THOUSANDS HAVE LIVED WITHOUT

LOVE ,

NOT ONE WITHOUT

W.H. AUDEN

PRESENTATION BY PARIMAL JHA

ASST PROFESSOR(civil engg)

SSIPMT RAIPUR

Students will be able to :

Explain necessity of studying hydrology.

Explain basic concepts of hydrology.

Explain various paths of hydrological cycle.

Identify the consumable resource of water.

Explain practical applications of hydrology.

HYDRO = WATER LOGY = SCIENCE

HYDROLOGY MEANS THE SCIENCE OF WATER

OCCURENCE

DISTRIBUTION

CIRCULATION

STUDY OF HYDROLOGY ON BASIS OF WATER

SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY-Ex- Every water except atmospheric and ground water

GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY(SUB SURFACE WATER)-Ex- Water in wells & underground cavity water

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

COMPONENT VOLUME1000 KM^3

% OF TOTAL WATER

ATMOSPHERIC WATER 13 0.001

SURFACE WATER•SALT WATER IN OCEANS•SALT WATER IN LAKES •FRESH WATER IN LAKES•FRESH WATER IN STREAM CHANNELS•FRESH WATER IN ICE CAPS & GLACERIES•WATER IN BIOMASS

13200001041251.252900050

97.20.0080.0090.00012.150.004

SUBSURFACE WATER• WATER ABSORBED BY SOIL•G/W WITH IN DEPTH OF 0.8 KM•G/W WITH IN DEPH OF 0.8 TO 4 KM

6742004200

0.0050.310.31

TOTAL (ROUNDED) 1360000 100

97

2 0.31 0.69OCEAN WATER ICE CAP DEEPGROUND

WATERFRESH WATER

% WATER AVAILABLE

0.69% of water = 4.374 10^6 km^3 water

The quantities of water circulation throughindividual paths in the hydrological cyclein a given system can be described bycontinuity principle also known as waterbudget equation or hydrologicequation

V1 - V0 = ∆s

Applying continuity equation to the paths of hydrological cycle involving change of state

P=Precipitation ∆S = ∆Ss + ∆Ssm + ∆Sg

R=Surface runoff ∆Ss =Change in standing volume of

water

G=Net ground water flow ∆Ssm =Change in ground water

volume of unsaturated zone

E=Evaporation ∆Sg =Change in ground water

volume of saturated zone

T=Transpiration

S=Surface water storage

P – R – G – E – T = ∆S

DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE :

The design of any structure related to water

such as

Spillway, dam, culvert, highway bridge and

railway bridge etc may be considered to consist

of three parts-

(a) Hydrologic design (b) Hydraulic design

(c) Structural design

(a)Hydrologic Design-The Hydrologic designdeals with estimation of quantities ofwater to be handled at the site of thestructure ;specifically

Water distribution

Time of occurrence

Frequency of occurrence.

Hydrologic design involved in the design of drainage and storm water facilities.

(b)Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the

best suitable shape and section of the structure

according to quantity of water estimated.

(a) Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the

best suitable shape and section of the structure

according to quantity of water estimated.

(c)Structural design-Structural design ensures thestability and safety of the chosen section againstthe water pressure and other pressure.

Industrial & Municipal water supply

Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation

Hydro power-

Takato dam

Flood control

Erosion and sediment control-

Navigation- hydrologic problems in navigation projects require answers –

How much water required to lock the gates.

How much water required to maintain minimum draft.

What will be the effect of river on navigation on different stages .

Weather Forecasting -

Necessity of studying hydrology.

Basic concepts of hydrology.

Various paths of hydrological cycle.

Identify the consumable resource of water.

Practical applications of hydrology.

ANY DOUBTS

?

THANKYOU