Conceptual Metaphors and Metonymies
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Transcript of Conceptual Metaphors and Metonymies
Conceptual Metaphors and
Metonymies
Week 7-8
Metaphor and Metonymy Examples
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long as lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Is it for fear to wet a widow’s eyeThat thou consum’st thyself in single life?
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed.
Lo, in the orient when the gracious lightLifts up his burning head, each under eyeDoth homage to his new-appearing sightServing with looks his sacred majesty.
Mine eye and heart are at mortal warHow to divide the conquest of thy sight.
Quotes from Shakespeare
In which sentences,is eye being used literally?In which sentences,is it being used figuratively?
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long as lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Is it for fear to wet a widow’s eyeThat thou consum’st thyself in single life?
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed.
Lo, in the orient when the gracious lightLifts up his burning head, each under eyeDoth homage to his new-appearing sightServing with looks his sacred majesty.
Mine eye and heart are at mortal warHow to divide the conquest of thy sight.
Quotes from Shakespeare
the sun
the whole person
the whole person (as concerned with appearances)
metaphor
metonym
metaphor
metonym
Metaphor and Metonymy Examples
Metaphor and Metonymy
part for whole all hands on deck
whole for part We filled up the car.
container for content I’ll have a glass.
material for object a glass, an iron
producer for product We bought a Ford.
place for institution talks between Washington and Moscow
place for event Watergate changed U.S. politics.
controlled for controller The subways are on strike.
Based on relation of contiguity
nearnessneighborhood
Metaphor and Metonymy
traditional analysis (Leech, 1969)
Based on relation of similarity or comparison
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed.
tenor vehicle ground
the sun eye of heaven shape, brilliance, etc.
the thing the explaining base of being explained element comparison
Metaphor and Metonymy
Metaphor is very common in everyday speech (See table on p. 117).
Metaphors that are not readily recognized as metaphorical by the language usersare called conventionalized metaphors.
Based on relation of similarity or comparison
Metaphor and Metonymy
Metaphor is very common in everyday speech (See table on p. 117).
Can you think of similar metaphors in Japanese that are based on parts of the body?
Are these conventionalized metaphors?
Based on relation of similarity or comparison
Metaphor and Metonymy
Metaphor is very common in everyday speech (See table on p. 117).
Lakoff and Johnson argue that just because a metaphor is conventionalized, we shouldn’t assume it’s dead.
Based on relation of similarity or comparison
Metaphor and Metonymy
Cognitive Linguistics- Metaphors are not just part of language. Rather, they’re ways of thinking.
Metaphor and Metonymy
tenor vehicle ground
the sun eye of heaven shape, brilliance, etc.
the thing the explaining base of being explained element comparison
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
mapping
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
TIME is MONEY.
You’re wasting my time.
Can you give me a few minutes?
How do you spend your time?
We’re running out of time.
Is that worth your while?
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
BIRTH is a JOURNEY.LIFE is a JOURNEY.DEATH is a JOURNEY.
The baby’s on its way.The baby has arrived.When we bring children into the world, we must care for them.He went through life with a good heart.She knows where she’s going in life.His heart stopped, but they brought him back.She has departed.She has passed away.
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
Image schemas (grounded in bodily experience)
mapping
basic correlations (also tend to be universal)
cultural-dependent evaluations
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
Image schemas (grounded in bodily experience)
mapping
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
Image schemas (grounded in bodily experience)
mapping
Example: Containment
He’s in a bad mood.
She came out of her depression.
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
basic correlations (also tend to be universal)
mapping
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
basic correlations (also tend to be universal)
mapping
Example: Emotional & Physical Warmth
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
cultural-dependent evaluations
mapping
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
cultural-dependent evaluations
mapping
Example: Associations with a Fox
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.
cultural-dependent evaluations
mapping
Example: Associations with a FoxShe’s a fox.
U.S. EastAsia
good-looking & sexy seductive & mischievous
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET CONCEPT SOURCE CONCEPT
X is Y.mapping
entrenchmentand
degree of conventionalization
Metaphor and Metonymy
Provide an example of the English metaphors listed in Figure 3.5 on p. 121.
TARGET SOURCELIFE
DEATHLIFETIME
TIMEANGERLOVE
ARGUMENTIDEAS
UNDERSTANDINGCOMMUNICATION
WORLD
JOURNEYDEPARTURE
DAYMONEY
DANGEROUS ANIMALWAR
BUILDINGPLANTSSEEING
SENDINGTHEATRE
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET SOURCELIFE
DEATHLIFETIME
TIMEANGERLOVE
ARGUMENTIDEAS
UNDERSTANDINGCOMMUNICATION
WORLD
JOURNEYDEPARTURE
DAYMONEY
DANGEROUS ANIMALWAR
BUILDINGPLANTSSEEING
SENDINGTHEATRE
Which tends to bemore abstract, the target or the source?
Metaphor and Metonymy
TARGET SOURCELIFE
DEATHLIFETIME
TIMEANGERLOVE
ARGUMENTIDEAS
UNDERSTANDINGCOMMUNICATION
WORLD
JOURNEYDEPARTURE
DAYMONEY
DANGEROUS ANIMALWAR
JOURNEY, WAR, BUILDING, CONTAINER
PLANTSSEEING
SENDINGTHEATRE
pp. 122-124