CONCEPT ON UPANAHA SWEDA- A REVIEW ARTICLE
Transcript of CONCEPT ON UPANAHA SWEDA- A REVIEW ARTICLE
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
381
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
CONCEPT ON UPANAHA SWEDA- A REVIEW ARTICLE
1*
Dr. Shwetha M. S. and 2Dr. Veena G. Rao
1PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, JSS Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital,
Mysore, Karnataka.
2Professor, Department of Panchakarma, JSS Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital,
Mysore, Karnataka.
ABSTRACT
Sweda means sweat & therapy in which the perspiration produced is
known as Swedana. It can be done as Poorvakarma, Pradhana Karma
and Paschat Karma. Acharya Charaka included Swedana Karma under
Shadvidopakrama. It is an independent therapeutic measures for the
management of many diseases particularly those of Vata and Kapha
Dosha origin. Upanaha is one among the types of Swedana Karma as
explained by many Acharyas.
Upanaha is a mode of fomentation given by applying warm herbal
paste over the affected part of the body followed by bandaging. It is an
ideal topical treatment and well known ayurvedic topical application to
get evolved and adapt with changing time and easy practice, without changing its efficacy.
Pradeha, Sankara/Pinda sweda, Bandhana are three varieties of Upanaha. It helps in reducing
Vatadosha, Sheetha(coldness), Shoola (pain), Sthambha (stiffness), Gowravata (heaviness). It
induces sweating and brings Doshavilayana. Sweda helps in Gatravinamana (increase the
flexibility). Hence the present article is an attempt to review the concept of Upanaha sweda
which are mentioned in our classics.
KEYWORDS: Upanaha, Topical application, Bandaging.
INDRODUCTION
Therapy in which the perspiration (sweda) is produced is known as Swedana. Swedana can
be a Poorvakarma, Pradhana Karma and Paschat Karma. Acharya Charaka included Swedana
Karma under Shadvidopakrama. It is an independent therapeutic measures for the
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
SJIF Impact Factor 7.632
Volume 8, Issue 10, 381-394 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357
Article Received on
25 July 2019,
Revised on 15 August 2019,
Accepted on 05 Sept. 2019,
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps201910-14769
*Corresponding Author
Dr. Shwetha M. S.
PG Scholar, Department of
Panchakarma, JSS Ayurveda
Medical College and
Hospital, Mysore,
Karnataka.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
382
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
management of many diseases particularly those of Vata and Kapha Doshas.[1]
Upanaha is
one among the types of Swedana Karma as explained by many Acharyas. It is a local
treatment where in combination of Churnas are made into paste using Sneha dravya (Ghrita,
Taila), Kinva (fermented liquid), made warm and applied over affected site.[2]
This is to
reduce the local inflammation at the site and also acts as topical analgesic by the action of
drugs absorbed through dermis. Topical agents in the form of creams, ointments, gels,
lotions, solutions, pastes and sprays are widely used in practice since ages due to their instant
action.
ETYMOLOGY[3]
To tie, to cover or to wrap.
उप – is a prefix to noun/verb and denotes near by/ together.
नह – is a verb and denotes to bind/ to tie.
Upanaha means - To tie or to cover or to wrap.
The word ‘Upanaha’ is split as upa+nah, in which upa is upasarga (prefix) which means near,
nah bandhane means to tie or bind.[4]
DEFINITION [5]
The application of paste in the form of Kalka is Upanaha, is also called as Pralepa.
Upanaha is a mode of fomentation in the form of application of medicinal drugs.
Upanaha is a mode of fomentation in the form of application of medicinal drugs made
using Vachadi dravyas, Vatahara dravyas etc.
TYPES OF UPANAHA
Based on Agni;
1. Saagni.
2. Niragni.
Based on Guna of Dravya;
1. Snigdha.
2. Rooksha.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
383
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Based on the site of fomentation is of two types;
1. Ekanga
2. Sarvanga
Three perspectives of Upanaha is perceived by Sushruta in different contexts, viz[6]
1. Saptopakrama - for the purpose of converting Amashopha into Pakvashopha.
2. Shashtiupakrama - Amashopha gets regressed with Upanaha and Kinchit Pakva Shopha
will become Pakva depending on the condition.
3. A type of Swedana – which is sub-classified into two - Saagni Upanaha Niragni Upanaha.
Upanaha Sweda can be performed in 3 ways
1. Bandhana.
2. Pinda.
3. Pradeha.
Bandhana[7]
In this variety Vatahara drugs along with Amla Dravya (Kanji), Saindava Lavana, Sneha
Dravyas should be made hot, applied over the affected part and tied.
Acharya Charaka mentioned the use of Charma Patta for tying which is of Ushna Virya.
In absence of the above Kausheya (silk) or Avika Sataka(woolen blanket) and Vatahara
Patras are mentioned for purpose of tying.
Sushruta, Vaghbatta, Kashyapa, Bhavaprakasha have mentioned about Bandhana method
of Upanaha Sveda.
Pinda[8]
Drugs are made into bolus form or Krushara, Payasa, Utkarika, Veshavara are prepared
and made into a bolus form.
This is made into a Pinda and sudation is performed.
It can be used as Sarvanga or Ekanga Sweda. Sankara variety of Sweda mentioned by
Charaka will also come under this category.
Dalhana says that Sankara Sweda is also Upanaha Sweda.
Pradeha[9]
Vatahara drugs mixed with Amla Dravya, Lavana and Sneha Dravya should be made hot
and applied in the form of a thick paste (Pradeha) over the body without Bandhana.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
384
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
In case of drugs possessing Ushna Virya, Upanaha is performed without heating.
Bhavaprakasha also mentioned to apply in the form of Pradeha and Pralepa.
Indu also opines that Upanaha Sweda should be done by repeated application of Pradeha/
Pralepa to the body. Swedana has to be performed repeatedly. That means the drugs
applied for Upanaha when gets cooled should be removed and again fresh Lepa should be
applied.
ACTION OF UPANAHA SWEDA ON DOSHAS
Acharya Dosha Drugs
Charaka [10]
Kevala Vata
Pittanugata Vata
Kapahanugata
Vata
Godhuma, Yava with Sneha and Kinva
Sugandhi Dravya like Chandana, Agaru, Patra etc. added
with Surakitta, Shatapushpa and Jeevanthi
Kushta, Taila, Atasi
Sushruta [11]
Kevala Vata
Pittanugata Vata
Kaphanugata
Vata
Vatahara Dravyas made paste with Kanji and Lavana,
Krishara Payasa, Utkarika, Veshavara and Salvana
Upanaha. Kakolyadi, Eladi and Surasadi Gana Dravyas
Tila, Atasi, Sarshapa Kalka
Laghu
Vagbhata [12]
Kevala Vata
Pittanugata Vata
Kaphanugata
Vata
Vacha, Kinva, Shatahva, Devadaru, Dhanyas, Gandha
Dravyas, Mamsa, Sneha Dravya, Lavana, Takra, Ksheera.
Padmakadi Gana Dravya Surasadi Gana Dravya
Drugs used for Upanaha
KAKOLYADI GANA[13]
ELADI GANA [14]
SURASADI GANA[15]
Kakoli,Kshirakoli, Jivaka,
Rishabaka, Mudgaparni,
Mashaparni, Medha,
Mahamedha, Chinnaruha,
Karkatashrungi,
Tunghakshrini, Padmaka,
Prapoundarika, Rudhi,
Vrudhi, Mrudvika,
Jivanti, Madhuka
Ela, Tagara, Kusta, Mamsi,
Dhyamaka, Twak, Patra,
Nagapushpa, Priyangu,
Harenuka,Vyaghranakha, Sukthi,
Chandana, Sthouneyaka,
Shrivestaka, Cocha, Choraka,
Valuka, Guggulu, Sarjarasa,
Turushka, Kundaruka, Agaru,
Sprukka, Ushira, Bhadradaru,
Kumkuma,Punnagakesara
Surasa, Sweta surasa,
Phaninjaka, Ajraka,
Bhutruna, Sugandahaka,
Sumukha, Kalamalika,
Kuteruka, Kasamarda,
Kshvaka, Khara pushpa,
Vidanga, Katphala,
Surasi, Nirgundi,
Mundika, Undurukarnika,
Bharangi, Kakamachi,
Vishamusti
JIVANIYA GANA [16]
VIRATARVADI GANA [17]
Jivaka, Rushbhaka,
Medha, Mahameda,
Kakoli, Kshirakakoli,
Shweta bala, Peeta bala,
Jeevanti. Madhuyasti
Virataru, Nila Sahachara, Rakta
Sahachara, Dharbha, Vrukshadani,
Gunda, Nala, Kusha, Kasha, Ashma
BHedha, Agnimantha, Morata, Vasuka,
Apamarga, Shyonaka, Kurantika,
Indivara, Kapothavanka, Gokshura
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
385
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATION[18 19]
Vata Vyadhi like Janusandhigata Vata, Pakshagata, Twak, Mamsa, Asruk, Sira, Sandhi
and Asthigatavata.
Akshi Rogas like Alaji, Pooyalasa, Abhishyanda and Arbuda.
Guda Rogas like Arshas, Bhagandara.
Other conditions like Vrana, Vidradi, Granti, Vataja Mutrakruchra, Shleepada,
Kukshishoola, Visarpa (Granti Visarpa), Visha.
Sushruta opinies that Upanaha Sweda is specially indicated in case of Sankuchayamana
(Contractures), Rujarta, Stabda Gatrata.[20]
Indu mentioned Agni Samskara Rahita Upanaha i.e Upanaha prepared without heating to
be done in case of vata associated with Pitta.
CONTRAINDICATION: Pittavarana condition
PREPARATION OF UPANAHA SWEDA[21]
Drugs
Vata Shamaka Dravyas, Kapha Shamaka Dravyas, Gandha Dravya, Amla Dravya,
Saindava Lavana, Sneha Dravya, Godhuma Choorna, Yava Choorna, Masha Choorna,
Karisha of cow, donkey etc. are selected according to the disease and condition of the
patient.
A fine paste is prepared by grinding or crushing the fresh leaves all together into a Kalka
form by mixing little amount of hot water, Veshavara, Sneha, etc., as the case may be.
After cleaning the affected part apply the warm kalka, either heated or otherwise, a
Vatahara Patra viz, Eranda or Arka is placed over the paste and bandaging is done with a
cotton cloth and secured firmly.
The bandage should neither be loose nor very tight. Classical texts mention the use of
Charma of animals which are of Ushna Veerya for bandhana.
If it is applied in the morning, kept undisturbed till the evening. If it is applied in the
evening should leave overnight. Later bandage should be removed and area washed.
Classification of Upanaha Sweda Dravya
Over all assessment of drugs recommended for Upanaha Sweda by Acharyas, gives a hint to
classify them broadly into 3 groups:
Food materials – like Godhuma, Yava, Masha and their preparations like Payasa,
Krushara and also Ksheera, Dadhi, Amla Pishta, Veshavara are all included in the group
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
386
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
of food materials. Mostly these are Snigdha in action and therefore used in Sagni
Upanaha. Heat retention is comparatively for more duration.
Plant source – various herbs and different parts of the plant are also used and selection of
plants depends on the disease and Dosha involved, Vatahara Patras are used.
Excreta – dungs of donkey, horse, cow are told to be used. These organic substances are
good heat retainers, therefore their utility in Swedana is more.
METHODOLOGY OF LEPA APPLICATION
Sushruta and Sharangadhara are of opinion that Lepa should be applied in opposite
direction of hair follicles. Lepa applied in this direction facilitates easy absorption of the
drug through the Romakupa and stays for long duration. By this method the Veerya of
Lepa easily enters the Romakupa and gets absorbed through dermis to exhibit derived
action.[22]
While bandaging specific bandhana like Sthanika bandhana to hand, Swasthika bandha to
knee, elbow, Wrist, ankle should be followed.
Continuous heat and oleation
Continuous heating with mild heat of the affected part as in arthritis is the need of therapy
that is achieved by Upanaha, which makes continuous drainage of inflammatory
mediators.
If theory of absorption of Sneha through skin in deeper tissues is accepted then Snigdha
Upanaha is the best mode to provide continuous oleation which is enhanced by dilation of
channels by heat.
Veerya of the Upanaha drugs still facilitates the absorption of drugs and Sneha through
the skin.
Thickness of lepa
Sharangadhara[23]
Sushruta[24]
Chakrapani[25]
Doshagna Lepa-1/4 Angula
Vishagna Lepa-1/3 Angula
Varnya Lepa -1/2 Angula
Pradeha-thickest form of
Lepa Alepa- Medium
thickness Pralepa- Thinnest
form of Lepa
Pradeha- equal to the thickness of
Ardra Mahisha Charma Alepa-
thinner than that of Buffalo’s
skin
Sushruta also opines that the thickness of Lepa application on the skin should be equal to the
thickness of a buffalo's skin (Ardra Mahisha Charma).
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
387
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Duration
Charaka & Vagbhata Kashyapa Indu
Lepa applied in the night
should be removed next
day morning and that
applied in day should be
removed at night.
Applied lepa to be removed
when it becomes cool and
should be applied again. Sweda
will occur after many such
applications.
Lepa should be changed twice a
day or it should be applied
repeatedly with due
consideration regarding Desha,
Kala and Dosha.
METHOD
It comes in the Bhedas of Sweda, also comes under Bhedas of Lepas. Application of thick or
thin generally Vatakapha Shamana with Vatashamaka property. Bandhana is mentioned in
specified duration (dharana kala) 12 hours, but can be changed according to the condition of
the disease, patient and season. Saagni and Niragni types of Upanaha mentioned. Powder
form of drugs are made into a paste by adding warm water, applied over affected part and
covered or bandaged with Charmapatta or Vatahara patra.
Precautions
The once used Lepa should not be used again.
Similarly an unused, prepared Lepa kept for long time should be discarded.
Fresh paste should be applied after removing previous medicinal paste.
If these instructions are not followed then it may cause burning sensation in area of
application or disease may progress further because of inaction of Lepa due to decrease in
potency.
The bandage should not be too tight or too low.
The Upanaha dravya must be a suitable consistency, so that it should not fall off from its
position.
It should not be applied to wounds.
Check the sensitivity of the skin before the procedure.
Classically mentioned choornas which are commonly used has Upanaha Sweda in
clinical practice
Kolakulattadi churna upanaha.
Jatamayadi churna upanaha.
Nagaradi churna upanaha.
Grihadhoomadi churna upanaha.
Kottamchukadi churna upanaha.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
388
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Marmagulika lepa upanaha.
Rasnadi churna upanaha.
Doshagna upanaha.
Dashanga lepa upanaha.
Arka patra upanaha.
Dattura patra upanaha.
Salvana upanaha.
Nirgundi patra upanaha.
GRIHADHOOMADI CHOORNA UPANAHA[26]
(Ast.hr chi 22/35)
INGREDIENTS INDICATIONS METHOD OF
APPLICATION
Grihadhooma
Vacha
Kusta
Shatavha
Haridra
Daru haridra
Vata rakta
Choora along
with water
applied to
affected part and
covered with
khora cloth.
DASANGA LEPA [27]
INGREDIENTS INDICATION METHOD OF
APPLICATION
Shirisha Yashtimadhu Nata
Chandana Ela Jatamamsi
Haridra Daruharidra Kusta
Hrivera
Jwara, Shotha,
Visarpa, Kusta
Dashanga lepa mixed
with Ghrita and applied
over 15-20 mins.
SALVANA UPANAHA SWEDA[28]
(su.chi 4/14,15)
Sushrutacharya mentioned the drugs used to make paste according to Dosha predominance-
In Pittanubandha Vata – Kakolyadi Gana Dravya, Vatahara Dravya, Amla Dravya,
Ghrita, Mamsa, Lavana.
In Kapanubandha Vata- Surasadigana Dravyas, Vatahara Dravyas, Amla Dravyas,
Chaturvida Sneha, Mamsa, Lavana.
In Kevala Vata- Vesavara, Vatahara Dravya,Amla Dravya, Chaturvidha Snha, Mamsa,
Lavana.
Indications: Atyanta Ruja, Gatra Sankocha, Stabda Gatrata.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
389
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Procedure: A paste is made by mixing choornas of drugs like Kakolyadi gana dravya,
Vathara dravya, Amla dravya, Anupa Audaka mamsa, Sneha and Excess of lavana. The paste
is made warm by heating and pasted over silk cloth ans is then bandaged to the affected parts.
NIRGUNDI PATRA UPANAHA
Take Nirgundi Patras and crushed or grind and make a bolus form and applied over the
affected part, bandaged with a piece of cloth.
Indications- Janusandhigata vata.
Some of the Upanahas which have been studied are
Jatamayadi Upanaha sweda in Janusandhigata Vata[29]
Ingredients: Jatamamasi, Chandana, Tagara, Kusta, Kunduruksha,Sarala, Ashwagandha.
Rasna- 20 gms each.
Godhuma - 40gms.
Murchita tila taila - 20ml.
Saindhava lavana - 20gms.
Above said ingredients were mixed with suffient quantity of Kanji, paste was prepared.
Procedure: Warm paste applied over affected joints, then coveredwith Eranda patra and it
firmly bandage with cloth.
Godhumadi Upanaha Sweda in Niramaja Katigraha[30]
Ingredients- Godhuma churna - 50-75gms.
Tila kalka – 30 - 45gms.
Erandamoola churna – 100 - 125gms.
Saindhava lavana - 30 - 45gms.
Goksheera - 200 - 300ml.
Tila taila – 40 - 60ml.
Preparation: Take Godhuma powder add 100ml of Goksheera to it and mix it well, then add
Erandamula churna to it again add 100ml of Goksheera to it and mix it well, then add Tila
kalka, Saindhava lavana and Tila taila.
Procedure: Prepared paste is applied over the affected part that is low back uniformly of
about 5mm thickness, cover it with Eranda patra and tied with cotton cloth.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
390
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Salvana Upanha in Pakshagata[31]
Ingredients: Arjuna, Guduchi, Bilwa,Krishna, Kullatta, Pashanabheda, Atasi, Kantakari,
Gokshura, Jeeraka,Ashwagandha, Shatapushpa,Eranda, Masha, Devadadru, Rasna, Bala,
Sarshapa- taken in equal quantity, powdered and added with water, Saindhava lavana, Tila
taila and Ghrita boil the entire mass till it becomes a thick paste.
Apply the paste to the whole body and covered with cotton cloth.
DISCUSSION
Upanaha is the mode of treatment used to suppurate/regress an inflammatory swelling.
Madhura, amla, lavana, snigdha, ushna upanahas are beneficial in kevala vata vyadhis[32]
like Khalli, Ruksha, ushna, gomutrayukta upanaha are useful in Vata kaphaja vyadhis and
ama conditions like Amavata. Salvana upanaha in Pakshagata[33]
, Ashwagandha with
Katu taila lepa in Manyasthambha. Agaradhuma with lavana taila upanaha in
Suptivata.[34]
The action of the Upanaha depends on the materials used for the application, temperature
of the paste, duration of retaining on the skin surface and thickness of the paste applied.
Skin being the largest organ in human body, offers advantages compared to other routes
of administration.
Is the action of Upanaha similar to that of a topical agent or can it prove to be a
transdermal drug delivery system is a matter that needs to be studied further.
The sour or fermented materials used in the Upanaha application help to permeate the
active principles from one layer to another.
Upanaha is advantageous in conditions with chronic pain like trauma, arthritis etc.
The drugs by virtue of their Guna and Prabhava act on patients of different Prakruti,
Vikruti, Desha, Kala, Vaya etc.
Godhuma, Masha, Yava like food articles are used for Upanaha Sweda. These may be
used as single ingredient or different food preparations made out of this. Eg Krushara,
Payasa, Utkarika etc.
Apart from these, Ksheera, Dadhi, Takra, Sauvera are also used, These have either
Vatahara or Kaphahara property.The solid materials are used as base drugs apart from
their nature of Vatahara property.
The sour nature of liquids enable the permeation of the active principles for absorption
through the skin.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
391
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Godhuma, Yava, Masha, Ksheera, Takra, Sauveeera are all madhura/amla in nature.
Madhura and amla rasa are known Vatahara.
Oil act as heat barrier. Simultaneously it acts as a good facilitator for absorption of drugs.
Indu mentioned that the drugs can be used individually or in combination depending upon
condition of disease.
Some of the practically used Upanahas by using different choornas are Jatmayadi
choorna, Nagaradi choorna, Marmagulika etc.
CONCLUSION
Upanaha is of Mrudu to Madhyama variety of Shamana Sweda.
It can be done Saagni, Niraagni and with or without bandaging.
It acts as add on treatment for Pradhana chikitsa in relieving the symptoms as it is easy to
adopt with optimum benefits.
It can be mainly done as Shamaneya sweda chikitsa.
It can be given to Bala, vruddha, Ksheena person who needs swedana but cannot
withstand the Mahan Sweda.
Snigdha ushna upanahas are indicated in Nirupashambha vata vyadhis.
Ruksha ushna upanahas are indicated in Kapha samsrusta, Kaphavrita and Saama vata
vyadhis.
REFERENCES
1. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter, 14,
shloka, 3; 87-738.
2. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter, 14;
89-738.
3. Radhikaanantadev Raja Syara, Shabdakalpadruma,Pratama Khanda, Naga publishers,
Vol, 1;-256-315.
4. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition, 2010; 824.
5. Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Astanga Hrudaya with Sarvanga Sundara anad
Ayurveda rasayana commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit, Samsthan, Edition,
2012.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
392
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
6. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2010; 824.
7. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter 14,
shloka, 35-37; 89-738.
8. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter, 14,
shloka, 25; 89-738.
9. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition, Chapter 18, shloka no
2010; 6(85): 824.
10. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Chikitsa sthana, Chapter,
28, shloka, 37; 89-738.
11. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition, 2010.
12. Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Astanga Hrudaya with Sarvanga Sundara anad
Ayurveda rasayana commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit, Samsthan, Edition,
2012.
13. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2010, Chapter 38, Sutra
sthana, shloka, 2010; 35(167): 824.
14. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition Sutra sthana, Chapter no
38, Shloka, 2012; 25(166): 824.
15. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2012, Sutra sthana,
Chapter no 38, Shloka, 2012; 18(165): 824.
16. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter 4,
shloka, 1: 32-738.
17. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2012, Sutra sthana,
Chapter no 38,Shloka, 12; 165-824.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
393
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
18. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition, Chikitsa sthana, 2012;
824
19. Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Astanga Hrudaya with Sarvanga Sundara anad
Ayurveda rasayana commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit, Samsthan, Edition
2012.
20. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter 14,
shloka, 1; 32-738.
21. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2012, Sutra sthana,
2012; 824
22. Srikanta Murthy K.R, Sarangadhara Samhita, Chowkambha orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint
Edition, Chapter 2012; 2(196): 335.
23. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2010, Chapter 18,
shloka, 6; 85-824.
24. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter, 14;
738.
25. Acharya YT; ed; Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of
Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi; ChaukambhaPrakashana, Reprint. Sutra sthana, Chapter 14,
shloka, 38; 89-738.
26. Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Astanga Hrudaya with Sarvanga Sundara anad
Ayurveda rasayana commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit, Samsthan, Edition
2012, Chapter 22, Chikitsa sthana, Sloka, 2012; 35: 956.
27. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Government of India, New Delhi, Part 1, Second
Revisied English Edition, Chapter, 11; 173-488.
28. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2010, Chapter 4,
Chikitsa sthana, shloka, 2010; 14-15: 824.
29. Bhat Divya Dev, A Clinical Study on Jatamayadi Upanaha Sweda in Janu
Sandhigatavata, Journal of Ayurveda and Hal Med, 2015; 10-18.
www.wjpps.com Vol 8, Issue 10, 2019.
394
Shwetha et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
30. Kumar Tarun, Evaluation of Effect Of Godhumadi Upanaha Sweda In Niramaja
Katigraha: An open clinical trial, International Journal Ayurveda Pharma, 2017; 139-141.
31. A.N. Ramya, A Comparitive Clinical Study on the Effect of Anuvasana Basti, Salvana
Upanaha and Nasya in the management of Pakshaghata with and without Physiotherapy,
International Journal of Applied Ayurveda Reseach, Volume, 2017; 3(3): 499-513.
32. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2012, Chikitsa
sthana,Chapter 4, Shloka, 14-15; 421-824.
33. Acharya YT; et al; Susruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha and Nyayachandrika
commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Edition 2012, Chikitsa
sthana,Chapter 4, Shloka, 12,421-824.
34. Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Astanga Hrudaya with Sarvanga Sundara anad
Ayurveda rasayana commentary. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit, Samsthan, Edition
2012, Chikitsa sthana, chapter 21, shloka 23-724.