearing Test for Concrete Pipe 18Eric Carleton, Steve Hiner, and John Kurdziel

The Evolution of the Application of Highway Live Loads to Buried Concrete Pipe 28Josh Beakley

Research and Concepts Behind the ASTM C1818 Specification for Synthetic Fiber Concrete Pipes 42

Ashley Wilson, Ali Abolmaali, Yeonho Park, and Emmanuel Attiogbe

History of Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe Design 50Corey L. Haeder

History of the ASTM Specifications for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert Sections 59

Steven J. DelloRusso and George Wayne Hodge

GFRP Reinforcements in Box Culvert Bridge: A Case Study After Two Decades of Service 75

Omid Gooranorimi, John Myers, and Antonio Nanni

Structural Design of ASTM C361 Low Head Pressure Pipe Joints 89Corey L. Haeder

Evolution of Precast Box Culvert Joint and Sealing 118Pardeep Sharma

Calculation Variations Between the Indirect and Direct Design Methods 135Shawn R. Coombs and John Kurdziel

Contents

vii

As we approach the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we must continue to move forward with an enlightened vision, building on the tremendous ad-vancements made by the concrete pipe industry since its formation in the early 1900s.

This series of selected technical papers (STP) was published as the end-result of the December 2016 symposium on Concrete Pipe and Box Culverts, held in Orlando, Florida. The event was sponsored by ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe.

The objectives of this symposium were to present historical information on the evolution of specifications and manufacturing technology; describe new design and installation procedures; discuss innovative applications and uses; introduce new technologies for concrete pipe products; and to both discuss and determine the use of, and the need for, new ASTM standards for these products.

Concrete pipe products include circular pipe, box culverts, and manholes, along with all the other various shapes of pipe, and the innovative applications of precast concrete drainage devices.

The symposium met its objectives because of the countless hours dedicated to this undertaking by the authors/presenters. Not to be overlooked are the additional hours donated by those who performed peer reviews. These steps assure the international scientific and engineering community a quality publication.

Symposium Co-Chairmen and Editors John J. Meyer, P.E. Josh Beakley, P.E. Consultant American Concrete Pipe Assoc. Wales, WI Irving, TX

Overview

ASTM INTERNATIONAL Helping our world work better

ISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4 Stock #: STP1601

www.astm.org

Concrete Pipe and Box CulvertsSTP 1601 Editors: John J. Meyer Josh Beakley

ASTM INTERNATIONAL Selected Technical Papers

Concrete Pipe and B

ox Culverts

Meyer | B

eakleySTP 160

1A

STM

International