CONCEPT PAPER Submitted to - Makerere...

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2010-2017

Enhancement of Research Capacity in Higher Educational Institutions in Uganda towards Poverty Alleviation and

Sustainable Development

Short title: Research & Innovations for Livelihoods (RIAL)

CONCEPT PAPER

Submitted to

The Embassy of Sweden in Uganda

December 2008

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acronyms and abbreviations………………………………………….………………….iv Background…………………………………………………………………………..……1 Country Profile………………………………………………………………………..…...1 State of Uganda’s High Education………………………………………………………2 Institutional Framework for Research in Uganda……………………………………...3 Strategic Direction of Makerere University……………………………………………..3 Situational Analysis……………………………………………………………………….4 Makerere University as a Change Agent in Uganda’s Development Agenda…………………………………………………………………….4 Achievements from previous Sida support…………………………………………….5 Training and Research Gaps……………………………………………………………8 Goal, Objectives and Expected Results of the Proposed Programme…………………………………………………………………...9 Overall Goal……………………………………………………………………………....9 Objectives and expected results………………………………………………………..9 Areas for Investment and Research Teams…………………………………………..12 Pattern and Donor Coordination………………………………………………………..14 Sustainability……………………………………………………………………………..15 Monitoring and Evaluation………………………………………………………………16 Assessment of the Programme………………………………………………………..17 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Activity Plan

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Appendix II Budget for the Anticipated Activities Appendix III Global Budget 2010 – 2017 Attachments

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AMANET African Malaria Network CP Concept Paper DSS Demographic Surveillance Site EAC East African Community EASLIS East African School of Library and Information Science EDTCP European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership FEMA Faculty of Economics and Management HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ I@mak Innovations at Makerere ICT Information and Communication Technology IDI Infectious Diseases Institute IPM Intellectual Property Management GIS Geographical Information System GDP Gross domestic product PPP Public Private Partnerships PEAP Poverty Eradication Action Plan PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper MDGs Millennium Development Goals MTEFF Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTFF Medium Term Fiscal Framework MUST Mbarara University of Science and Technology NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation NCHE National Council for Higher Education NGOs Non Governmental Organisations NDP National Development Plan NORAD Norwegian Agency for International Development R&D Research and Development SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SGS School of Graduate Studies SME Small and Medium Enterprises STI Science Technology and Innovations TB Tuberculosis UNCST Uganda National Council for Science and Technology UNHRO Uganda National Health Research Organisation USAID United Sates Agency for International Development UVRI Uganda Virus Research Institute

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1.0 Background

1.1 Country profile

Uganda occupies 241,551 sq. km of which 17.3 percent is covered by open water and swamps. Located within the Great Lakes region of Africa, Uganda shares Lake Victoria with Kenya and Tanzania, and is bordered by Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan and Rwanda. Since the early post war 1980’s, Uganda underwent a wave of economic reconstruction and political rehabilitation. Central to political and economic reforms were constitutional amendment, public service restructuring, democratization, decentralization and macro-economic stabilization. Uganda’s overall human development improved with the national Human Poverty Index (HPI) reaching 25 percent in 2005 from 36 per cent in 20031. Substantial progress has been registered towards achieving the MDGs2 especially in reducing the population living below poverty line from 38 to 31 percent between 2003 and 2007. Whereas HIV/AIDS prevalence reduced from 30 percent in1996/7 to the 6.4 percent in 2006/07, this is an apparent resurgence from 6.0 percent of 2004/05. Other key achievements include phenomenal increase in primary school enrollment currently at 84 per cent with an overall literacy rate of 15 to 24 yr old having reached 84 percent by 2005/06 from 69 percent. By 2006, more than half (67 percent) of Ugandans have access to safe drinking water. The government has also implemented gender affirmative actions although the ratio of illiterate females to males is still 0.73 percent, and HIV/AIDS is still 2.1 percent higher in women than men. Uganda’s progress on reducing child mortality and maternal health has been slow. Under-five mortality ratio and infant mortality rate remain at 137 and 76 per 1000 live births between 2005 and 2007. Both of these goals are not likely to be achieved within the designated time3. However, maternal mortality ratio in 2007 was down to 435 from 510 in 2005. Other challenges include reducing the prevalence and incidence of malaria and tuberculosis, expanding immunization coverage, improving environmental sanitation & the living standards in the slums. Uganda faces an environmental challenge of reversing loss of biodiversity resources due to degradation. For example, household consumption of fire wood and charcoal in Uganda increased by 81 percent to Ug shs. 32.7 billion in 2005/06 from Ug shs 18.1 billions in 1996/97. Although agriculture is the main stay of Uganda’s economy, with over 70 per cent of the population engaged in agriculture, agriculture sector growth and performance has continued to decline from 7.9 per cent in 2000/01 to 0.7 percent in 2007/20084. Agriculture (crop and livestock) production and productivity at household level likewise declined with the share of Agriculture to total GDP reducing from 25 percent in 2004/05 to 21 percent in 2007 while the Services sector increased from 45 to 49 percent5. The

1 UNDP, Human Development Report Uganda 2007/08 , 2 MDGs, Uganda Progress report (UNDP), 2007 3 MDG , Uganda’s Progress report 2007

4 MAAIF , GoU report 2007

5 Adapted from ‘Growth Paper , Benin et al., 2007. Agricultural Growth and Investment Options for Poverty

Reduction in Uganda UBOS abstract 2008

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food security situation is aggravated by issues of land degradation, poor land use technologies, climate change, increasing vector/pest challenges, access to markets and the recent economic crisis that has led to skyrocketing food prices. Despite the impressive economic growth, Uganda still ranks high among the world’s poorest countries. With a population of 29.1 million people6, a population growth of 3.2 percent per annum ranking as the 7th fastest growing population, Uganda may see her gains in human development eroded if not accompanied by a corresponding GDP growth and increase in social services investment. It is, however, hoped that recent discovery of petroleum resources may improve her GDP with potential positive impact on human development. Since 1997, Uganda had pursued poverty eradication through implementation of the ‘Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), a national policy development framework that was subsequently supported by a medium–term planning tool, which expired in June 2008.The successor guiding policy framework, National Development Plan (NDP) focuses on the theme ‘growth, employment and prosperity for all’. In the National Development Plan, the entry point for education, research and technology development is entrenched in the development objectives of enhancing the quality and availability of gainful employment and developing efficient, innovative and internationally competitive industries. These will target among other things, developing human skills relevant to the needs of the country, aligning educational curriculum to developmental needs, while deepening the role of science and technology in support of research and development in industry. In recognition of the centrality of information and technology, the country is heading towards developing a knowledge economy. Other key focus areas in the NDP are; the emerging roles of Public –Private Partnerships (PPP), and regional partnership development which will take into consideration the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the East African Community (EAC). 1.2 The State of Higher Education in Uganda Higher education sub sector in Uganda has been de-regulated leading to an increase in the number of private sector providers. By 2007, the number of universities was 27 of which 5 are public universities. Enrolment in tertiary institutions has been on the increase with a modest enrolment in science and technology7. There has been a moderate increment of academic staff in tertiary institutions and by 2006 the total number of academic staff in higher education institutions was 6,465 of which 771 were PhD holders (11.5 percent)8. At Makerere University, out of 1301 academic staff, 42 percent (550) have PhDs while 44 percent (570) have Masters degrees. This indicates a large pool of academic staff who still

6 Launched November 12th 2008 by the Uganda Population Secretariat

7 Tertiary enrollment between 2005 to 2006 grew by 9.4% i.e. from 124,313 to 137,190 in 2006 with science and technology recording in

creasing by 5% from 28,852 in 2005 to 37,739 in 2006; 8 The State of Higher Education Report, 2007

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need training at Ph.D and Masters levels. This demand for training is higher in other public universities, a justification for capacity building of human resource for upcoming public and private universities. Higher education in Uganda is financed by the government, the private sector and donor agencies. Government funding to public universities is not adequate to meet their educational needs. Government emphasis has been largely on undergraduate training with limited support to graduate training and research. Consequently, there is a shortage of teaching and/or deterioration of research facilities. In order to bridge this funding gap, universities in Uganda need to strengthen their partnerships with government, other institutions of higher learning, research institutions and development partners to raise sufficient funds to support training and research.

1.3 Institutional Framework for Research in Uganda The research systems in Uganda include institutions mandated to: formulate policies, coordinate research, regulate, and /or implement policies as well as those that carry out research and training. These include: Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNSCT), National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), Uganda National Health Research Organization (UNHRO), Universities, Uganda Industrial Research Institute (UIRI). They are also mandated to plan and manage research activities as well as the dissemination of research results. Funding for research is still low in Uganda standing at 0.4percent of GDP. This has increased from 0.25% in 2002/3 but is still far below 1% as agreed by African Governments. The AU/NEPAD recognizes the importance of research in national development and is committed to strengthening and enhancing research training and development of higher education9. The most appropriate mode of delivering support for research and building research capacity would be through competitive grants funding schemes e.g. the Millennium Science Initiative (Background study, 2008). Makerere University has made progress in putting together a peer review group based on the model of International Foundation for Science (IFS), with funding from NORAD and Carnegie corporation of New York, and is now in a better position to handle competitive grants. 1.4 The Strategic direction of Makerere University Makerere University Strategy 2008/09-2018/19 was formulated to reposition her to address emerging development challenges arising from globalisation, evolving national socio-economic developments, information and communication technology, and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and overarching national government policies such as Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), the draft National Development Plan (NDP), Strategic Plan for Higher Education 2004-2015, decentralization and affirmative action.

9 10

th Africa Partnership Forum (APF), Tokyo, Japan, 2008

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Powered by the motivational energy to reposition over the next 10 years, the University has re defined her overarching enterprise strategy in terms of vision, mission and strategic foci:

i. Makerere University aspires to be the leading institution for academic excellence and innovations in Africa and it will be engaged in providing innovative teaching, learning, research and services responsive to National and Global needs. Makerere University will pursue her business guided by values that place premium on allegiance to the institution, integrity, customer responsiveness, professionalism and openness to diversity.

ii. In terms of strategic foci, the University is to be steered in the direction of a learner-centered problem-based instruction, a research driven university where research and teaching/learning are mutually re-enforcing and knowledge transfer partnerships and networking between the University on one hand, the public and private sectors on the other.

The University plans to increase the number of students from the current figure of 30,000 to 38,000 (30,400 undergraduate and 7600 graduate students) by 2018. At the recommended staff:student ratio of 1:15, the university will need to train 720 academic staff to PhDs and 720 to Masters degree in order to meet the required establishment of 2530 academic staff.

In the area of research and innovations, the university has identified three objectives namely: - to provide a robust supportive environment for a research driven university, to increase the capacity for knowledge transformation and innovations and to improve research dissemination. The strategic plan is set to have a transformative impact on the entire spectrum of the University core (teaching, research, knowledge transfer, partnerships and networking) and support delivery systems. The University’s research strategy is therefore emphatic on building capacity for knowledge production and dissemination and, promoting innovations. 2.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 2.1 Makerere University as a change agent in Uganda’s development agenda Established in 1922, Makerere is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in Africa and produces the bulk of Uganda’s human resource for both the public and private sectors. Currently, Makerere University accounts for 80% of the national annual graduate output and is poised to remain the main university for graduate training and research within the Great Lakes Region. Notable innovations have resulted from research conducted at the University. A few examples include: production of sanitary pads from local materials, anti-stripping technology for road construction, production of mosaic virus-resistant cassava and

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disease resistant soya bean varieties, use of kaolin in paper production, clinical trials for confirmation of use of nevirapine, a drug for prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. With the approval of the Intellectual Property Management Policy, some of the innovations will be commercialized. Various research endeavours have contributed to policy formulation at different levels including: The Energy Policy for Uganda; The policy on use of energy-saving bulbs; land amendment bill; various policies in health, such as policies on HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB treatment and control, National Gender Policy; policies on peace and conflict management and good governance and, National Compensation Policy for Avian Influenza.

Over time, Makerere University has made tremendous contribution to community development. A few examples are: The demographic surveillance site at Iganga/Mayuge provides data on health and population issues and, is being used for clinical trials in TB and Malaria vaccine trials in addition to hosting studies on saving new-born lives; The Uganda Gatsby Trust based in the Faculty of Technology transfers technology to SMEs and provides microfinance services assisting businesses to grow The Innovations Systems and Clusters Programme in the Faculty of Technology that links the University directly to Government and the Private Sector, and supports the small and medium enterprises to become more competitive locally and globally. In order to strengthen linkages with the private sector, the University has established the Private Sector Forum. These and other innovations underscore Makerere University’s leadership role as a change agent. 2.2 Achievements from previous Sida Support Makerere research capacity building programme supported by Sida started in 2000 with a preparatory period and was followed by two phases of support, 2001-2005, and 2005-2009. A number of faculties and departments in the University were supported: namely, Faculties of Agriculture, Technology, Medicine, Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Mass Communication, School of Graduate studies (SGS), Gender Mainstreaming, Directorate of Information and Communication Technology and the Library. The support took the following forms: PhD and Masters training (tuition and research costs), support to supervisors to link with their counterparts in Sweden, conference attendance by PhD students and supervisors, faculty research funds, Independent university wide research fund managed by the SGS, establishment of Demographic surveillance site (DSS) in Iganga and Mayuge districts, Geographical Information System (GIS) lab, Support to Cross Cutting Biomedical Laboratory, ICT Infrastructure development and Library resources and Services

Training programs Currently there are 24 PhD and 142 Masters programmes in the areas of science and humanities. The current graduate student population is about 5000 (430 PhDs and 4570 Masters) which is approx 15 percent of the overall student population at Makerere, with

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the largest number in the humanities. The university has plans to increase the number of postgraduate students to 20 percent by the end of 2018. One hundred and fifty eight PhD students were registered on the Sida supported research capacity building programme. By October 2008, 45 students had completed and a number were in advanced stages of their programmes. This together with other staff development initiatives in the university increased the total number of staff with PhDs from 220 in 2002 to 550 in 2008. By the end of 2018, the university plans to have 1270 staff members with Ph.Ds. This will consolidate Makerere’s leading position as provider of higher education across the whole country.

To improve PhD training a number of cross cutting courses have been developed and run, and they include: Philosophy of method, Advanced Gender qualitative and quantitative methods, Genes and Genomes, Qualitative and Quantitative research methods, Statistics and Computer Applications in Research, Scholarly Writing and Communication Skills and Information Competence and Management. A number of quality assurance measures have been put in place including public PhD defences, supervisors not being part of the examination committee, establishment of doctoral committees, flexibility in publishing dissertations and theses in form of papers.

Infrastructure The university registered major improvements in the areas of ICT and library resources. The following are the highlights: 100 percent coverage of fibre back borne compared to 5 percent in 2000, 900 computers in supported faculties, and 10 student computer labs. Online Public Access Catalogue now functional, more than 14,000 journals on line giving countrywide access to the most recent literature, wireless access within student residences. The Biomedical and GIS laboratories were established in the Faculties of Medicine and Technology respectively equipped with modern facilities. These facilities are now accessible to other units mainly faculties of science, veterinary medicine, environment and natural resources, forestry, agriculture and medicine.This infrastructure has improved efficiency and effectiveness of teaching, learning, research and communication. Gender mainstreaming Makerere University has mainstreamed gender in all her core and support functions. Commitment to gender mainstreaming by the university is reflected in gender responsive environment, such as approval of the Policy and Regulation on Sexual Harassment. A draft gender policy is in place and efforts are underway to engender the Human resource manual and University curricula. Support is being given to female staff to build their capacity for leadership. Consequently, Makerere University is now recognised as a pace setter in gender mainstreaming by universities in sub Saharan Africa. Research Culture Research throughout the whole university has improved. There is clear evidence of more teams/groups of researchers getting together to write proposals to compete for

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research grants. In 2007 and 2008, out of the 27 grants awarded by Millennium Science Initiative, 16 were won by Makerere University led teams. Two of the studies that won the MSI grants namely, Studies on Human Papiloma Virus Vaccination and Development and Use of Pozzolanic materials were funded by Sida. Faculties/Units are now engaged in building partnerships and writing proposals soliciting for funding from various sources such as the programme on Innovative clusters funded by Rockefeller, single wire electrification programme by GTZ, renewable energy funded by NORAD, and a regional program in urbanism by NORAD. In Faculty of Medicine, Biology of Malaria parasites is supported by EU and involves five African countries and 20 European Institutions. Development of capacity for conducting malaria vaccine trials supported by AMANET and EDCTP, Studies on Improving new-born lives supported by Save the Children Fund and Bill Melinda Gates, and Research in Burkitt’s Lymphoma causing viruses (in collaboration with UVRI and Karolinska Institutet). As a result of the research boost, between 2002 and 2008, over 230 papers have been published in peer reviewed journals and 175 published in conference proceedings. Seventeen books have been published with the majority in the fields of health, technology and agriculture. Overall the publication culture of the university has improved significantly over the last eight years. Despite these achievements in research and publications, there is limited dissemination and uptake of the information and technologies to inform policy which will be addressed by development of the Makerere Research Communication Strategy. Research management and coordination The research programme supported by Sida is administered at the SGS, and the overall policy guideline is provided by the Steering Committee chaired by the Vice Chancellor and an alternate chair, and the Boards of Graduate Studies and of Research and Publications. There are coordinators at faculties who work with programme coordinators and researchers. A set of standard operating procedures have been developed and operationalised to streamline the management of the programme. The SGS spearheaded the development of a number of databases to provide information related to research activities, and to increase the visibility of the university. These include the following:

Human resource research capacity This system provides information on profile of researchers in Makerere University and Uganda at large regarding their areas of specialization and research competencies. This will create a pool of scientists from which peer reviewers can be drawn to handle competitive research grants.

Students record information system This database will help track students progress as well as work load of supervisors. The system also captures abstracts from students’ theses/dissertations. This is envisaged to

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reduce plagiarism and also ensure timely response/interventions by the Graduate School.

Research Management and Coordination System (RMACS) RMACS provides information on the profiles of academic staff regarding scholarly outputs.

Research Africa Database The university has subscribed to Research Africa, a database that provides current funding opportunities for research. There will be need to build capacity to maintain and update these databases. To further improve the research environment, the University council approved the Research and Innovations Policy and the Intellectual Property Management Policy. The main goal of the Research and Innovations Policy is to strengthen research capacity and output, and increase the contribution of Makerere to the world of knowledge and innovation. The policy provides for a 15 percent overhead to cover administrative costs and a contribution to the maintenance of university infrastructure. It also obligates staff to commit 20 percent of their time to research. 3.0 Training and Research Gaps The University has registered remarkable improvement in the area of research training. Despite this, in Makerere University there are about 570 Assistant lecturers who need Ph.D taining and 230 who need Masters level training. In the four other public universities, 440 have Masters degrees and 214 have Bachelors degrees indicating a high demand for both PhD and Masters training. This is in line with the recommendations of the Science and Innovations Conference10 to enhance the human resource capacity for research by increasing the number of doctorate holders and postdoctoral researchers if research is to make a significant contribution to economic development. The university therefore proposes to focus on the following areas;

i) Postgraduate training At Makerere University, 570 academic staff need Ph.D taining and 230 need Masters training, and the demand is even greater in other public universities. The University intends to increase the postgraduate student population to about 7600 by the year 2018. This will require continued training and equipping the academic staff to manage the expansion in graduate programmes. The upcoming public universities need to be supported to enhance the capacity of their academic staff to introduce and manage new graduate programmes.

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Conference on Science, Technology & Innovations, Sept 17-19, 2008

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ii) Postdoctoral research With increased number of doctoral holders, there is need to deepen the research skills and competence which also provides motivation and retention through promotion as an avenue for entrenching the research culture.

iii) Research management and coordination

In spite of increasing volume of research activities, and improvement in research management and coordination, there is still need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of research management and coordination including financial management, procurement, and project planning and management. In addition, ethical conduct of research, as well as research supervision need to be strengthened,.

iv) Support to the environment for research Through investment in ICT and library resources, laboratory and field sites, tremendous infrastructure in support of research has been developed. However, there are still gaps in access to these resources and need to develop basic infrastructure in other public universities and further enhance that existing at Makerere University.

4.0 The Goal, Objectives and Expected results of the proposed programme 4.1 Overall goal The overall goal of the programme is to enhance capacity of public higher education institutions to conduct and sustain strategic and quality research that will contribute to the development needs of Uganda and beyond. This goal will be met by focusing on training to Masters and doctorate levels, as well as postdoctoral research. This is in line with Makerere University Strategic Plan 2008-2018, Makerere Research and innovations Policy 2008, National Research Priorities and the National Development Plan. 4.2 Objectives and expected results 4.2.1 To Strengthen Makerere’s research capacity through new and existing –

multi-disciplinary research teams in science, technology and innovations Makerere University promotes training at PhD level to strengthen human research capacity to generate knowledge for economic development. This will be achieved through multi-disciplinary rather than single discipline approach to research in a bid to address diverse and complex societal problems. Calls for research proposals on identified thematic areas will be made in two rounds during this program taking into consideration gender issues. Expected results:

Technologies and innovations proven to contribute towards improved livelihoods

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Increased retention and motivation of academic staff attributed to ongoing research opportunities

Makerere University contribution to national development objectives increased

Quality of supervision improved

Multidisciplinary research teams formed and carrying out research 4.2.2 To promote basic11 and applied research to generate, and utilize new knowledge that contributes toward policy development and improvement of peoples livelihoods Most research carried out in Uganda has been donor driven and applied in nature. Basic research has received little attention in terms of donor and institutional funding., Basic research may contribute to economic growth in the long run. While this proposal targets both basic and applied research, emphasis will be on basic research. Expected results:

Makerere conducting research that is relevant to national development needs and research outputs contributing to policy development, National development goals and MDGs

Innovations and Technologies packaged, disseminated, patented and or adopted

Increased number of well trained Masters and Ph.D graduates in basic research 4.2.3 To increase the number of PhDs and Masters degree holders in four other

public Universities A number of public universities have been established in the country over the last two decades. Capacity to teach and carry out research and outreach in these new institutions is limited. Makerere University has over the years built capacity in graduate training and research, and is in position to develop human resource needs in other public universities in the country. Expected results are: Expected results:

Increased number of well trained Masters and Ph.D graduates

Pedagogic and andragogic capacity of staff improved

Research management improved

Research networks established and functioning

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Research that is directed towards a more complete knowledge and understanding of particular subject without

regard to practical applications

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4.2.4 To develop and implement strategies for deepening local and international partnerships including national research systems to attract and manage research grants, undertake joint academic and research programs, supervision, mentorship and publications Makerere recognizes the significance of developing collaborations and partnerships with local and international organizations/institutions to foster capacity in research and graduate training. Although a number of partnerships exist, there is need to develop new and strengthen existing ones by deepening the degree of interaction. Expected results

Joint research related activities with local and international institutions enhanced

Quality of research and joint publications improved

Quality of supervision of upcoming researchers and PhDs improved

Partnerships developed

4.2.5 To provide specialized ICT, library, field and laboratory facilities for centres of excellence earmarked to spearhead research, innovation and technology development Makerere University has registered significant improvement in ICT and library resources to support research. The University envisions becoming the hub for ICT and Library resources acting as a gateway and a host for various services to the rest of universities and research institutions in Uganda. To date, three centers of excellence12 in research have emerged over the last 10 years. However, there are still challenges of access and adequacy of such facilities for the ever growing number of graduate students and researchers. Makerere University will continue to increase access to these facilities for researchers within and without the country. Expected results

Existing centers of excellence improved and new ones established

Research environment improved

Networks and communications established, improved and functional 4.2.6 To strengthen capacity for program administration, research management and coordination at the School of graduate studies and other units at Makerere University. The SGS has over the years improved capacity to manage and coordinate research, and graduate training in the university. However, given the increasing volume of research and research training, there is need to enhance this capacity at the SGS and other units.

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Biomedical Lab, Center for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation (CREEC), Iganga/Mayuge DSS

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Expected results

Efficiency and effectiveness of Research Management systems improved

Mechanisms for ensuring quality research in place

Quality of research and PhD/Masters training improved 5.0 Areas for investment and research themes The country profile, the situation analysis, the state of higher education in Uganda, the role of Makerere University as a change agent, University strategic plan, Research and Innovations Policy, National Science and Technology Policy, findings of the Background study, National Plan of Action, and views from various university units and stakeholders provide the basis for the priority areas for investment in the next eight years. These are broadly categorized into two namely, support to the environment for conducting research and dissemination of the findings (A) and support to research in the broad themes (B). A. Support to improve the human resource and the environment for conducting

research, and disseminating the findings

Human resource development (training at Masters, Ph.D, Postdoctoral level, Independent research (joint research projects, mentoring and supporting young scientists, skills enhancement)and guest lecturers

Infrastructure and facilities (ICT, library, labs, field sites)

Research management and coordination through national, regional and international research networks (Joint courses e.g. ethics in research; research policy development in partnering institutions; administrative reforms)

Strategies for dissemination of research findings and adoption (through private/public partnerships, dissemination conferences, journals, development of a research communication policy)

B. Support to research in the following themes The research themes being proposed are based on the need to enhance Ugandas HEIs’ capacity to contribute to national development, to Uganda’s meeting the regional and international commitments including the Millennium Development Goals, to enhance local, regional and international collaboration and networking and to improve the capacity of young researchers through a mentoring process. They also take into account the recommendations arising out of various consultations13.

13 Stakeholders conference held in Kampala, 17-19

th September 2008; Self Assessment Exercise by Makerere, 27-

31st

July 2008; the Background Study conducted by the UNCST; Makerere Strategic Plan (2008-2018); Research Guide (Supporting the Eradication of Poverty in Uganda, 2004) and the Makerere Research and Innovations Policy, 2008.

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Research in Health, indigenous knowledge and health systems Infant mortality /survival, Maternal health, Reproductive health, Fertility and population growth, Neglected and emerging diseases, Infectious and non- infectious diseases, health systems research, Indigenous knowledge etc

Environment and Natural Resources Management Sustainable utilization and conservation, Environmental pollution and degradation, environmental health, energy, water, climate change etc

Agricultural production and productivity (crop and livestock), Nutrition, Food Security and Value Addition

Technology and Basic sciences Nanotechnology, Mineral exploitation, Material sciences, biological sciences etc

Governance, Human rights and Economic Management Democratization, conflict management, disaster management, private sector development, culture and indigenous knowledge, Gender and development , Policy

Cross Cutting Issues

Gender

Quality Assurance

ICT

Biotechnology Requested support from Sida 2010-2013 In the next four years (2010-2013), Makerere University is seeking support to implement the following activities (see budget for anticipated activities – Sub-section 11.0):

Training 60 academic staff at Makerere University and other public universities to Masters degree level

Supporting 30 on-going PhD students to complete their studies by the year 2011

Training 100 PhDs (60 from Makerere and 40 from other public Universities)

Supporting thematic research by providing for purchase of equipment, consumables, travel, field allowances, subsistence and guest lecturers

Supporting competitive research grants, cross-cutting courses, field site (DSS)

Supporting regional collaborations and networks

Supporting Dissemination strategies/Conferences, Publications

Providing for an overhead of 15%

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6.0 Partner and Donor Coordination 6.1 Uganda academic partners The proposed programme offers an opportunity for public universities to build partnerships for the purpose of promoting mutual learning, strengthen collaboration through research sharing, joint publications and to yield national and international visibility by excellence in research on national, regional and global issues. The partnership will also strengthen Makerere University’s research agenda and position her as a research led University, with increased focus on post graduate training. The partnership will also strengthen Makerere University’s current role of training academic staff of emerging Universities in Uganda.

It is envisaged that the collaboration will take the form of post graduate training of staff of the partner Universities and joint research on issues on the identified thematic areas. Intensive discussions and study visits to the Universities shall be done before drafting the proposal and signing of Memorandums of Understanding. Details on collaboration shall be defined in the proposal. The possible local partners that Makerere University intends to collaborate with are as follows, but not limited to: a) National Council of Science and Technology b) Kyambogo University c) Busitema University d) Mbarara University of Science and Technology d) Gulu University.

6.2.1 Foreign partners and donor coordintion Over the years, Makerere University has had the opportunity to partner with various donors in the areas of training and research. Most of the assistance has been directed at research and research training, infrastructure, ICT and library services. Key among the development partners have been the following:

a) Sida, b) Carnegie Corporation of New York, c) The Government of Norway, d) USAID e) Rockefeller f) Pfizer Inc. and g) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The relationship built with the following partner Universities in Sweden shall be strengthened including establishment of new ones:

a) Karolinska Institutet, b) Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, c) Uppsala University d) Goteborg University, e) Lund University, f) Orebro University and g) Sveringes Lantbruks Universitet h) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) h) Blikenge Institute of Technology, and new partnerships will be developed.

Special emphasis shall be placed on strengthening supervision and research training, efficient coordination, better communication and information flow, close follow up and mutual accountability on what is agreed upon in annual planning and review meetings.

Different university units and researchers receive funds from various donors and Makerere has realized the need for efficient donor coordination. In order to reduce aid fragmentation, duplication, and to lessen the aid-related transaction costs that fall on the University, a grants office will be set up in the department of planning and development (PDD) as a one stop centre with all the information on the development partners that

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support Makerere University. The University has also developed a common reporting format and framework that will be discussed with all development partners for a more effective accountability at a stakeholders conference in March 2009. 7.0 Sustainability

The viability and sustainability of the programme will be hinged on several preconditions in the academic , financial and institutional domains or spheres. Academic Dimension On the academic front, the following preconditions are envisaged : Firstly, the building of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research teams and

mentoring of upcoming researchers in research proposal and research grants writing

are envisioned to further strengthen the research capacity of the University by

deepening the research culture at the University. The positive research culture arising

from the program will continue to be leveraged by the University to continue engaging in

research and publication of research findings long after the life of this program has

come to an end.

Secondly, draft guidelines for supervision at PhD and Masters level training are going to

be reviewed and updated. The supervision guidelines developed under the auspices of

this program will continue to provide reference for graduate training supervision even

when the proposed Sida support has wound up.

Thirdly, The University has a staff development policy and program that it is obligated to

execute. The staff development policy, interlia, envisions training of staffs in the science

and technology fields at both PhD and Masters levels. The University draws on both

budgetary and extra budgetary resources in operationalizing the staff development

policy. This will continue even after the proposed cycle of Sida support has expired.

In advancing high quality scholarship and knowledge production through the Sida – supported programme, ethical aspects shall be considered in all projects. This is to ensure that the proposed researches do not endanger the safety, dignity nor violate the privacy/confidentiality of the subjects engaged in the conduct of research.

Financial Dimension

Regarding financial sustainability, the University will continue to upgrade her capacity

for financial resource mobilization. To this end, the University has put in place a number

of measures which include setting up the Resource Mobilization Unit to mobilize funds

for capital development from different donor agencies and the alumni, enactment of the

investment policy under whose regime the University will generate income from its

myriad assets, and the establishment of the private sector forum to ensure relevance

and financial sustainability.

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The University has also succeeded in lobbying Government to allow it charge tuition

based on unit cost as evidenced by the provisions of the Government White Paper on

Higher Education, and recommendation from the Visitation Committee Report 2007,

which among other things, give public universities latitude to determine tuition based on

the unit cost with approval of Government. This is a significant departure from the

current state of affairs where there is an executive fiat preventing Makerere University

from reviewing her tuition rates based on the unit cost.

The entire range of above measures will, in their wake, lead to an increased size of the

University’s financial resource envelope, which the University will draw upon to continue

backstopping the program activities that will have been started and rolled on with the

financial support from Sida.

Institutional Dimension

Makerere University is the oldest University in the country but also among the oldest in

Africa. The University is a public institution whose governance, administration and

financing are entrenched in the umbrella law namely the Universities and Other Tertiary

Institutions Act 2001 under which all public universities are governed. Being the oldest

the University in the country, Makerere boasts of unrivalled physical and academic

infrastructure not only in the country but, in certain respects, East Africa.

The University’s long history of existence of over 85 years coupled with being a public

institution envisaged to exist in perpetuity and sound academic and physical

infrastructure guarantee its institutional sustainability.

Exit Strategy

The proposed areas of support are based on a 4 year time frame. Some of the

proposed areas of support may continue beyond the 4 year time frame envisaged in the

programme. This particularly relates to those areas of support that may have a knock on

effect on other areas especially cross cutting areas.

At the stage of proposal development, proposal sponsors will be required to flag issues

of sustainability in their respective proposals and to clearly articulate exit strategies after

4 years. For example , research teams that will bond well and excel in research and

earn reputation could end up attracting grant support from other development partners

and may thus be weaned from the Sida support basket.

8.0 Monitoring and Evaluation Makerere University takes cognizance of monitoring and evaluation as an important ingredient of results oriented management. Monitoring provides continuous record of the implementation status of programme/project activities, absorption of inputs, outputs

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and outcomes. Evaluation on the other hand not only provides value judgment about the results of the programme/projects but also in-depth analyses of issues that are beyond the scope of monitoring. In order to ensure that this program unfolds according to design specifications and reporting meets the requirements of the principal stakeholders and quality assurance, a comprehensive internal monitoring and evaluation framework will be developed. The nature of monitoring and evaluation will depend upon the lifecycle of the program. For example, at the upstream stage, an initial evaluation will be undertaken, the purpose of which will be to develop a shared understanding of the goals and objectives between the program agents and the monitoring and evaluation team based in the Planning and Development Department. Later, the program will be subjected to process evaluation on periodic basis to ensure that implementation rolls according to the agreed programme cycle. Besides monitoring and evaluation at program level, projects constituting this program will also be subjected to self assessments by both project agents and beneficiaries. The program will also be subjected to external evaluation during the mid course and at the end of 4 years to determine whether the program results envisaged at the conception stage were realized and document lessons learnt to inform implementation of the subsequent phase of Sida support. Quality Assurance The university has established a quality assurance directorate to ensure that quality assurance is mainstreamed in all university activities and programs. An overarching quality assurance policy has been developed. This program will, therefore, be subjected to quality assurance protocols/guidelines and best practices as prescribed by the policy. 9.0 Assessment of the Programme

9.1 Internal Assessment This concept paper was prepared through a participatory process involving the following stages. Meeting between University Management, deans and directors with the Research Advisor was held on the 4th November 2008. The university community was informed of the decision by Sida for possible continued research support to Makerere for the period 2010-2013. Following this meeting, the Vice Chancellor appointed a committee headed by the Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Academic affairs to identify priority areas for research investment. In coming up with these areas, a number of documents including the draft National Development Plan, PEAP 2004, Makerere Strategic Plan (2001-2007; 2008/2018), Status of higher education in Uganda Report 2007, Draft National Science and Technology Policy, Stakeholders conference, 17-19th September 2008, Background study compiled by the UNCST, Draft UNCST Policy were consulted. The

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identified areas were circulated to the entire university community and the Vice Chancellors of other public universities for their comments. A team chaired by the Director of School of Graduate Studies was constituted to draft the concept paper (CP). The draft CP was circulated to all university units through the deans and directors and also the Vice Chancellors of other public universities. Their comments were received, discussed and incorporated. The concept paper was then discussed with the University Management, deans and directors and final comments incorporated into the CP. Thereafter the University Management approved the CP.

9.2 External Assessment This concept will be circulated to the Ugandan Assessment Committee and some development partners in Uganda. Their comments will be used to enrich the final version of the CP.

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APPENDICES 10.0 Activity Plan Overal Goal: To enhance capacity of public higher education institutions to conduct and sustain strategic and quality research that will contribute to the development needs of Uganda and beyond Objective 1: Strengthen Makerere’s research capacity through new and existing multi-disciplinary research teams in science, technology and innovations

Expected Results Activities 2010 2011 2012 2013 Indicators for success Risks

Risk Mitigation measures

Assumptions

-Technologies and innovations proven to contribute towards improved livelihoods -Increased retention and motivation of academic staff attributed to ongoing research opportunities

-Makerere University contribution to national development objectives increased

-Quality of supervision improved -Multidisciplinary research teams formed and carrying out research

1.1 Developing & reviewing selection criteria

Existence of selection criteria with corresponding scoring points & specific time lines

-Bias in design & implementation -Gender disparity amongst applicants

-Independent team to develop criteria and implement. -Review the criteria. -Use gender sensitive approaches in criteria and selection

-Political stability -Stable energy supply -Affordable band width -Global economic stability -Favorable research and training policies both Internal and external

1.2 Advertising

scholarship

opportunities &

Research grants

Number of applications submitted from participating universities.

-Limited access to information on scholarships and research opportunities. -Inadequate number of applications -Gender disparity amongst applicants

Wide publicity using different media -Provide adequate time between of call and submissions. -Repeated adverts -Use gender sensitive approaches in advertising.

2

1.3 Selecting

scholarship and

research grant

beneficiaries

-Getting the right mix by discipline and gender

-adherence to the selection criteria

1.4 Training and

conducting

research

Number of courses conducted and attendants Number of PhD trained Publications in peer refereed journals. Rate of completion Number of research teams established

-Drop outs of students -Lack of team work -Delays in completing PhD programmes

-Provide support, guidance, counseling -Train in team building -Provide regular feedback and close monitoring

1.5 Training of

personnel

(capacity built)

and undertaking research

Number of courses conducted and attendants Number of PhD trained Publications in peer refereed journals. Rate of completion Number of research teams established

-Drop outs of students -Lack of team work -Delays in completing PhD programmes

-Provide support, guidance, counseling -Train in team building -Provide regular feedback and close monitoring

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Objective 2: To promote basic and applied research to generate, and utilize new knowledge that contributes toward policy

development and improvement of peoples livelihoods

Expected Results

Activities

2010

2011

2012

2013

Indicators for success

Risks


Assumptions

-Makerere conducting research that is relevant to national development needs and research outputs contributing to policy development, National development goals and MDGs

-Innovations and Technologies packaged, disseminated, patented and or adopted -Increased number of well trained Masters and Ph.D graduates in basic research

2.1 Develop selection criteria for PhD and Masters Degrees.

Selection criteria available with corresponding scoring points & specific time lines




2.2 Advertising for scholarship / research grants




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2.3 Procuring equipment

Timely procurement of required equipment

-Delayed procurement - procurement of counterfeit equipment -Demurrages and damages

-Procurement plans submitted in time -Insurance of key equipment -Close follow-up

2.4 Conducting workshops

Number of workshops conducted and attendants

Under subscription

Advertise widely

2.5 Develop MoUs with local partner Universities

Number of MoU signed and implemented

Conflicts Bureaucracy

Put in place Mechanisms on conflict resolution

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Objective 3: To increase the number of PhDs and Masters degree holders in four other public Universities

Expected Results

Activities

2010

2011

2012

2013


Risks


Assumptions

-Increased number of well trained Masters and Ph.D graduates -Pedagogic and andragogic capacity of staff improved -Research management improved Research networks established and functioning

3.1 Develop selection criteria for PhD and Masters Degrees

Selection criteria available with corresponding scoring points & specific time lines




3.2 Advertise for scholarship / research grants




6

3.3 Training in Proposal writing

Number trained and writing proposals for research grants

Some trainees not writing proposals or winning grants

Encouragement to continue writing and not give up

3.4 Establish and strengthen Ethical Review Committees in Makerere

- Established committees - SOPs in place - Accreditation by UNSCT - Number of Projects

Reviewed

Ethical committees not active

Monitor the committee activities through reports

3.5 Peer review of proposals to address quality

Number of proposals reviewed and approved

Delays in proposal reviews

Close follow-up of the reviewers

3.6 Develop MoUs with local partner Universities

Number of MoU signed and implemented

- Conflicts - Bureaucracy

Put in place Mechanisms on conflict resolution

3.7 Training of PhDs and Masters students

- PhD and Masters Dissertations/reports/theses

- Publications in peer

reviewed journals - Timely completion

-Drop-outs -Delays in completing graduate studies/programme

-Training in cross-cutting courses. -Enhance supervision of students

3.8 Conducting of cross cutting courses

- Number of participants (both men and women)

- Gender perspectives in

research

- Low level participation of both men and women

Use various modes of invitation of participants

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3.9 Building networks among public universities

- MoUs signed and adhered to.

- Existence of joint activities .

Failure to adhere to the provisions of MoU

-Clearly defined roles and responsibilities -Mechanisms for harmonization, reconciliation and team building

8

Objective 4: To develop and implement strategies for deepening local and international partnerships including national research systems to attract and manage research grants, undertake joint academic and research programs, supervision, mentorship and publications

Expected Results

Activities

2010

2011

2012

2013


Risks


Assumptions

-Joint research related activities with local and international institutions enhanced -Quality of research and joint publications improved

-Quality of supervision of upcoming researchers and PhDs improved -Partnerships developed

4.1 Undertaking visits to bench mark best practices in research management and coordination

- Existence of institutional standards that match international standards.

- Efficient coordination

through feedbacks - Number of innovations

and best practices adapted

-Differences in systems and levels of development may deter the adherence

-Maintaining quality assurance protocols -Review and adapt best practices

-Political stability -Stable energy supply -Affordable band width -Global economic stability -Favorable research and training policies both Internal and external -Continued interest by other institutions to work with Makerere University

4.2 Developing new and review existing MoUs for partnerships

Number of MoU signed

Unwillingness to collaborate

Negotiations, lobbying and advocacy

4.3 Organizing meetings on a rotational basis to identify areas of collaborations, develop work plans and operationalize networks

Number of meetings held in collaborating Institutions. Number of Work plans developed and implemented

-Differences in almanac -Differences in institutional cultures -Differences in level of development

-Provide detailed information in advance on collaborating institutions -Review and adapt best practices

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4.4 Identifying guest researchers, writing joint grants applications and undertaking joint research programs

- Number of Guest researchers

- Number of research

projects initiated and joint grants won

- Number of PhDs jointly

supervised

4.5 Developing a data base of research activities and researchers’ competencies

- A comprehensive databases in place.

- Usage of databases for

planning, management and information

-Database not regularly updated

-Recruitment of responsible staff in charge of database -Continuous sensitization and follow up

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Objective 5.0 To provide specialized ICT, library, field and laboratory facilities for centres of excellence earmarked to spearhead research, innovation and technology development

Expected Results

Activities

2010

2011

2012

2013


Risks


Assumptions

-Existing centers of excellence improved and new ones established -Research environment improved -Networks and communications established, improved and functional

5.1 Procuring Equipment and relevant software

-Number of relevant equipment and software purchased -Timely procurement of Required equipment

-Delayed procurement -Counterfeit equipment -Demurrages and damages -Exchange rates fluctuation

-Procurement plans submitted in time -Insurance of key equipment -Close follow-up - Budget appropriately


5.2 Maintaining equipment

Functioning Equipment

-Lack of standardization -Substandard maintenance -Lack of local competences -Rapid advances in technology -Damages and loss of parts of equipment

-Linkages with manufacturers -Train technicians -Close supervision -Timely maintenance -Stock-taking and engraving

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5.3 Developing Standard operating procedures

SOPs in place and in use

Lack of adherence to SOP

Close supervision Regular audits Regular revision of SOPs

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Objective 6.0 To strengthen the capacity for research management and coordination, and program administration at the

School of graduate studies and other units at Makerere University

Expected Results

Activities

2010

2011

2012

2013


Risks


Assumptions

-Efficiency and effectiveness of Research Management systems improved

-Mechanisms for ensuring quality research in place

-Quality of research and PhD/Masters training improved

6.1 Developing new and conducting skills enhancement courses in research management

-Number of training courses conducted -Number of persons who attended trainings

-Lack of transfer of knowledge gained

Close follow up on compliance Supervision and feedbacks

-Political stability -Stable energy supply -Affordable band width -Global economic stability -Favorable research and training policies both Internal and external -The university enhances human resource capacity at SGS

6.2 Developing and implementing research communication and dissemination strategy

Research Communication strategy in place Disseminations meetings/ workshops held

Low level of compliance to the set standards and criteria

Train and lobby

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6.3 Sensitizing researchers and program administrators about research management standard operating procedures

- Effective use of SOP - Number of attendees - Number of training

workshops on research management

-Lack of transfer of knowledge gained

-Close follow up on compliance -Supervision and feedbacks Continuous training -Distribute relevant information to stakeholders

6.4 Sensitizing partner universities about their roles in graduate training, research management and coordination and develop mechanisms to ensure compliance

-Effective use of guidelines -Number of sensitization workshops

Low level of compliance to set standards

-Continuous Training and lobbying -Distribute relevant information to stakeholders

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Requested Budget support from Sida for anticipated activities in 2010-2013 Budget in USA Dollars Quantity Unit

Cost Period

in years 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sub-Total

1.0 Graduate Training

Masters 1.1 Masters

(Tuition,Subsistence,Research) 30per two

years 9,000 1 270000 450000 270000 450000 1440000

1.2 PhD Training 0 1.3 Ongoing PhD 30 20000 1 600000 600000 0 0 1200000

1.4 Fresh PhD (Tuition, 60 20000 1 1200000 1200000 1200000 1200000 4800000 1.5 Fresh PhD (Other Public Universities) 40 26000 1 1040000 1040000 1040000 1040000 4160000

Subtotal 160

2.0 Thematic Research (including Post Docs)

2.1 Equipment 700000 1200000 1000000 990000 3890000 2.2 Consumables 500000 1000000 1100000 700000 3300000

2.5 Travel 350000 710000 750000 500000 2310000

2.6 Field Allowance 220000 540000 540000 300000 1600000 2.7 Subsistence 230000 450000 450000 350000 1480000

2.8 Guest Lecturers 150000 150000 150000 150000 600000 Subtotal

3.0 Research Management

3.1 Independent Competitive Research Grants

5 30000 150000 150000 150000 150000 600000

3.1 Cross cutting courses 150000 150000 150000 150000 600000 3.2 Field Sites(DSS) 120000 120000 120000 120000 480000

3.3 Laboratories 150000 200000 200000 150000 700000 3.4 Regional Collaborations & Networks

3.5 Dissémination(Conferences, Communication Strategies, publications)

150,000 150000 150000 150000 600000

5980000 8110000 7270000 6400000 27760000 3.6. General overhead (15%) 897000 1216500 1090500 960000 4164000

Grant Total 6877000 9326500 8360500 7360000 31924000

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Budget Justification 1. Training. The concept seeks to train 30 Masters students largely from Other Public Universities. It is estimated that each Masters

programme will cost $9000 per year per student (Tuition fees USD 2000/student per year, Research costs up to USD 6000 in the second year, subsistence allowance USD 400 per month per student). Masters programme takes two years.

2. The concept also proposes to train 100 Ph.Ds (60 from Makerere and 40 from other institutions) This is in addition to providing for about 30 Ph.d Student from Phase II to complete their studies in 2010 and 2011. Tuition and functional fees USD 8000 per student per year, subsistence allowance for students from other universities at USD 500 per month, Research costs, up to USD 20,000 per student per year

3. The cost for thematic research, including postdocs has been budgeted for using the figures for the previous phase and allowing small fluctuation for changes in inflation and costs of living and travel.

4. It is proposed to introduce a competitive research grant scheme. 5 research teams will be supported in the first two years and another 5 in the last two years. The level of funding is proposed to be USD 30,000 per team per year giving each team a total of USD 60.000 over two years.

5. Regional networks and partnerships will need to be established and strengthened. A provision of USD 50,000 per year is proposed to cover this item.

6. It is proposed to spend about USD 150,000 on dissemination involving a number of conferences, development of research communication strategy and publications.

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9.0 Global Budget showing anticipated university expenditure and request from sida in first four years (2010-2013)

Global Budget for Makerere University Research Programme 2010-2017

Major Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total Grand total

Masters degrees 2 2.1 2.2 2.2 8.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 9.6 18.1

Ph.Ds 9 9.2 9.2 8.5 35.9 9 9.2 9.2 8.5 35.9 71.8

Postdocs 3 3 3 2.5 11.5 3 3 3 2.5 11.5 23

Subtotal

Thematic Research

Equipment 1.5 3 3 2 9.5 1.5 3 3 2 9.5 19

Consumables 0.5 1 1 0.9 3.4 0.5 1 1 0.9 3.4 6.8

Travel 0.6 0.8 1 1 3.4 0.6 0.8 1 1 3.4 6.8

Field allowance 1.4 1.8 2 1.8 7 1.4 1.8 2 1.8 7 14

Subsistence grants 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 8 16

Subtotal 0

0

Research Management and Quality Control 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 8 16

Dissemination 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 8

Total 23 25.9 26.4 23.9 99.2 23.4 26.2 26.6 24.1 100.3 199.5

Un-foreseen (5% of total) 1.15 1.295 1.32 1.195 4.96 1.17 1.31 1.33 1.205 5.015 9.975

GRAND TOTAL 24.15 27.195 27.72 25.095 104.16 24.57 27.51 27.93 25.305 105.315 209.475

CONTRIBUTIONS. UGANDA AND OTHER DONORS 17.28 17.865 19.36 17.735 72.24

SIDA'S CONTRIBUTION 6.87 9.33 8.36 7.36 31.92

CONCEPT PAPER Submitted to - Makerere...

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