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CONCRETE

Prokon Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd. +27 12 346 2231 | info@prokon.com | www.prokon.com10 Guild House, 239 Bronkhorst Street, Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa

Prokon Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd. +27 12 346 2231 | info@prokon.com | www.prokon.com10 Guild House, 239 Bronkhorst Street, Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa

Input of the geometry and/or load cases in some of the concrete design modules can be automated by linking from the analysis results in

Frame and/or Sumo Structural Analysis.

The workflow is further enhanced by automatic generation of rein-forcement bending schedules by most of the concrete design modules.

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Continuous Beam / Slab Design

Pre-stressed Beam / Slab Design

Rectangular Slab Panel Design

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Concrete Column Design

Concrete Retaining Wall Design

Concrete Base Design

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Section Design for Crack Widths

Concrete Section Design

Punching Shear Design

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PROKON CONCRETE DES IGN

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Prokon’s Continuous Beam and Slab Design module allows you to easily design single spans (simply supported, fixed or cantilever) and multi-span reinforced concrete beams and slabs.

Spans can be supported with simple supports, columns below or above, and cantilever ends. Sections that can be defined are rectangular; T, L or I shaped, as well as inverted T and L-sections. Spans can have constant or tapered sections.

The program can analyse sub-frames (including columns) and automates pattern loading of dead and live loads. At ultimate limit state, moments and shears can be redistributed to a user-specified percentage. Both short-term (elastic) and long-term deflections are calculated. The long-term deflection calculations take concrete cracking, shrinkage and creep, into account. For beams and one-way spanning slabs, you can manipulate long-term deflections by editing the steel reinforcement.

CONTINUOUS BEAM / SLAB DESIGNDesign reinforced concrete beams or slabs

Key features:

• Automated pattern loading.• Post-processing from Frame Analysis and Sumo.• Generate complete Bending Schedules.

Continuous Beam and Slab design can save you a lot of time by conveniently using it on its own or as a post-processor for frame analyses in Prokon’s Sumo and Frame Analysis.

Using the Design Links function in these modules, you can transfer beams complete with their geometry, moment and shear force envelopes to the CB module for detailed design and reinforcement detailing.

After the analysis, you can generate complete bending schedules (main bars and shear reinforcement) for beams and slabs. A 3D view helps you position the bars accurately and identify any possible conflicts. The program automatically adjusts the reinforcement detailing rules according to the mode selected, e.g. beam or column strip of a flat slab. Using the rebar editor, it is easy to modify the main and

shear reinforcement diagrams display theentered reinforcement together with the required amounts at ULS and minimum amounts required by the design code. You can open the generated bending schedules in Padds or Autopadds for final editing (if needed) and printing.

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Key features:

• Automatic pattern loading and moment redistribution.• Complex cross-sections.• Quantities and schedules.

PRE-STRESSED BEAM / SLAB DESIGN Design and detail continuous beam and slab systems

Most types of continuous prestressed beam and slab systems, encountered in typical building projects, can be designed with Prokon’s Captain Module (Computer Aided Post Tensioning Analysis Instrument). The workings of the Captain module are similar to that of the Continuous Beam/ Slab Design module, but it adds additional design features such as both bonded systems, e.g. bridge decks, as well as unbounded systems, e.g. flat slabs. It also automatically applies pattern loading to entered dead and live loads. At ultimate limit state, moments and shears are redistributed to a specified percentage.

Cross-sections can include a mixture rectangular, I, T and L-sections. More complex sections, e.g. box bridge decks, can be modelled with the aid of the section properties calculation module, Prosec. Spans can also have constant or tapered sections. The program allows you to specify the characteristics of the prestressing tendons/cables, and use parabolic or harped shaped profiles. It includes a function for automatic generation of tendon profiles that are based on balancing a specified percentage of dead load. You can also place of additional (conventional) steel reinforcement to contain cracking, control long-term deflection, and increase flexural or shear capacity at ULS. The program can also perform punching shear design checks for slabs and include the ability to use column heads (drop panels).

Different to Continuous Beam/Slab Design, Captain can calculate estimates for quantities tendon profile schedules can be generated for use with Padds. Schedules can be edited and printed using Padds or Autopadds.

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Key features:

• Variety of edge supports.• Enter multiple load cases.• Automated reinforcement.

The Rectangular Slab Panel Design module designs rectangular reinforced concrete flat slab panels with a variety of edge supports to choose from, e.g. free, simply supported or continuous. The program is suitable for designing slab panels with approximately rectangular layouts; use Space Frame Analysis to design slabs with irregular panel layouts and openings.

You can enter multiple load cases comprising point loads, line loads and UDLs, and combine these with ULS load factors.Bending stresses and elastic deflection is calculated through a finite element analysis. When calculating the design bending moments, the program transforms the bending and torsional moments using the Wood and Armer equations.The program calculates steel reinforcement using normal code formulae. An automated reinforcement detailing allows you to edit the reinforcement and generate a bending schedule that you can edit and print using Prokon’s Padds or Autopadds modules.

Rectangular Column Design, Circular Column Design and General Column Design

The Prokon suite includes three concrete column design modules: one for rectangular columns, another for circular columns, and a third for designing columns with any general shape. For rectangular and circular columns, you can enter the geometry and design loads manually, or automate data entry by linking from the analysis results in Frame Analysis or Sumo. The three concrete design modules design reinforced concrete columns subjected to axial force and bi axial bending.

RECTANGULAR SLAB PANEL DESIGN Design rectangular reinforced concrete slab panels

CONCRETE COLUMN DESIGN Design of rectangular, circular & general shaped concrete columns

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Key features:

• Generation of bending schedules.• Custom Sections with general column design.• Evaluate column capacity for entered bars.

The concrete column design modules are suitable for the design of the following column types:

• Rectangular and Circular Column Designo Design and detailing of solid rectangular and circular columns. Columns can be short or slender in

one or both directions, and different fixity conditions at the bottom and top. You can enter multiple load cases comprising axial load and moments about one or both axes at the bottom or top of the column. The program compiles column design charts and provides complete design calculation sheets.

o Generating reinforcement bending schedules is easy; the program provides full control over the main bars and the stirrups. You can open the bending schedules in Padds or Autopadds for final editing (if needed) and printing.

• General Column Designo Design and detailing of concrete columns with any general shape. Data entry is similar to the

Rectangular Column Design program, for entering the column geometry: you enter the column outline and any openings, as well as the position and size (if known) of each longitudinal reinforcement bar.

o General Column designs columns that do not necessarily fall inside the scope of the code requirements. The program therefore reverts to basic principles, e.g. strain compatibility and equilibrium, to analyse columns. This is achieved using an automated finite difference analysis.During the design, you have the option of evaluating the column capacity for the reinforcement bars as entered, or to calculate the minimum bar size required to resist the design loads. You can generate a reinforcement-bending schedule that you can edit and print with Padds or Autopadds.

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CONCRETE RETAINING WALL DESIGN Analyse & design concrete retaining walls

The Retaining Wall Design module is used to analyse concrete retaining walls for normal soil and surcharge loads or seismic load conditions. The program has the ability to design most conventional retaining walls, including cantilever, simply supported and propped cantilever walls.The program offers a host of input parameters allowing you to enter complex geometries like backward or forward sloping walls and toes, as well as walls that have a varying thickness with their height. Line loads, point loads and distributed loads can be placed on the backfill.

Key features:

• Analyse different load conditions.• Enter walls with complex geometries.• Different analysis theories.

The program allows you to choose between the Rankine and Coulomb theories, and can also incorporate seepage in the analysis. A water table can be specified; it may even be taken above the soil surface to model a liquid retaining wall, if required, the soil pressure coefficients can be adjusted manually.

Retaining walls are checked for stability (overturning and sliding at both SLS and ULS) as well as strength (flexure and shear at various positions in the wall and base).

The most common use of the program is to analyse a wall with dimensions as entered. However, functions are available to optimise certain wall dimensions, e.g. the depth of the toe needed to resist sliding.

The program uses the calculated design moments in the wall and base to determine the required reinforcement. This can be taken a step further to generate a bending schedule that you can edit and print with Padds or Autopadds.

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CONCRETE BASE DESIGNDesign rectangular column bases for stability & strength

The Column Base Design module designs rectangular concrete column bases for stability and strength. The module allows you to design bases with up to two columns (or points of load application), stub columns, or no columns; each with multiple load cases.

The program designs rectangular concrete column bases subjected to vertical force and bi-axial bending moment:

• StabilityThe program also verifies the stability requirements for overturning and bearing pressure. Stability checks canbe performed at ultimate limit state or using the working force method.

• StrengthThe program designs the base at ultimate limit state for flexure and shear.

• OptimisationYou can use the program to optimise the dimensions of the base to yield the most economical design.

If the base forms part of a larger structure that you have analysed in Prokon’s Sumo and Frame Analysis, you can link the analysis results with the Concrete Base Design program; this will extract the support reactions and insert them as load cases.

The design output includes diagrams of the bearing stress distribution, safety factors for slip and overturning (at both SLS and ULS), linear shear and punching shear checks, as well as required reinforcement for flexure.

A simple-to-use reinforcement bending schedule generator creates drawings with rebar cutting lists that you can open and print with Padds or Autopadds.

Key features:

• Column layout options.• Links with Sumo and Frame Analysis.• Bending Schedule Generator.

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SECTION DESIGN FOR CRACK WIDTHSDesign reinforced concrete sections for crack width control

For beams, up to four sets of bars are calculated. Each set of bars consists of a number of bars of not more than two different diameters. The bar diameters are chosen to not differ by more than one size.

The program accounts for concrete shrinkage due to hydration by a combination of the thermal expansion coefficient and the restraint factor. The design method employed by the codes is ideally suited for non-temperate regions like Europe.

Key features:

• Multiple section types.• Evaluate early and long-term cracking.• Multiple sets of bars calculated.

The Section Design for Crack Width can be used to design reinforced concrete sections to meet specific crack requirements. Both rectangular beam and slab sections can be designed to resist the effects of axial tension, bending moment and temperature as well as the combination thereof. Temperature effects are also included to evaluate early cracking and long-term thermal cracking.

Up to four sets of bars are calculated for slab sections. Each set has a different diameter and spacing to comply with the crack width requirements. A fifth column is provided where you could enter a bar configuration of choice.

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CONCRETE SECTION DESIGN Design concrete sections for combined bending, shear & torsion

Key features:

• Easy input.• Suggested reinforcement.• Detailed calculations.

The Concrete Section Design module is a simple utility for designing concrete sections for combined bending, shear and torsion.The program accommodates rectangular and T-sections. The single input table makes it quick and easy to enter the section geometry and ultimate loading, you also have the option to specify a percentage of moment redistribution as well as to select or ignore flange in torsion calculations (torsion taken by web only).

The design output gives the detailed calculation results for the following:

• Moment, shear stress and torsional stresses in web and flange and required reinforcement for each.• Some reinforcement configurations suggested for each of moment, shear stress and torsional stresses.• Longitudinal rebar to resist combined bending and torsion in web. Bottom and top bar configurations chosen to

exceed required flexural reinforcement at that position plus half total longitudinal torsional reinforcement.

Some reinforcement configurations are also suggested in the output as guidelines. The section design output can be grouped on a Calcsheet for printing or sending to Calcpad. Various settings can be made with regards to the inclusion of design results and pictures.

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PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN Design reinforced concrete flat slabs for punching shear

Key features:

• Specify column layouts.• Detailed design calculations.• Suggested reinforcement configurations.

The Punching Shear Design module designs reinforced concrete flat slabs for punching shear (two-way shear action). You can design slabs at internal, edge and corner columns by specifying the distance from the support to the slab edge; the program automatically determines the shear perimeters.The program adjusts the effective shear force and/or shear capacity for the column moment and slab edge distance as dictated by the relevant design code. You can also enter the amount of longitudinal reinforcement (that affects the shear capacity) in the two main directions, crossing each perimeter.

The design output gives the critical load case with corresponding amounts of punching shear reinforcement needed for each perimeter, as well as suggested reinforcement configurations. The program also gives the detailed calculations with the section of the code.

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Prokon Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd. +27 12 346 2231 | info@prokon.com | www.prokon.com10 Guild House, 239 Bronkhorst Street, Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa

Prokon Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd. +27 12 346 2231 | info@prokon.com | www.prokon.com10 Guild House, 239 Bronkhorst Street, Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa

www.prokon.co.za

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