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Concrete and

concretecomponents

Beton

Source Wikipedia - adapted 

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Programme CONCRETE

What is it? Chemistry of concrete?

What is it used for?

Records?

What is C!?

 "d#antages?

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Concrete-$theory% - construction admi&ture that consists of cement $common'y Port'and cement%(

aggregate $genera''y gra#e' p'us sand% and )ater* Concrete so'idifies and hardens after mi&ing and p'acement due to a chemica'

process kno)n as hydration* The )ater reacts )ith the cement( )hich +ondsthe other components together( e#entua''y creating a stone-'ike materia'* ,t is used to make pa#ements( architectura' structures( foundations(

motor)aysroads( o#erpasses( parking structures( +rick+'ock )a''s andfootings for gates( fences and po'es*

Concrete is used more than any other manmade materia' on the p'anet* "s of.//0 a+out si& +i''ion cu+ic meters of concrete are made each year( )hich

e1ua's one cu+ic meter for e#ery person on Earth* Concrete po)ers a !S 230+i''ion industry )hich emp'oys more than t)o mi''ion )orkers in the !nitedStates a'one* ore than 00(/// mi'es of free)ays and high)ays in "mericaare made of this materia'* The Peop'e4s Repu+'ic of China current'y consumes5/6 of the )or'd7s cement 8concrete9 production*

 

 Composition: ;* cement 5* chemica' admi&tures   .* aggregates 0* minera' admi&tures and +'ended cements   3* )ater

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Concrete block

B'ocks of cinder concrete $=cinder +'ocks> or >+reee+'ocks>%(ordinary concrete $@concrete +'ocks>%( or ho''o) ti'e are generica''ykno)n as Concrete asonry !nits $C!%s* They usua''y are much'arger than ordinary +ricks and so are much faster to 'ay for a )a'' of

a gi#en sie* Aurthermore( cinder and concrete +'ocks ha#e much'o)er )ater a+sorption rates than +rick* They often are used as thestructura' core for #eneered +rick masonry( or are used a'one for the)a''s of factories( garages and other >industria'> +ui'dings )heresuch appearance is accepta+'e or desira+'e* Such +'ocks oftenrecei#e a stucco surface for decoration* Surface-+onding cement()hich contains synthetic fi+ers for reinforcement( is sometimes usedin this app'ication and can impart e&tra strength to a +'ock )a''*Surface-+onding cement is often pre-co'ored and can +e stained orpainted thus resu'ting in a finished stucco-'ike surface*

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Concrete +'ocks-ad#antages

The primary structural ad#antage of concrete +'ocks incomparison to sma''er c'ay-+ased +ricks is that a C! )a'' can +ereinforced by filling the block voids with concrete with or

without steel rebar * enera''y( certain #oids are designated forfi''ing and reinforcement( particu'ar'y at corners( )a''-ends( andopenings )hi'e other #oids are 'eft empty* This increases )a''strength and sta+i'ity more economica''y than fi''ing and reinforcinga'' #oids* "nother type of stee' reinforcement( referred to as 'adder-reinforcement( can also +e em+edded in horizontal mortar oints ofconcrete +'ock )a''s* The introduction of stee' reinforcement

genera''y resu'ts in a C! )a'' ha#ing much greater 'atera' andtensi'e strength than un-reinforced )a''s*

Some concrete +'ocks are co'ored( and some emp'oy a sp'it face( atechni1ue that resu'ts in t)o +'ocks +eing manufactured as one unitand 'ater sp'it into t)o* This gi#es the +'ocks a rough face rep'icatingthe appearance of natura'( 1uarried stone( such as +ro)nstone* Aor

app'ications such as road)ay sound contro' )a''s( the facepatterns may be complex and even artistic*

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test 1) Fill in the missing parts of

composition:  "% Cement

B% C% "ggregates D% 0% inera' admi&tures and +'ended

cements

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test 2/nd part

0) 'hich material we don*tneed for concrete mixer plant+

 "% Water B% Cement C% Wood D% "ggregates ) 'hich material is used more

than any other on the planet+  "% Concrete B% Wood C% Bricks D% Reed ) Concrete bricks are usually:

 "% Bigger than ordinary B% Sma''er than ordinary C% The same as ordinary +ricks

1() -ow many miles offreeways and highways aremade in %merica of concrete+

 "% (/// mi'es B% 00(/// mi'es C% 30( /// mi'es D% FG(/// mi'es 11) Cinder and concrete blocks

have 334434water absorptionrates than bricks4

 "% much 'o)er  B% compara+'e C% s'ight'y +igger 

D% much +igger   12) -ydration is3  "% a natura' process )hen

materia's a+sor+ )ater  B% a chemica' process )hen

concrete so'idifies and hardens

C% a materia' property of concreteto keep )ater 

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Concrete

componentunit

 

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Co'umn footing

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Wa'' footing

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Concrete desk

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Concrete )a''

,o'ace

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Typica' shapes of concrete +'ock

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Typica' shapes

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Other shapes

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Other shapes

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Concrete girder 

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Concrete 'inte'

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Concrete truss

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Concrete stairs

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Concrete shaft ring

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Concrete pipe'ine

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Concrete co'umn

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Concrete pa#ement

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Concrete pane'

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Concrete ti'e

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Concrete 'inte'