Concept based notes 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky;...

$: Concept based notes 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBugurukpo.com/Content/B.Ed/Educational_Management_and_School_Organisation-III_Paper.pdfA brief survey of growth and development of$
Biyani's Think Tank

Concept based notes

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu

Education and School Management (B.Ed. - Paper-III)

Malti Sexana Lecturer

Deptt. of B. Ed. Biyani Girls College, Jaipur

2 fc;kuh fFkad Vsad

Published by :

Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges Concept & Copyright :

Biyani Shikshan Samiti Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan)

Ph : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail : [email protected] Website :www.gurukpo.com; www.biyanicolleges.org ISBN: 978-93-81254-94-3 Edition : 2011 Price : Leaser Type Setted by : Biyani College Printing Department

While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any

mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of

that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of

any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu 3

Preface

I am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of

the students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The book is self-explanatory and adopts the “Teach Yourself” style. It is based on question-answer pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable based on scientific approach.

Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the readers for which the author shall be obliged.

I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani, Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour. They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and spearheaded the publishing work.

I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned address.

Author

4 fc;kuh fFkad Vsad

Syllabus

Paper - III : Educational Management and School Organization

Objectives: To enable student teacher to

1. Acquire a knowledge of the concept of Educational Administration and

Management.

2. Understand the role of centre state and local agencies in managing education.

3. Acquire a knowledge of administration and supervision of educaion in Rajasthan.

4. Develop an understanding of the principles and practices of school organization.

5. Development understanding of the main issues related to Indian educational

system.

Unit-I

Concept need,Characteristics principles of Educational Administration and Edu-

Cational Management.

Concept of authority delegation of power centralization and decemtralization

directionm communication unity of command.TQM.

Unit-II

Concept types,principles,styles, need,problems of Leadership Leadership role of

school HM in Institutional planning.

Concept type,aims,need of Institutional planning and financial management/

School budget, nature,process of preparation,problems and soutions

Unit-III

Meaning,old and modern concept types differences objectives

principles,nature,problem,remedies of supervision and inspection Role of school

Headmaster in Supervision and Inspection

Concept,type,objectives,principles,nature,problem,remedies of following:


- Development and maintenance of infrastructure.

- Time table.

- Planning co-curricualr activities

- School records

- Student discipline

- Overall school climate and tons.

Unit-IV

A brief survey of growth and development of education in India

(A) Pre-Independence era-

i. Edcuation during Vedic,Buddhist and Medieval period.

ii. Development during British period-Maculay's minute.

(B) Post-independence era-

Salient features of Secondary Education Commission 1952-53,Education

commission 1964 and National Policy on Edcuation 1986.

(C) Major recommendations of Education Commission (1964) and NPE-1986

for educational administration.

Unit-V

Role of central and state agencies of education

- MHRD,NCTE,NCERT,CBSE,CABE (Central Advisory Board of

Education),NIEPA.

- State Dept of Education,RBSE,SIERT,IASE CTE,DIET Sessional Work-(20

Marks)

(1) One test of 10 Marks

Any one of the following:10 Marks

1. A detailed essay on any aspect of educational administration in India.

2. Detailed essay on any aspect of school organisation.

3. Preparation of an institutional planning on any aspect of school organization

4. A case study of a secondary school with reference to the leadership role of school

Headmaster.

6 fc;kuh fFkad Vsad

Contents

S.No. Topic Page No.

1 Educational Administration 8 - 13

2 Educational Management 14 - 16

3 Delegation 17 - 18

4 Educational Direction 19 - 20

5 Communication 21 - 22

6 Unity of Command 23 - 24

7 Total Quality Management 25 - 26

8 Centralization and Decentralization of Management 27 - 29

9 Educational Leadership 30 - 32

10 Institutional Planning 33 - 34

11 Financial Management 35 - 36

12 School Budget 37 - 38

13 The Role of the Head Master in the School 39 - 43

14 Meaning of Inspection 44 - 46

15 Educational Supervision 47 - 50

16 Infrastructure Facilities of School 51 - 52

17 Financial Management 53 - 54

18 Co-Curricular Activities 55 - 56

19 School Records 57 - 58

20 School Library 59 - 60

21 Discipline 61 - 63

22 Vedic Education 64 - 70


23 Education in British Period (Macaulay’s Minutes and Wood Despatch)

71- 74

24 Kothari Education Commission 75 - 77

25 National Education Policy 78- 79

26 Ministry of Human Resources for Development 80 - 81

27 National Council of Education Research and Training

82 - 84

28 State Department of Education 85 - 87

29 District Institute of Education and Training 88 - 90

30 College of Teacher Education 91 - 92

31 Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education 93 - 94

32 Globalization 95 - 95

33 Unsolved Papers 96 - 013

8 fc;kuh fFkad Vsad

'kSf{kd iz’kklu

Educational Administration

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh D;k vo/kkj.kk gS\

What is the concept of Educational Administration?

mÙkj- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu (Educational Administration) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh mRifÙk nks 'kCnksa

ls feydj gqbZ gSA izFke *'kSf{kd* vkSj f}rh; *iz'kklu* 'kSf{kd dk lh/kk lEcU/k *f'k{kk

txr ls gS vFkkZr f'k{kk dh ifjHkk"kk] fo'ks"krk,¡] {ks=] izdkj] izÑfr] vko';drk]

;kstuk,¡ vkSj ifj;kstuk;sa bR;kfn ds lEcU/k esa 'kSf{kd txr dks tkuk tk ldrk gSA

f}rh; 'kCn *iz'kklu* ls vk'k; ,d ,slh izfØ;k ls gS] tks mu mís';ksa ds fu/kkZj.k ds

fy, mÙkjnk;h gksrh gS] ftuds fy, ,d laxBu vkSj blds izcU/k dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk

gS] tks mu foLrr uhfr;ksa dks fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA ftlds vUrxZr mUgs dk;Z djuk gksrk

gSA tks fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dh izkfIr esa lEiw.kZ dk;Z lapkyu dh izHkko'khyrk ij ,d

lkekU; utj j[kus dk iz;kl djrh gSA

1- ,y- Mh- OgkbV ds vuqlkj] **fdlh iz;kstu ;k mís'; dh izkfIr ds fy, cgqr ls

euq";ksa dk funsZ'ku] leUo; ,oa fu;U=.k dh dyk gh iz'kklu gSaA**

2- xzkge ckyQksj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu ;ksX; Nk=ksa dks ;ksX; v/;kidksa ds }kjk

jkT; }kjk iznr lalk/kuksa ds vUrxZr ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djrk

gS] ftuesa os Nk= Lo;a dks feyus okys izf'k{k.k dk ykHk izkIr dj ldsaA**

“Educational administration is to enable the pupils to receive the right education,

form the right teacher at a cost within the means of the state under conditions which

will enable the pupils best to profit by their training.” - Graham Balfour

3- bulkbZDYkksfifM;k vkWQ ,stwds'kuy fjlpZ ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu lEcfU/kr

O;fDr;ksa ds iz;klksa dks ,dhÑr djus rFkk leqfpr lkexzh dks bl <ax ls iz;ksx

v/;k;&1

C


djus dh izfØ;k gS. ftlls ekuoh; xq.kksa dk fodkl izHkko'kkyh <ax ls fd;k tk

ldsA**

“Educational administration is a process of integrating the efforts of personel and of

utilizing appropriate material in such a way as to promote effectively the

development of human qualities.” - Encyclopedia of Educational Research

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj iz'kklu esa nks i{kksa

ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkrk gS &

1- HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk leqfpr laxBuA

2- ekuoh; lalk/kuksa dk izHkkoh laxBuA

iz'u-2- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds fl)kUrksa dk o.kZu dhft,\

Explain the Principle of Educational Administration?

mÙkj- fdlh dk;Z dks fuf'pr fu;eksa esa ck¡/kuk fl)kUr dgykrk gSA fl)kUr dk;Z dks

O;kogkfjd :i iznku djrs gSA 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ij gh fo|ky; dh f'k{kk dh lQyrk

fuHkZj jgrh gSA fo|ky; ds leLr dk;kZs dk Bhd izdkj ls lapkyu djus ds fy,

bldh vko';drk iM+rh gS] rFkk ;g dqN fl)kUrksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA ftllsa 'kSf{kd

iz'kklu lqO;ofLFkr ,oa fuf'pr y{; dh izkfIr dh vksj lQyrk iwoZd vxzflr gksus esa

l{ke gks ldsaA

'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds eq[; fl)kUr (Main Principal of Educational Administration) :

1 laLFkk ds y{; ,oa mís'; dks iwoZ fu/kkZfjr dj ysuk pkfg,A

2 laLFkk ds fu/kkZfjr y{; ,oa mís';ksa ds vk/kkj ij laLFkkxr ;kstuk cukuh pkfg;sA

3 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds laxBu dks izHkkoh <ax ls lapkyu gsrw laxBu ds lHkh ink:<+

ekuoh; lalk/ku ds dÙkZO; ,oa ftEesnkjh rFkk lÙkk ,oa 'kfDr dk fu/kkZj.k dj nsuk

pkfg,A

4 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks foÙk lEcU/kh vk; ds lzksr ,oa O;; ds ekun.Mksa dks fu/kkZfjr

djus pkfg,A

5 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds lzksr iznku djus pkfg,A

6 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks fu"i{k ,oa dÙkZO;fu"B usr`Ro iznku djus pkfg,A

10 fc;kuh fFkad Vsad

7 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds }kjk laLFkk esa xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed ekudksa dk fu/kkZj.k djuk

pkfg,A

8 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa izksRlkgu ,oa lg;ksx dks /;ku nsuk pkfg,A

9 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa yphykiu] vuqdwyrk vkSj fLFkjrk gksuh pkfg,A

10 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa] ekudksa ,oa uhfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij =Sekfld]

v)Zokf"kZd] okf"kZd ewY;kadu djuk pkfg,A

iz'u-3- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds {ks= ,oa dk;kZs dh foospuk dhft,A

Discuss the scope & functions of Educational Administration.

mÙkj- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu (Educational Administration) : iz'kklu 'kCn vaxzsth 'kCn

(Adminstration) dk fgUnh :ikUrj.k gSA ,MfefuLVªs'ku 'kCn dh O;qRifÙk ySfVu 'kCn

(Minister) ls gqbZ gSA ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS (to manage) ftldk vk'k; nwljksa dh lsok

esa jr jgus okys O;fDr ls gksrk gS tks vius v/khuLFkksa dh lsok djrk gS] ogh iz'kklu

dgykrk gSA

1- QkWDl oht vkSj jQuj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu lsok dk ,d ,slk ek/;e gS]

ftlds }kjk 'kSf{kd izfØ;k dks izHkkoh rfjds ls vuqHko djk ldrs gSA**

“Educational administration is a service activity throught which the objective of the educational procers may be effectively realized.” – Fox wish & Ruffner

2- tSl ch- lh;jl~ ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu eas og vkrk gS] ftllsa gekjk rkRi;Z

ljdkj ls gksrk gS vkSj bldk ?kfu"B lEcU/k dqN 'kCnksa esa v/kh{k.k] i;Zos{k.k]

;kstuk] nf"V] funZs'ku] laxBu] fu;U=.k ,oa dkuwu ls gksrk gSA**

'kSf{kd iz'kklu dk {ks= (Scope of Educationa Administration)

ekud lajpuk fo|kFkhZ O;fDr foÙk ikB~;Øe (Legal Structure) (Pupils) (Person) (Finance) (Syllabus)

1- ekud lajpuk (Legal Structure) : f'k{kk iz'kklu ds }kjk 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa dh

'kfDr;k¡] fu;e] dk;ns] dkuwu vkfn cukus gksrs gSA laxBukRed ,oa iz'kklfud

lajpuk ds fuekZ.k gsrq dkuwuh lajpuk vko';d gksrh gSaA

2- fo|kFkhZ (Pupils) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa fo|kFkhZ dsUnqfcUnq gksrk gSA 'kSf{kd izfØ;k ,oa

rF; muds fy, gksrs gSA vr% lekt dh ekax ds vuqlkj :fp] vko';drk ,oa


{kerk ds vuqlkj O;fDrxr ,oa lkekftd mís';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA mUgha

ds vuqlkj fo|kFkhZ ds fy, ;kstuk,¡ cukbZ tkrh gSA

3- O;fDr ¼deZpkjh½ (Person) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds vUrxZr f'k{kk ds fodkl gsrq ekuo

'kfDr gh vk/kkj ekuh xbZ gSA f'k{kdksa dk p;u djuk] mudksa izf'k{k.k nsuk] lsok

iznku djuk] osrueku dh lqfo/kk nsuk rFkk le;≤ ij mudk funZs'ku o

Ik;Zos{k.k tSls dk;kZs dks 'kSf{kd iz'kklu }kjk gh fd;k tkrk gSA

4- foÙk (Finance) : vk; o O;; dk js[kadu ,oa ys[kk izf'k{k.k ls lEcfU/kr lHkh dk;Z

fd, tkrs gSA tSls Qhl dk fu/kkZj.k] dj yxkuk] iqLrdky; 'kqYd vkfn fofHkUu

'kqYdksa dk fu/kkZj.k dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA

5- ikB~;Øe (Syllabus) : fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh :fp ,oa mís';ksa ds vuqlkj 'kSf{kd iz'kklu

fnu&izfrfnu ikB~;Øe dh leL;k dk lek/kku djrk gSA lkekftd rFkk oSKkfud

rduhdh ifjorZu dks ns[krs gq, ikB~;Øe dk pquko fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh mlds

vuqlkj ikB~;iqLrdksa dk Hkh pquko fd;k tkrk gSA

'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds dk;Z (Functions of Educational Administration) :

1- fu.kZ; ysuk (Decision Making) : leL;k dh izÑfr ,oa ifjfLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij

fu.kZ;ksa ds fuEufyf[kr izdkj gks ldrs gS &

¼1½ nSfud lkekU; fu.kZ; (Daily Routine Decisions)

¼2½ uhfrxr fu.kZ; (Policy Decisions)

¼3½ oS;fDrd fu.kZ; (Personal or Individual Decisions)

¼4½ lkewfgd fu.kZ; (Group or Collective Decisions)

2- vk;kstu djuk (Planning) : mís'; dks fØ;k esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, fu;kstu

vko';d gSA fu;kstu fofHkUu fodYiksa esa ls lgh dk;Z dk pquko gSA ;g le;]

iz;kl ,oa /ku dh cpr djrh gS rFkk izHkkforrk ,oa dq'kyrk c<+krh gSA vr%

fu;kstu iz'kklfud izfØ;k dk ewyHkwr vk/kkj gS rFkk laxBu esa ;g thoUr dne

gSA vesfjdu fo|ky; iz'kklu laxBu rFkk bfy;V ,oa estj us ;kstuk izfØ;k ds

vUrxZr fuEu ckrksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS &

¼1½ 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa ds vk/kkj ij lkdf;d mís'; fooj.kA

¼2½ ,d fuf'pr leqnk; esa f'k{kk dh orZeku fLFkfr dk fu/kkZj.kA


¼3½ fo|ky;ksa ds fy, mís';ksa ds vuq:i dk;ZØe r; djukA

¼4½ ;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor djukA

¼5½ dk;ZØe dh izHkko'khyrk dk fu;fer :i ls ewY;kadu djukA

¼6½ ewY;kadu ds vk/kkj ij vko';d {ks= esa iqu% ;kstuk rS;kj djukA

3- laxBu djuk (Organising) : tkWu okYVj ds vuqlkj] **laxBu esa dk;Z djus okys

lHkh O;fDr vke mís'; dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z djrs gSA**

xzasx ds vuqlkj] ** laxBu dk vfHkizsr gS leku y{; dh iwfrZ gsrw laxfBr O;fDr;ksa

ds lewg dh lefUor fØ;k,¡A**

laxBu nks izdkj dk gksrk gS &

1- vkSipkfjd laxBu : vkSipkfjd laxBu ds fy, mís'; vko';d gS rFkk fofo/k

Lrjksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh vko';d gSA tSls&tSls laxBu cM+k gksrk gS] blds leUo;

,oa lapkyu dh leL;k,sa tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA

2- vukSipkfjd laxBu : vukSipkfjd laxBu ijLij lEcU/kksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS]

rFkk le;≤ ij feyrs jgus ls ;s vf/kd lqn<+ gksrk gSA ;g lg;ksx]

lkewfgd vknku&iznku] lkekftd ladsr] ijEijk,sa vkSj O;ogkj ij vk/kkfjr gSSA

4- dk;Z djuk (Operating) : bldk rkRi;Z gS ;kstukvks dks O;kogkfjd ,oa ewrZ :i esa

fØ;kfUor djukA bl in dks ykxw djrs gq, iz'kklu rhu egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA

¼1½ funsZ'ku djuk (Direction)

¼2½ vkns'k nsuk (To Order)

¼3½ ekxZ n'kZu (Guidence & Training)

¼4½ fujh{k.k djuk (To Supervise)

¼5½ vfHkizsfjr djuk (To Motivate)

¼6½ leUo;u (Coordination)

5- ewY;kadu djuk (Evalnating) : fdlh Hkh laxBu ds fy, fu;fer ewY;kadu vko';d

gSA leqfpr] oS/k ,oa fo'oluh; ewY;kadu fof/k fdlh Hkh laxBu dk lqn<+ vk/kkj gS

ftl ij laxBu dk Hkkoh fodkl fuHkZj djrk gSA

ewY;kadu dh izfØ;k esa feyj ,oa LikfYaMx us fuEufyf[kr dne izLrkfor fd;s gSa&


¼1½ ewY;kadu dh tkus okyh lexz fLFkfr dk p;u ,oa ifjHkk"khdj.kA

¼2½ ewY;kadu ds fy, ekin.M dk fodkl] rnuqlkj ewY;kadu ds midj.kksa dk

fodklA

¼3½ ekun.Mksa ds vk/kkj ij nÙkks dk laxzgA

¼4½ nÙkksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa fu"d"kZA

ewY;kadu ds fl)kUr (Principles of Evaluation) :

¼1½ ewY;kadu Li"V 'kSf{kd mís';ksa ds vk/kkj ij gksuk pkfg,A

¼2½ ewY;kadu fujUrj gksuk pkfg,A

¼3½ ewY;kadu lg;ksxh gksuk pkfg,A

¼4½ ewY;kadu oS/k gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa Li"V mís';] fo'oluh; nÙkksa dk laxzg gksuk

pkfg,A

¼5½ ;g fdlh ekud ds vk/kkj ij gksuk pkfg,A

□ □ □


'kSf{kd izcU/k

Educational Management

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd izcU/k D;ksa vko';d gS\ Li"V djsaA

Why Educational Management is essential? Define it.

mÙkj- 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,d egRoiw.kZ izR;; gSA bldh vko';drk ,oa egRo dks bl izdkj le>

ldrs gSa &

1. fu;ksftr fodkl }kj fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dh izkfIr gsrq (To achieve predetermined

aims through planned development) : 'kSf{kd izcU/ku dk y{; 'kSf{kd mís';ksa

dh izkfIr gksrk gSA blds fy, og fu;kstu lapkyu] leUo;] fu;U=.k bR;kfn dk;Z

djrs gq, iz;kl djrk gSA vr% O;kogkfjd ,oa mi;ksxh ;kstukvksa }kjk 'kSf{kd

izcU/ku fu;ksftr fodkl }kjk mís';ksa dh izkfIr djrk gSA

2. 'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk esa o`f) djus gsrq (To enhance the quality of

educational product) : fu;ksftr fodkl ds }kjk gh 'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk

esa o`f) dh tk ldrh gS rFkk ;g nkf;Ro 'kSf{kd izcU/ku ij vkrk gS fd og

miyC/k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] lqfu;ksftr rjhds viukdj 'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk

c<+kus dk iz;kl djsaA

3. vk/kqfud] oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh vkfo"dkjksa dk ykHk mBkusa gsrq (To take

advantage of modern, scientific and technical inventions) : f'k{kk ds mís';ksa

dks izHkko'kkyh <ax ls izkIr djus gsrq rduhdh dk iz;ksx 'kSf{kd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA f'k{k.k rduhdh] lwpuk rduhdh o iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k vkfn

ds mi;ksx ls f'k{k.k izfØ;k dks jkspd ,oa vkd"kZd cuk;k tk ldrk gSA 'kSf{kd

izcU/ku dk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd og rduhdh iz;ksx ,oa n{krk mRiUu djus dk iz;kl

djsaA

v/;k;&2

C


4. U;wure iz;Rukaas o lalk/kuks }kjk vf/kdre ifj.kkeksa dh izkfIr gsrq (To achieve

maximum result with minimum effects and resources) : izcU/ku ,d ,slh

'kfDr o lk/ku gS ftlds }kjk le;] /ku o Je dk mi;ksx djds vf/kdre

miyfC/k;k¡ vftZr dh tk ldrh gSaA lk/kuksa ds izHkkoiw.kZ o ferO;;rkiw.kZ iz;ksx

}kjk okafNr y{;ksa dks izkIr dj ikus esa lQyrk izkIr djuk ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ nkf;Ro

gSA

5. fofHkUu dkjdksa esa leUo; ds fy, (For coordination among different factors) :

fdlh Hkh fu/kkZfjr y{; dh izkfIr esa ;fn ,d ls vf/kd dkjd lfEefyr gksrs gS] rks

mu lHkh dkjdksa esa ijLij rkyesy t:jh gks tkrk gSA f'k{kk rks ,d ,slk lkeqfgd

iz;kl gS] tks vusdkusd dkjdksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA ekuoh; dkjdksa esa leUo; u

gks rks f'k{kk ds mís'; izkIr gksuk gh vlEHko gSA izcU/ku }kjk bu lHkh ij leqfpr

/;ku fn;k tkrk gSA

6. ekuoh; lalk/kuksa dk fodkl djus ds fy, (To develop the human resources) :

izcU/ku dh lHkh fØ;k,¡ ekuoh; O;ogkj ls gh fdlh u fdlh :i ls lEcfU/kr

gksrh gSA dq'ky izcU/kd fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa dk p;u

djrs gS] mUgsa mfpr izf'k{k.k iznku djrs gSA mudh O;fDrxr {kerk dks igpku dj

mUgsa dk;Z vkoaVu djrs gSA mudh leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k djrs gS rFkk muds

fodkl ds volj o izsj.kk iznku djrs gSA

iz'u-2- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ,oa 'kSf{kd izcU/ku esa D;k vUrj gS\

What is the difference between Educational Administration and Educational Management?

mÙkj-

'kSf{kd iz'kklu

(Education Administration) 'kSf{kd izcU/ku

(Education Management)

1 bldk vFkZ ekuoh; rFkk HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa

}kjk 'kSf{kd dk;kZsa dks dk;Z :i nsus ls

gSA

bldk vFkZ mlds ekuoh; rFkk

HkkSfrd lalk/kuks ds O;ofLFkr <k¡ps dks

rS;kj djus ls gSaA

2 ;g ,d 'kSf{kd izfØ;k gS tks 'kSf{kd

izcU/k dh fØ;kvksa dks funZsf'kr rFkk

fu;fU=r djrh gSA

;g fdlh mís'; dh izkfIr ds fy,

euq"; dk lewg gksrk gSA


3 bldk Lo:i jpukRed gksrk gSA bldk Lo:i lS)kfUrd gksrk gSA

4 ;g LFkwy gksrk gSA ;g lw{e gksrk gSaA

5 blds rRo fu;kstu] laxBu] leUo;]

funsZ'ku o ewY;kadu gSA

;g 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh ,d iz.kkyh

i)fr gSA

6 ;g O;kogkfjd foKku gSA ;g lS)kfUrd foKku gSA

7 ;g 'kSf{kd mís';ksa dh fØ;kfUofr dk

lk/ku gSA

;g mís'; dh iwfrZ dk izeq[k lk/ku

gSA

8 ;g izxfr'khy izfØ;k gSA ;g ifjorZu'khy izfØ;k gSA

□ □ □


izR;k;kstu

Delegation

iz'u-1- izR;k;kstu ds rhu rRo Li"V dhft,A iz'kklu esa blds ykHk crkb;sA

Explain the three elements of Delegation. Discuss its advantages in Administration.

mÙkj- izR;k;kstu ds rRo (Elements of Delegation) :

1- dk;ZHkkj lkSaiuk : blesa izR;k;kstudrkZ ;g fuf'pr djrk gSa fd og dkSulsa dk;Z

Lo;a djsxk vkSj dkSulsa dk;Z og vU; O;fDr;ksa dks lkSaixkA dk;ZHkkj lkSairs le;

og mlds mÙkjnkf;Ro ,oa v/khuLFkksa dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkfn dks /;ku esa j[krk gSaA

2- vf/kdkj iznku djuk : v/khuLFkksa dks dk;ZHkkj lkSaius ds i'pkr~ mu dk;ksZ dks djus

ds fy, mUgsa vko';d vf/kdkj Hkh iznku fd;s tkrs gSA mPp vf/kdkjh }kjk ;gk¡

v/khuLFkksa dks os lHkh vf/kdkj lkSai fn, tkus pkfg, ftudh vko';drk v/khuLFkksa

dks gksrh gSA

3- mÙkjnkf;Ro dk fu/kkZj.k : laxBu esa v/khuLFkksa dks dk;ksZ ,oa vf/kdkjksa ds

izR;k;kstu djus ls gh Js"B fu"iknu dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA vf/kdkj

iznku djus ds lkFk&lkFk O;fDrxr mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk Hkh fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkuk

vko';d gksrk gSA dk;kZs ds lEcU/k esa vf/kd mÙkjnkf;Ro rks mPp vf/kdkjh dk gh

gksrk gSA

izR;k;kstu ds ykHk (Advantage of Delegation) :

1- mPp vf/kdkjh ds dk;ZHkkj esa dehA

2- izcU/k dh dk;Z dq'kyrk esa o`f)A

v/;k;&3

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3- v/khuLFkksa dks mRizsj.kkA

4- v/khuLFkksa dh ;ksX;rk esa o`f)A

5- eukscy esa o`f)A

6- 'kh?kzrkiwoZd dk;Z lEiUu gksukA

7- izHkkoh fu;U=.kA

8- ekuoh; lhekvksa dk iwjdA

□ □ □


'kSf{kd funsZ’ku

Educational Direction

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dk vFkZ le>kb;sA

Explain the meaning of Educational Direction.

mÙkj- funsZ'ku dk vFkZ (Meaning of Direction) : funsZ'ku izcU/k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gS

ftldk izeq[k mís'; nwljs O;fDr;ksa ls miØe ds mís';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z djkuk

gSA vr% funsZ'ku esa v/khuLFkksa dks vkns'k nsus] mUgsa esgur ls dk;Z djus dks mRizsfjr

djus] dq'ky usr`Ro iznku djus rFkk lEizs"k.k ds dk;Z lfEefyr fd;s tk ldrs gSA ;g

laLFkk dks xfr iznku djrk gS vkSj ;kstukvksa dks okLrfodrk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA

'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of Educational Direction) :

1- dkVZj oh- xqM ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd funZs'ku fl)kUr :i ls fo|ky;] dkslZ]

ikB~;Øe ,oa fo|ky;h thou ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa ls tqM+k gS] u fd O;olk; ;k

O;fDrxr fo"k;ksa lsA **

“Educational direction is concerned principally with maters relating to school,

courses, curriculums and school life rather than vocational, social or personal

matters.” - Karter V. Gud

2- czsoj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd funsZ'ku O;fDr dh cqf) dh o`f) ds fy, iznku dh tkus

okyh lgk;rk gsrq psruko'k fd;k x;k iz;kl gSA **

“Educational direction may be defined as a conscious effort to assist in the

intellectual growth of an individual.” - Braver

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'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Educational Direction) :

1- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku thou i;ZUr pyus okyh izfØ;k gSA ftlds ek/;e ls og vf/kd

ltx] lfØ;] lUrqfyr ,oa lkekU; rFkk fof'k"V lsok dk volj iznku djrk gSA

2- 'kSf{kd funZs'ku ckyd dks LofunsZ'k nsrk gSa rkfd og viuh vkUrfjd 'kfDr;ksa ,oa

y{;ksa dks tku lds rFkk Lo;a fu.kZ; ys ldsaA

3- 'kSf{kd funZs'ku ckyd dks vius i;kZoj.k ds lkFk&lkFk lek;kstu djus dh

lgk;rk Hkh iznku djrk gSA

4- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

□ □ □


lEizs"k.k

Communication

iz'u-1- lEizs"k.k D;k gS\ blds rRo dkSuls gS\

What is Communication? What are its Elements?

mÙkj- lEizs"k.k dks lapkj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA lEisz"k.k ds ewy esas ;g vFkZ fufgr gS fd O;fDr

leL;kvksa ij ijLij feytqy dj fopkj djsa vkSj ,d nwljs ds fopkjksa dks le>dj

lkeUtL;iw.kZ <ax ls vius dÙkZO;ksa dk fuokZg djsaA

iz'kklfud {ks= esa lEizs"k.k og fØ;k gS ftlds }kjk ,d O;fDr nwljs O;fDr rd vius

fopkjksa dk gLrkUrj.k djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA

lEizs"k.k dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Meaning and Definitions of Communication ) :

lEizs"k.k nks 'kCnksa ds ;ksx ls fufeZr gS& *le~ $ izs"k.k*A le~ milxZ ,oa isz"k~ /kkrq ls

*lEizs"k.k* 'kCn fu"iUu gSA le~ milxZ dk vFkZ gS] iw.kZrk ;k vPNkbZA izs"k~ dk vFkZ gS

*Hkstuk* ,oa izs"k.k dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS& **og oLrq tks dgha ls fdlh ds ikl Hksth tk,A

blh izdkj lEizs"k.k dk vFkZ gS lwpuk nsus dk vf/kdkjA

lk/kkj.k 'kCnksa esa lUns'kokgu ¼lEizs"k.k½ dk vk'k; lwpuk ;k lEefr ds fyf[kr ;k

ekSf[kd vknku&iznku ls gSA nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa esa rF;ksas] fopkjksa] vuqekuksa ;k

laosxksa ds ijLij vknku&iznku dks lEizs"k.k dgrs gSA

ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions) :

1- dhFk Msfol ds vuqlkj] **lEizs"k.k og izfØ;k gS ftlesa lUns’k ,oa le> dks ,d

O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr rd igq¡pk;k tkrk gSaA**

“Communication is a process of paring information and understanding form one person to another.” – Keith Davis

v/;k;&5

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2- U;wesu rFkk lej ds vuqlkj] **lEizs"k.k nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ds e/; rF;ksa]

fopkjksa] lEefr;ksa vFkok Hkkoukvksa dk fofues; gSaA**

“Communication is exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions by two or more person.” – Newman and Cummar

3- ,Q- th- es;j ds vuqlkj] **ekuoh; fopkjksa rFkk lEefr;ksa dk 'kCnksa] i=ksa ,oa

lUns’kksa ds ek/;e ls vknku iznku gh lEizs"k.k gSaA**

“Communication is the intercourse by words, letters, symbols or message and as a way one member shares meaning and understanding with other.” – F. G. Mayer

lEizs"k.k ds rRo %

1- lwpuk lzksr (Source of Information)

2- lEizs"k.k lkexzh (Contents of Communication)

3- lEizs"k.k ek/;e (Media of Communication)

4- lEizs"k.k izk:i (Structure of Communication)

5- xzg.k drkZ (Receiver)

6- vuqfØ;k (Responce)

□ □ □

xzg.kdrkZ

lEizs"k.k lkexzh lEizs"k.k ek/;ee lEizs"k.k izk:i

lwpuk lzksr


vkns'k dh ,drk

Unity of Command

iz'u-1- *vkns'k dh ,drk* fl)kUr ds xq.k crkb;sA

Describe the characteristics of Unity of Command.

mÙkj- vkns'k dh ,drk dk vFkZ (Meaning of Unity of Command) : vkns'k dh ,drk dk

vFkZ gS fd laLFkk ds iz'kklu esa ,d gh vkns'k dh vuqikyuk dh tk;sA ;g fl)kUr

dgrk gS fd lHkh leku izdkj ds mís';ksa okys dk;kZs dk ,d gh izeq[k vf/kdkj gksuk

pkfg, rFkk bu lc leku dk;ksZaa dh ,d gh ;kstuk cuk;h tkuh pkfg,A laxBu ds

vUrxZr dk;Z djus okyk dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh vius ls mPp vf/kdkjh ls vkns'k xzg.k ugha

djsxkA

gsujh ¶;ksy ds vuqlkj] ** fdlh deZpkjh dks dsoy ,d gh mPp vf/kdkjh }kjk vkns'k

fn;k tkuk pkfg,A**

gjcVZ fleksu ds vuqlkj] **vkns'k dh ,drk dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,d le; esa ,d gh

vf/kdkjh dh vkKk dk ikyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA**

vko';drk (Need) :

1- laxBu dk dk;Z nksgjs fu;a=.k ij lapkfyr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

2- izR;sd O;fDr dks dsoy ,d vf/kdkjh ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gksuk pkfg,A blds vHkko

esaa mÙkjnkf;Ro dks fuf'pr djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA

3- ,d ls vf/kd vkns'k gksus dh fLFkfr esa dk;Z ds izfr HkzkfUr ,oa lUnsg mRiUu gksrk

gSA

4- vf/kdkjhx.k vius&vius foosd ds dkj.k vkns'k nsrs gSa rks dHkh&dHkh mu vkns'kksa

esa fojks/kkHkkl gks tkrk gSaA

v/;k;&6

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xq.k (Merits) :

1- laxBu dk LFkkf;Ro

2- Hkzkafr ,oa nksgjko ls eqfDr

3- vkns'k dh Li"Vrk

4- laxBu dk dq'kyrkiwoZd lapkyu

5- LoLFk okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k

6- mÙkjnkf;Ro dks fuf'pr djuk

7- izHkkoiw.kZ fu;U=.k

8- lkeUtL;rk

ywFkj xqfyd us vkns'k dh ,drk ds fl)kUr ds fo"k; esa fy[kk gS& **;fn iz'kklu esa

*vkns'k dh ,drk* fl)kUr dk dBksjrk ls ikyu fd;k tkrk gS rks gks ldrk gS fd

dqN ?kkrd ifj.kke iSnk gksaxs fdUrq ;s ifj.kke efrHkze] vdk;Zdq'kyrk vkSj

vuqÙkjnkf;Ro dh rqyuk esa dqN Hkh ugha gS tks bl fl)kUr dk mYya?ku djus ij iSnk

gksxhA

□ □ □


lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk izcU/k

Total Quality Management

iz'u-1- lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk izcU/k ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ eq[; pqukSfr;k¡ dkSulh gS\ o.kZu dhft,A

What do you know about Total Quality Management? What are the main challenges? Explain (T.Q.M.).

mÙkj- f'k{kk esa lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk izcU/ku ubZ vo/kkj.kk gSA blls rkRi;Z fo|ky;h okrkoj.k esa

iw.kZ :i ls xq.koÙkk ykuk gSA f'k{kk esa xq.koÙkk ykus ds fy, v/;kidksa dh mPp 'kSf{kd

miyfC/k;ksa ftuesa ,u-bZ-Vh@,l-,y-bZ-Vh- ,oa ih- ,p- Mh- /kkjh f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr ij

tksj fn;k tk jgk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa xq.koÙkk ykus ds fy, izos'k ijh{kk,¡ vk;ksftr dh

tk jgh gSA

lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk ds ?kVd (Component of Total Quality Management) :

mís'; (Objectives)

y{; (Goal)

n`f"V (Vision)

tqMko (Misson)

lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk izcU/k ds {ks= dh izeq[k pqukSfr;k¡ (T.Q.M. Challenges) :

1- foHkkxh; fu;eksa] mifu;eksa dh folaxfr;k¡ A

2- iz'kklfud pqukSfr;k¡A

3- Nk=ksa esa c<+rk vlarks"kA

4- ikB~;Øekas dh fHkUurkA

5- f'k{kdksa o Nk=ksa dk f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa Bgjko ds le; fu/kkZj.k dh leL;kA

v/;k;&7

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6- laLFkk iz/kkuksa dh cgqvk;keh HkwfedkA

7- f'k{kdksa dh LFkk;h fu;qfDr;ksa ds ckjs esa ljdkjh ra= dh ykijokghA

8- f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh esa tulgHkkfxrk dk vHkkoA

9- lkeqnkf;d fØ;kdykiksa ds izfr ljdkjh mnklhurkA

10- f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa jktuhfrd gLr{ksiA

pqukSfr;ksa ds lek/kku (Remedies) :

1- mPp Lrjh; lfefr xfBr dj f'k{kk ds iz'kklfud <+k¡ps dks pqLr cukukA

2- fof'k"V dk;Z n{krk mikxe dk fodkl djukA

3- le;] izlk/kuksa o ÅtkZ dh cpr gsrq 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dk izHkkoh izcU/kuA

4- fofÙk; ekeyksa] vuqnku bR;kfn dk fuLrkj.k ljdkjh Lrj ij ;Fkk 'kh?kz gksuk

pkfg,A

5- laLFkk iz/kkuksa dh Hkwfedk] vf/kdkj] dÙkZO;ksa dk foHkktu Li"V gksuk pkfg,A

fu"d"kZ : f'k{kk ds {ks= esa lEiw.kZ xq.koÙkk izcU/ku dk nkf;Ro ge lc f'k{kdkas]

vfHkHkkodksas] Nk=&Nk=kvksa] uhfr&fu/kkZjdkas rFkk leqnk;ksa ds lkeqfgd iz;kl dk

mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA

□ □ □


izcU/k dk dsUnzhdj.k rFkk fodsUnzhdj.k

Centralization and Decentralization of Management

iz'u-1- **izcU/k ds dsUnzhdj.k rFkk fodsUnzhdj.k** ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

Write short note on "Centralization and Decentralization of Management."

vFkok

izcU/k ds dsUnzhdj.k ,oa fodsUnzhdj.k ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ blds xq.k&nks"k crkb;sA

What do you mean by Centralization and Decentratization of Management? Give its merits and demerits.

mÙkj- lÙkk dh lEiw.kZ 'kfDr;k¡ ,d gh LFkku ij dk;Z djs og lÙkk dk dsUnzhdj.k gS] rFkk

lÙkk dh 'kfDr;ksa dks vU; {ks=ks esa ck¡V fn;k tk;s og fodsUnzhdj.k gksxkA

bulkbZDyksihfM;k vkWQ lks'ky lkablst~ esa dsUnzhdj.k ,oa fodsUnzhdj.k ds fo"k; esa

fy[kk gS &

**fodsUnzhdj.k dh izfØ;k lÙkk] fo/kku] U;k; ;k iz'kklu dk ljdkjh mPp Lrj ls fuEu

Lrj dh vksj LFkkukUrj.k dks O;Dr djrh gSA blh izdkj dsUnzhdj.k esa iz'kklu dsUnzh;

fu;U=.k esa gksrk gS] ftlesa vU; dk fu;U=.k ;k rks vR;Ur vYi gksrk gS vFkok gksrk

gh ugha gSA**

"The process of decentralization denotes the transference of authority, legislative, judicial or administrative form a higher level of government to a lower. It is the converse of centralization a term generally used to denote the more delegation to a subordinate officer of capacity to act in the name of superior without a transfer of authority from him."

1- dsUnzh;dj.k (Centralisation) : ;g iz'kklu dk og Lo:i gS ftlesa lÙkk ;k 'kfDr

,d dsUnzh; lk/ku esa fufgr gksrh gSA ;g vius Lrj ij uhfr;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k ,oa

fØ;kUo;u djrk gSA dsUnzh;dj.k iz'kklu dh lHkh bdkbZ;ksa ij iw.kZ fu;U=.k j[krk

gS vkSj iz'kklu esa Hkh ,d:irk jgrh gSaA dsUnzh;dj.k iz'kklu esa jkT; ftl izdkj

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dh f'k{kk pkgrk gS] ogha f'k{kk ykxw djrk gSA bl izdkj ds iz'kklu esa dk;Z iz.kkyh

dh ,d:irk jgrh gSaA

dsUnzh;Ñr izcU/ku ds xq.k (Merits of Centralization) :

1- dsUnzh;Ñr izcU/ku esa lk/kuks dk viO;; ugha gksrkA+

2- dsUnzh;dj.k ds }kjk iz'kklu esa le:irk jgrh gSA

3- bl izcU/ku esa fu.kZ; 'kh?kzrk ls fy;s tkrs gSA

4- uhfr;ksa] ;kstukvksa esa mfpr lhek rd ,d:irk jgrh gSA

5- n{krk ds mPpre Lrj rFkk mÙke ifj.kkeksa dh izkfIr lqfuf'pr gks tkrh gSA

6- dsUnzh;dj.k esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh lEHkkouk de jgrh gSA

7- dsUnzh;dj.k izcU/k ds }kjk y{; dks ljyrkiwoZd izkIr dj ldrs gSA

dsUnzh;Ñr izcU/ku ds nks"k (Demerits of Centralization) :

1- bl izcU/ku esa NksVs&NksVs dk;ksZa esa vdkj.k foyEc gksrk gSA

2- ;g iz.kkyh turkaf=d fl)kUrksa dh fojks/kh gSA

3- 'kSf{kd voljksa dh lekurk ugha jgrhA

4- bl iz.kkyh esa le:irk gksu ds dkj.k uohu fopkj ,oa iz;ksx dh lEHkkouk ugha

jgrhA

5- iz'kklu yphyk u gksdj dBksj gks tkrk gSaA

6- bl iz.kkyh esa v/khuLFk deZpkfj;ksa ds Kku ,oa vuqHkoksa dk ykHk ,oa

uhfr&fu/kkZj.k esa lg;ksx izkIr ugha gksrkA

7- dk;kZs ds vf/kd Hkkj gksus ds dkj.k vdq'kyrk dks c<+kok feyrk gSA

2- fodsUnzh;dj.k (Decentralisation) : iz'kklu ds fodsUnzhdj.k dh izfØ;k esa lÙkk

mPp Lrj ls fuEu Lrj dks gLrkUrfjr dj nh tkrh gSA vFkkZr~ izcU/ku ,d O;fDr

;k laLFkk ij vk/kkfjr u gksdj mudks foHkkxksa ds vuq:i dk;kZs dk forj.k dj mUgs

mldk vf/kdkjh cuk fn;k tkrk gSA blls laLFkk esa dk;Zjr izR;sd O;fDr viuh

:fp] ;ksX;rk ,oa {kerk ds vuq:i Lora= :i ls dk;Z dj ldrk gSA fodsUnzhdj.k

ds fo"k; esa f'k{kk 'kkL=h bZ- ,Q- ,y- czhp us dgk gS& **fodsUnzhdj.k vUrj.k ds

ifj.kke Li:i feyus okys mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk izfr:i gSA**

fodsUnzhdj.k iz'kklu *LFkkuh; n'kkvksa* ds vuq:i vuqdwyu dks izksRlkfgr djrk gSA

blesa Hkh egRoiw.kZ vf/kdkjh dks mPPk izcU/kd vius ikl j[krs gSA fodsUnzhdj.k


iz'kklu esa lÙkk fo|ky; ds lcls fuEu Lrj rd fo|kFkhZ] vfHkHkkod] LFkkuh;

leqnk; rd fodsfUnzr gks tkrh gSA

fodsUnzh;Ñr izcU/ku ds xq.k (Merits of Decentralization) :

1- bl izfØ;k esa fofof/kdj.k (Diversification) esa lqfo/kk feyrh gSA

2- fodsUnzhdj.k esa mPp izcU/kdksa ds dk;ZHkkj esa dVkSrh gks tkrh gSaA

3- bl izfØ;k ds }kjk vPNs fu.kZ; ysuk lEHko gks tkrk gSA

4- deZpkfj;ksa esa 'kSf{kd voljksa esa lekurk gks tkrh gSA

5- fodsUnzhdj.k esa lÙkk fØ;k'khy ,oa iz;ksxkRed gksrh gSA ikB~;Øe rFkk fof/k;k¡

LFkkuh; okrkoj.k ds vuq:i ifjofrZr gksrh gSA

6- fodsUnzhdj.k ds }kjk dk;Z ljy&lqxe ,oa 'kh?kz gksrk gSA

7- bl izfØ;k esa v/khuLFkksa ,oa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds e/; vPNk lEcU/k gks tkrk gSA

8- fodsUnzhdj.k ls ;qok vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Lora= fu.kZ; ysus ds volj izkIr gksrs gSA

fodsUnzh;Ñr izcU/ku ds nks"k (Demerits of Decentralization) :

1- NksVs laxBuks ds fy, ;g vuqi;qDr gSA

2- fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa fu.kZ; 'kh?kz ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSaA

3- blesa LFkkuh; nckoksa dh lEHkkouk jgrh gS] ftlls iz'kklu dh dk;Zdq'kyrk

?kV tkrh gSaA

4- bl izfØ;k ls laxBu esa vklkuh ls ifjorZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

5- fodsUnzhdj.k iz'kklu esa fu.kZ; dks mfpr izdkj ls fØ;kfUor ugha fd;k tk

ldrkA

6- mfpr leUo; ds vHkko esa fu.kZ;] fof/k;ksa] O;ogkjksa vkfn esa dkQh fHkUurk jgrh

gS] tks laxBu ds fodkl esa ck/kd gks tkrh gSA

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'kSf{kd usr`Ro

Educational Leadership

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd usr`Ro ds egRo ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

Describe the importance of Educational Leadership.

vFkok

usr`Ro dh vko';drk Li"V djsaA

Define the need of Leadership.

mÙkj- usr`Ro dh vko';drk ,oa egRo (Need & Importance of Leadership) : izR;sd laxBu

esa tgk¡ iwoZ fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, ,d ls vf/kd O;fDr dk;Z djrs gS] ogk¡

usr`Ro dh vko';drk gksrh gSA bl lUnHkZ esa iky glZs rFkk CysUpMZ dk er mYys[kuh;

gS fd **lQy laxBuksa dk izeq[k xq.k tks fd bls vlQy laxBuksa ls i`Fkd djrk gSa]

xfr'khy ,oa izHkkoh usr`Ro gSaA**

usr`Ro og izsjd 'kfDr gS tks vU; yksxksa ls dk;Z djkrh gSaA usr`Ro dh vko';drk ge

fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa dh lgk;rk ls le> ldrs gaS &

1- dq'ky usrRo v/khuLFkksa dh vfHkizsj.kk dh vk/kkj f'kyk gS tks laxBu ds lnL;ksa dks

u dsoy iszj.kk iznku djrh gS oju~ mudks viuh ;ksX;rk dk izn'kZu djus ,oa

LorU=rkiwoZd dk;Z djus dk volj iznku dj O;fDrxr lkeF;Z dks mHkkjrk gSA

2- usr`Ro leUo; LFkkfir djus dh n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gSA dq'ky usr`Ro laxBu ds

lnL;ksa esa leUo; dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djrk gS vkSj mudh fØ;kvksa dks lefUor

djus ds fy, vko';d fodkl djrk gSaA

3- dq'ky usr`Ro gh izcU/k dks lkekftd izfØ;k ds :i esa ifjofrZr djrk gSaA

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4- izHkkoh usr`Ro ls laxBu dh lajpuk O;ofLFkr cuh jgrh gS rFkk fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡

izHkkoh rjhds ls fØ;kfUor dh tkrh gSA

5- dq'ky usr`Ro dk;Z lapkyu ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kkvksa dks nwj djds vf/kdkjh oxZ

dks Hkh lqfo/kk ,oa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA

6- dq'ky usr`Ro }kjk v/khuLFkksa esa ikjLifjd fo'okl ,oa ln~Hkkouk dk fodkl gksrk

gSA ifj.kkeLo:i muesa lewg Hkkouk dk fodkl gksrk gSA

7- dq'ky ,oa izHkkoh usr`Ro ds ek/;e ls v/khuLFkksa dk eukscy Å¡pk mBk;k tk ldrk

gS rFkk deZpkfj;ksa esa laxBu ds izfr viuRo dh Hkkouk dk fodkl fd;k tk ldrk

gSA

8- izcU/kd viuh usr`Ro {kerk ds ek/;e ls laLFkk esa dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa esa

vuq'kklu Hkh LFkkfir djrk gSA

iz'u-2- usr`Ro dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡ dkSulh gS\

What are the different styles of Leadership?

mÙkj- usr`Ro dh 'kSfy;k¡ (Styles of Leadership) : usr`Ro dh lkekU;r% nks izdkj dh 'kSyh

izpfyr gS& ,dra=h; usr`Ro vkSj tura=h; usr`RoA izFke izdkj dh 'kSyh ds vUrxZr

izcU/kd fujadq'k gksrk gS] tcfd tura=h; usr`Ro esa tu lg;ksx ds {kjk gh ;kstuk]

uhfr&fu/kkZj.k ,oa dk;kZs dk foHkktu fd;k tkrk gSA

izeq[k f'k{kk 'kkL=h ysfou] fyfiu ,oa OgkbV us rhu izdkj dh usrRo 'kSfy;ksa dk foospu

fd;k gS&

1- ,dra=h; usr`Ro (Autocratic Leadership) : bl izdkj ds 'kklu esa laLFkk dk ,d

O;fDr ftlds usr`Ro esa laLFkk dk lapkyu fd;k tkrk gS ogh losZlokZ gksrk gSA bl

'kklu esa usrk viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrk gSA vius v/khuLFkksa dk

dk;Z;kstuk esa lg;ksx ugha ysrkA og iz'kklfud dk;Z dh Lo;a igy djrk gS]

Hkfo"; dks fu;fU=r djrk gSA bl usr`Ro dks vf/kdkfjd usr`Ro Hkh dg ldrs gSA

2- yksdra=h; usr`Ro (Democratic Leadership) : 'kklu dks fodsfUnzr :i iznku djuk

yksdrkaf=d gSA bl izdkj ds 'kklu esa usr`RodrkZ rks ,d gksrk gS fdUrq og usr`Ro

vius v/khuLFkksa ds lg;ksx ls djrk gSA uhfr&fu/kkZj.k] ;kstuk] dk;Ziz.kkyh ,oa

ewY;kadu vkfn iz'kklfud dk;Z ijLij tulg;ksxls lEiUu fd;s tkrs gS] blesa ogh


lQy usr`Ro gksrk gS ftlesa v/khuLFkksa ds lg;ksx ,oa leUo; ls dk;Z ;kstuk dks

iw.kZ fd;k tkrk gSA blesa lHkh deZpkjh dk;Z viuh ftEesnkjh le> dj djrs gSA

bl usrRo esa lcls vf/kd ykHk v/khuLFk deZpkfj;ksa dks gksrk gS tks fofHkUu izdkj

ds dk;kZs dks djus ls uohu vuqHko izkIr djrs gSA

3- vgLr{ksih; usr`Ro (Laissez-Faire Leadership) : usr`Ro ghurk dh fLFkfr

vgLr{ksih; usr`Ro dgykrk gSA usrk Lora= fu.kZ; ugha ysrk gSA laLFkk ds lnL;

Lora= :i ls y{; ,oa dk;Z fof/k;ksa dks fu;fU=r djrs gSaA bl izdkj ds usrRo esa

lHkh deZpkjh viuh&viuh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSa ftlls usr`Ro vlQy gks tkrk

gSaA

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laLFkkxr fu;kstu

Institutional Planning

iz'u-1- laLFkkxr fu;kstu ls vki D;k le>rs gS\

What do you understand by Institutional Planning?

mÙkj- laLFkkxr fu;kstu dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Meaning and Definition of Institutional

Planning) : fdlh laLFkk }kjk fuf'pr lhek rd lapkfyr dh tkus okyh xfr fof/k;ksa

dk foLr`r fooj.k laLFkkxr fu;kstu dgykrk gSA blesa laLFkk ds ekuoh; ,oa HkkSfrd

lalk/kuksa] fØ;kdykiksa dh izfØ;k] laLFkk dh mUufr ,oa fodkl ;kstukvksa dks lfEefyr

fd;k tkrk gSaA

1- gsxeu vkSj lksgokVZ ds vuqlkj] **fu;kstu fodYiksa dk p;u djrk gS rFkk ;k=k

djus ls iwoZ jkLrk [kkstrk gS rFkk dk;kZsa dks lefUor ifj.kkeksa dh igpku djrk gS

tks fd vf/k'kklh rFkk mlds laxBu us djus Lohdk;Z fd;s gSA**

“Planning selects among alternatives, explores routes before travel begins and identities possible or probable outcomes of action before the executive and his organization is committed to any.” – Hagman and Sohwarts

2- ;stcy Msjj ds vuqlkj] **fu;kstu rkfdZd ,oa vkSipkfjd fØ;kvksa dk rU= gS

ftlds }kjk Hkfo"; ds lUnHkZ esa pqukSfr;ks] funsZ'kuksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;kssa dks ns[kk tkrk

gS] tks fd oSdfYid lk/kuksa ds }kjk lkFkZd y{;ksa dh izkfIr rFkk laxBu ds izHkkoh

:i ls dk;Z djus ,oa ekuoksa dh rRijrk c<+kus ds mís'; ls dh tkrh gSA**

“Planning has been defined as a process of preparing a set of decisions for action in the future directed at achieving goods by optimal means.” – Yehezbel Deror

laLFkkxr fu;kstu ds mís'; (Aims of Institutional Planning) :

1- laLFkk fu;kstu ds mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq lfØ; gksukA

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2- ekuoh; ,oa HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk vf/kdre mi;ksx }kjk fo|ky; dk xq.kkRed

fodkl djukA

3- jk"Vªh;Ñr ;kstukvksa dks laLFkk }kjk mfpr izdkj ls ykxw fd;k tkukA

4- laLFkk }kjk lkekftd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djukA

5- f'k{kd ,oa f'k{kkfFkZ;ks essa l`tukRed fodkl gsrw okrkoj.k rS;kj djukA

6- fo|ky; dh 'kSf{kd ,oa lg'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa dk lqfu;ksftr <ax ls vk;kstu

djukA

iz'u-2- laLFkkxr fu;kstu dh vko';drk ,oa egRo dks Li"V dhft,A

Explain the need and importance of Institutional Planning.

mÙkj- lekt esa f'k{kk dh fodkl uohu ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu djrk gSA lekt ds lkFk&lkFk

f'k{kk esa Hkh vusd ifjorZu vkrs jgrs gSA bu ifjorZuksaa ds vuqdwy fo|ky;ksa dks

izxfrxkeh cuk;s j[kus ds fy, laLFkkxr ;kstuk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA fo|ky; ,d

lkekftd laLFkk gS ftldh viuh ijEijk,¡ gksrh gS] viuh dk;Z fof/k gksrh gS rFkk

viuk fof'k"V okrkoj.k gksrk gSA blhfy, fo|ky; ;kstuk viuh LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa

ds vuqdwy vius leLr lk/kuksa dk vf/kdre mi;ksx djrs gq, fo|ky; Lrj ij gh

cukbZ tkuh pkfg,A izR;sd fo|ky; ds ikl ,slh viuh ;kstuk gksuh pkfg,A

fo|ky; esa laLFkk xr fu;kstu dh fuEufyf[kr vko';drk,¡ gS &

1- laLFkk dh y{; izkfIr blds fcuk vlEHko gSA

2- fo|ky; ds mís';ksa ds Li"Vhdj.k esa lg;ksx gsrqA

3- dk;kZs dh izkFkfedrk fuf'pr djus esaA

4- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dk fØ;kUo;u laLFkkxr fu;kstu ls gh lEHko gSA

5- laLFkk ds ekuoh; lalk/kuks ds lnqi;ksx ,oa mudh 'kSf{kd ,oa O;kolkf;d izxfr esa

lgk;rk gsrqA

6- laLFkk esa iztkrkfU=d okrkoj.k mRiUu djus gsrqA

7- fo|ky; dh 'kSf{kd izxfr ds ewY;kadu gsrqA

8- fo|ky; ds dk;kZs ds vuq:i mfpr le; ds foHkktu ds fy,A

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foÙkh; izcU/ku

Financial Management

iz'u-1- foÙkh; izcU/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gS\

What do you understand by the Financial Management?

vFkok

foÙkh; izcU/ku dh vo/kkj.kk D;k gS\

What is the concept of Financial Management?

mÙkj- foÙkh; izcU/ku dh vo/kkj.kk (Concept of Financial Management) : foÙk izcU/ku dk

eq[; {ks= laLFkk dh vk; dk ,d=hdj.k rFkk forj.k vk;&O;; dh ;kstuk cukuk]

laLFkk ds foÙkh; fLFkfr dh laj{kk vkfn fo"k;ksa dk v/;;u gSA blesa izk;% mu fØ;kvksa

dks fy;k tkrk gS ftudk lEcU/k ekuoh; lalk/kuksa ,oa HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa ij gksus okys

O;; ds fy, vko';d /kujkf'k ,df=r djus] mls lqjf{kr j[kus] [kpZ djus vkSj mudk

mfpr ys[kk tks[kk j[kus esa jgrk gSA dkSfVY; us dgk gS& **lHkh m|e foÙk ij fuHkZj

jgrs gSA vr% dks"kkxkj ij lokZf/kd /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A**

foÙkh; izcU/ku dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of Financial Management) :

fMekWd vkSj fMekWd ds vuqlkj] **foÙk fu/kkZj.k iz'kklfud batu ds fy, rsy dh iwfrZ ds

leku gSA**

QSfyDl ,- uhxzks ds vuqlkj] **laLFkk }kjk fd;s tkus okys izR;sd dk;Z ds fy, /ku dh

vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj og brus lkjs dk;Z djrh gS fd ;g vko';d gks x;k gS fd

foÙkh; izcU/ku esa Bhd fl)kUr rFkk rduhds iz;qDr dh tk;saA**

foÙkh; izcU/ku ds mís'; (Objectives of financial management) :

fiQuj us foÙkh; izcU/k ds fuEu izeq[k mís'; fuf'pr fd;s gaS &

1- ctV cukuk

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2- ctV dh fo/kk;h vuqefr

3- ctV dh fØ;kfUofr

4- foÙk dk jktdks"k }kjk izcU/k

5- fo/kk;h mÙkjnkf;Ro

foÙkh; izcU/ku ds fl)kUr (Principles of financial management) :

1- izHkko'kkyh fu;U=.k

2- foÙkh; vfHkdj.k dh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djuk

3- foÙkh; laxBu dh ,dhdj.k

4- ljyrk

foÙkh; izcU/ku dh vko';drk,¡ (Needs of financial management) :

1- laLFkk dh vk;&O;; ls lEcfU/kr foÙkh; ;kstuk fuekZ.k djus gsrqA

2- laLFkk ds HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa ds Ø; ,oa j[k j[kko gsrqA

3- laLFkk ds ekuoh; lalk/kuksa ds osru gsrqA

4- laLFkk esa deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr gsrqA

5- f'k{kk esa xq.kkRed lq/kkj gsrqA

6- laLFkk ds midj.kksa o vU; lkexzh dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, foÙkh; izcU/ku dh

vko';drk gksrh gSaA

7- f'k{kdksa ds 'kSf{kd mUu;u gsrqA

8- iz'kklfud {kerk esa o`f) gsrq vko';d fu;eksa ,oa lsokvksa dks lqxe cukus gsrqA

9- laLFkk esa Hkfo"; dh foÙkh; vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrqA

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fo/kky; ctV

School Budget

iz'u-1- fo|ky; ctV dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A ctV dk fuekZ.k fdl izdkj djrs gS\

Define the School Budget? How to prepare a Budget?

vFkok

**lUrqfyr ctV iz'kklu dh lQyrk gSA** foosfpr dhft,A

"Balanced Budget is essential for the success of Administration.", Justify this statement.

mÙkj- foÙkh; lk/kuksa dk rkRi;Z *ctV* ls gS vkSj *ctV* ls rkRi;Z laLFkk ds vk;&O;; ds

lqfu;ksftr foÙk izcU/ku ls gSA **O;; dh lhek vk; dk lk/ku** vkfn ctV esa fuf’pr

fd;s tkrs gSaA

fo|ky; ctV dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of School Budget) :

XysMLVksu ds vuqlkj] **ctV dsoy xf.kr ds vk¡dM+s ek= ugha gS] fdUrq ;g gtkjksa

O;fDr;ksa dh le`f)] fofHkUu oxkZsa ds ikjLifjd lEcU/kksa rFkk jkT; dh 'kfDr dk ewy

gSA**

lsjkW; O;wfy;ksa ds vuqlkj] **ctV ,d fuf'pr vof/k ds vUrxZr gksus okyh vuqekfur

izkfIr;ksa rFkk [kpkZs dk ,d fooj.k gSA**

ctV 'kCn Ýsap Hkk"kk ds **cwtV** 'kCn ls fu"iUu gSA ftldk vFkZ gS *peM+s dk FkSyk*A

lu~ 1733 esa fczfV'k ea=h lj jkWcVZ okyiksy us bldk iz;ksx fd;kA

ctV dks fufeZr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr pj.k fu/kkZfjr gS (Steps followed in

Budget Making) :

1- fo|ky; dh vko'drkvksa dh lwph rS;kj djukA

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2- vkdfLed O;; dh O;oLFkkA

3- vk;&O;; dk larqfyr ys[kk rS;kj djukA

4- ctV dk vafre Lo:iA

5- iz'kkldksa }kjk ctV dh LohÑfrA

6- fo|ky; esa ctV dk fØ;kUo;uA

ctV dks iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk dk ân; dgk tkrk gS] tks laLFkk dh fofHkUu fØ;kdykiksa

,oa foHkkxksa esa leUo; LFkkfir djus ds ,d 'kfDr'kkyh midj.k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk

gS rFkk /ku dh cckZnh dks jksdrk gSA

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Ikz/kkuk/;kid dh fo/kky; esa Hkwfedk

The Role of the Head Master in the School

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd usr`Ro ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ usrk ds fofHkUu xq.kksa dk foospu dhft,A

What do you mean by Educational Leadership? Discuss the various qualities of a Leader.

vFkok

,d izHkko'kkyh usrk ds D;k&D;k xq.k gksus pkfg,\

What characteristics should be in an effective Leader?

mÙkj- 'kSf{kd usr`Ro (Educational Leadership) : 'kSf{kd usr`Ro ls rkRi;Z 'kSf{kd lewg esa

mlds usrk ds 'kSf{kd O;ogkjksa ds lefUor :i esa dh tkrh gSA usr`Ro dks vaxzsth esa

yhMj'khi dgk tkrk gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS *one who to guide or one who to

be chief' vFkkZr~ og tks usr`Ro nsA vFkkZr~ ,d O;fDr ;k lewg }kjk vU; O;fDr;ksa dks

fu/kkZfjr y{; dh vksj ys tkuk gh usr`Ro gSA

ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definition) :

1- dqUl vkSj vks- Msfu;y ds vuqlkj] **fdlh mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq lEizs"k.k ds ek/;e

}kjk O;fDr;ksa dks izHkkfor dj ldus dh ;ksX;rk gh usr`Ro dgykrh gSA**

“Leadership may be defined as the ability to exact interpersonal influenced by means of communication towards the achievement of a good.”– Koons and O. Donnell

2- tktZ Vsjh ds vuqlkj] **usr`Ro O;fDr;ksa dks ikjLifjd mís';ksa ds fy, LosfPNd

iz;Ru djus gsrq izHkkfor djus dh ;ksX;rk gSA**

“The activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives.” – George Terry

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3- LVksxMhy ds vuqlkj] **usrRo ,d laxfBr lewg dk y{; fu/kkZj.k ,oa y{; izkfIr

dks izHkkfor djus dh izfØ;k gSA**

“Leadership may be considered as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards setting goal achievement.” – Stogdill

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd usr`Ro og izfØ;k gS] ftlds

}kjk dk;Zdkjh] vf/kdkjh nwljs O;fDr;ksa ds dk;kZs] laxBu rFkk O;fDr nksuks ds chp

e/;LFkrk djds] fof'k"V y{;ksa dks pquus rFkk mUgsa ikus esa foosdiw.kZ <ax ls fusnZs'k nsrk

gS] iFk&izn'kZu djrk gS rFkk izHkkfor djrk gSA

usr`Ro ¼usrk½ ds xq.k (Qualities of a Leader) : usr`Ro xq.kksa dk og la;kstu gS] ftlds

gksus ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vU; yksxksa ls dqN djkus dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gSA usrk }kjk

iznf'kZr fd;s tkus okys xq.k fuEufyf[kr gS &

1- mPp LokLF;] O;fDrxr 'kfDr rFkk 'kkjhfjd {kerk ;k lgu'kfDrA

2- tks'khyk ,oa mRlkgh rFkk vkRefo'oklA

3- vPNh lkekU; rdZ 'kfDr ,oa fopkj] vko';d lwpukvksa ds vko';d rRoksa dks rqjUr

le>us dh ;ksX;rk rFkk Kku dk mi;ksx djus dh {kerkA

4- lR;fu"Brk] uSfrd dÙkZO; dk cks/k rFkk fu"i{kA

5- izHkkoiw.kZ rFkk fo'okl izkIr djus dh leFkZrkA

6- dÙkZO;fu"Brk ,oa leiZ.kA

Stogdill us usr`Ro ds fuEu xq.k crk;s gS &

1- lkekftdrk (Sociability) 2. igy djuk (Initiative)

3. dk;Z esa yxs jguk (Persistency) 4. vkRefo'okl (Self Confidence)

5. lko/kkuh j[kuk (Alertness) 6. [;kfr (Popularity)

7. ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i <+yuk (Adaptability) 8. okd~iVqrk (Verbal Facility)

Myers us bl fn'kk esa 200 ls vf/kd v/;;uksa dk fo'ys"k.k djds fuEu fu"d"kZ izkIr

fd, &

1- vUrn`f"V (Insight) 2. igy djuk (Initiative)

3. lg;ksx djuk (Cooperation) 4. egÙokdka{kh (Ambition)

5. laosxkRed fLFkjrk (Emotional Stability) 6. yksdfiz;rk (Popularity)

7. ekSfydrk (Originality) 8. yxkrkj yxs jguk (Persistence)


9. fu.kZ; 'kfDr (Judgment)

10. lEizs"k.k dkS'ky (Communication Skill)

Terry ds vuqlkj fuEu xq.k usr`Ro dks izHkkfor djrs gS &

1- laosxkRed fLFkjrk (Emotional Stability)

2- ekuoh; lEcU/kksa dh le> (Knowledge of human relations)

3- O;fDrxr vfHkizsj.kk (Personal motivation)

4- dkS'kykRed lEizs"k.k (Skillful Communication)

5- lkekftd dkS'ky (Social Skill)

6- rduhdh lkeF;Z (Technical Competence)

Barnad ds vuqlkj usr`Ro ds xq.kksa ds vUrxZr fuEu xq.k vkrs gS &

1- LQwfrZ rFkk lgu'khyrk (Vitality and endurance)

2- uSfrd nkf;Ro dk cks/k (A sense of moral responsibility)

3- ckSf)d {kerk (Intellectual Capacity)

4- nwljksa dk fo'okl thrus dh {kerk (Persuasiveness)

5- igy djus dh izo`fÙk (An initiative Propensity)

6- j.kuhfr r; djuk (A sense of strategy)

7- lgu 'kfDr ;k ekufld fLFkjrk (A sense of Composure)

8- fu"i{krk dk cks/k (A sense of fairness)

9- O;fDr dk ewY;kadu djus dh ;ksX;rk (The ability to evaluate people)

10- mfpr fu.kZ; (Good Judgment)

fu"d"kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd dsoy ckSf)d {kerk ;k 'kkjhfjd fo'ks"krk,¡ ,d

O;fDr dks lewg esa izfr"Bk iznku djrh gS oju~ mlds vkUrfjd xq.k] mldk O;ogkj]

mldk dk;Z djus dk rjhdk rFkk mldk lkekftd n`f"Vdks.k usr`Ro ds fy, T;knk

egRoiw.kZ gSA

iz'u-2- laLFkkxr fu;kstu esa iz/kkuk/;kid dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ gSA foosfpr dhft,A

Role of Headmaster in Institutional Planning is important. Discuss it.

mÙkj- iz/kkuk/;kid vius fo|ky; dk eq[kkSVk gksrk gSA fo|ky; esa mldh dsaUnzh; fLFkfr gksrh

gSA iz/kkuk/;kid vius O;fDrRo] dk;Z fu"Bk ,oa lw>cw> ls fo|ky; dks fodkl dh vksj

ys tkrk gSaA


ftl izdkj ds O;fDrRo dk iz/kkuk/;kid gksxk] mlh ds vuq:i 'kkyk dk okrkoj.k

curk gSA 'kkyk dh mUufr o voufr mlh dh 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk] dk;Z{kerk rFkk vuqHko

ij gh fuHkZj djrh gSA

iz/kkuk/;kid dk fo|ky; esa LFkku ,oa egRo (The place and significance of the

Headmaster in the school) : iz/kkuk/;kid lEi.kZ fo|ky; dh izxfr lzksr gSA fo|ky;

esa ,drk cuk;s j[kus] fo|ky; ijEijkvksa dks thfor cuk;s j[kus rFkk fo|ky; dks

izxfr ds ekxZ ij ys tkus ds fy, iz/kkuk/;kid ,d izeq[k 'kfDr ds :i esas dk;Z djrk

gSaA fo|ky; dh leLr fØ;k,¡ mlds pkjksa vksj pDdj yxkrh gSaA

ih- lh- jsu ds vuqlkj] **?kM+h esa tks eq[; fLizax dk dke djrk gS] rFkk e'khu esa tks

ifg;s dk LFkku gS] vFkok ikuh ds tgkt esa tks batu dk LFkku gS] fo|ky; esa ogh

LFkku iz/kkuk/;kid dk gSA**

,l- ,u- eq[kthZ ds vuqlkj] **iz/kkuk/;kid dh fo|ky; esa ogh mifLFkfr gS tks lsuk esa

lsukifr ;k uko ij ukfod dh gksrh gSA**

fo|ky; ;kstuk rFkk iz/kkuk/;kid dh Hkwfedk (Institutional planning & role of the

Headmaster) : fo|ky; ;kstuk dh lQyrk esa fo|ky; iz/kkuk/;kid dks fuEufyf[kr

ckrksa ij /;ku nsuk pkfg, &

1- ;kstuk dk izkjEHk : dksbZ Hkh ;kstuk ;fn iz/kkuk/;kid ds }kjk iw.kZ bPNk 'kfDr ls

'kq: gksrh gS] LVkQ dk lg;ksx bl ;kstuk esa Lor% gh fey tkrk gSA ,d dq'ky

iz'kkld }kjk u, iz;ksx esa igy dj] vius usr`Ro dk ifjp; nsuk ijeko';d gSA

2- lHkh f'k{kdksa dk ;kstukvksa esa izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k lg;ksx : ,d dq'ky iz/kkuk/;kid

dks nksuks esa mfpr lUrqyu cuk, j[kdj f'k{kdksa dh {kerk ,oa ;ksX;rkvksa ds

vuq:i dk;Z iznku dj ;kstukvksa esa yxkuk pkfg, rkfd og Hkh Lor% mu ;kstukvksa

ds lkFk tqM+ tk, vkSj os ;kstukvksa dh fØ;kfUofr esa ck/kd fl) u gksaA

3- ifjorZudkjh e/;LFk dh Hkwfedk : iz/kkuk/;kid fo|ky; ds fodkl rFkk y{;

fuf'pr djrk gSA uokpkjkssa dks fo|ky; esa vkjksfir djrk gS rFkk xfr nsrk gSA

vko';drkuqlkj ekxZn'kZu nsrk gS rFkk ckâ vfHkdj.kksa dks lg;ksx izkIr djrk gSA

;kstuk dh xfr] vojks/k vkfn dk mls gh lokZf/kd Kku gksrk gSA vr% og ,d

dq'ky ifjorZudkjh e/;LFk dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA

4- ;kstuk dh fØ;kfUofr ds fy, mfpr i;kZoj.k : fdlh Hkh fo|ky; dk;ZØe ij

fo|ky; i;kZoj.k dk vR;Ur izHkko iM+rk gSA ,d fo|ky; ds vPNs i;kZoj.k

fuekZ.k esa iz/kkuk/;kid dh izeq[k Hkwfedk gksrh gSaA gkWfYiu us usr`Ro esa igys ekuoh;


lEcU/kksa ij fodkl] LVkQ ds lkFk feydj dk;Z rFkk 'kSf{kd ;k ijh{kk ifj.kkeksa ij

vkSlr /;ku nsus okys iz/kkuk/;kid dks muds fo|ky;h i;kZoj.k dk l`tudÙkkZ ekuk

gSA vr% iz/kkuk/;kid ds fy, fo|ky; i;kZoj.k fuekZ.k ds rF;ksa ij iz/kkuk/;kid

dks /;ku nsuk pkfg,A

5- ;kstuk ds fy, vko';d lalk/ku tqVkuk : iz/kkuk/;kid dks tkuuk pkfg, fd dqN

dk;Z fcuk lalk/kuksa ds lEikfnr ugha fd;s tk ldrsA vr% ;kstukuq:i foÙkh;

midj.k] le;] LFkku vkfn iznku dj ;kstuk dks lQy cukus dk ekxZ iz'kLr

djuk pkfg,A

6- ;ksX;] ifjJeh rFkk lQy lapkyu djus okys f'k{kdksa dks mfpr iqjLdkj : izR;sd

O;fDr dh dqN euksoSKkfud vko';drk,¡ Hkh gksrh gSA ,sls f'k{kd tks ;kstuk dh

fØ;kfUofr esa lefiZr gS] vPNs ifj.kke ns jgs gS] muds dk;Z dks ekU;rk nh tkuh

pkfg, rFkk vko';drkuqlkj ;ksX; ,oa l{ke vf/kdkjh ls iqjLÑr djkuk pkfg,A

□ □ □


fujh{k.k dk vFkZ

Meaning of Inspection

iz'u-1- fujh{k.k dk vFkZ rFkk mís'; Li"V dhft,A

Define the meaning & objectives of Inspection.

mÙkj- fujh{k.k dk vFkZ (Meaning of Inspection) : fdlh Hkh O;fDr }kjk fd;s x;s dk;kZs dh

tk¡p djuk gh fujh{k.k gSA vFkkZr~ ,d fo|kFkhZ dks tks x`gdk;Z fn;k tkrk gS] mldk

fo"k; v/;kid }kjk tk¡p djuk fujh{k.k dk dk;Z dgykrk gSA blh izdkj fo|ky; dh

'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa dh tk¡p mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk djuk Hkh fujh{k.k ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA

nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd fdlh Hkh {ks= esa fdlh Hkh Js.kh ds O;fDr }kjk

laikfnr fd;s x;s dk;kZs dk ewY;kadu djuk gh fujh{k.k gSA

ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Defination) :

cVZu ds vuqlkj] **f'k{kk txr esa tc dHkh 'kSf{kd n`f"V ls mUufr djuk gh gekjk

mís'; gks rks ;g fujh{k.k dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA**

okbYl fdEcky ds vuqlkj] ** fujh{k.k ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS ftlesa fuxjkuh j[krs gq,

dk;Z djus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k tkrk gSA**

ek/;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx Williom A. Yeager, "In overview the true role of an inspector for whom we would prefer the term educational adviser is to study the problem of each school, to take a comprehensive view of all its functions and to help the teacher to carry out his advise and recommendations."

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa dk fo'ys"k.kkRed v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij fujh{k.k ds lEcU/k esa

fuEukafdr rF;kRed fcUnq Li"V gksrs gS &

1- fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh tk¡p djuk fujh{k.k gSA

v/;k;&14

C


2- fdlh Hkh {ks= esa pkgs tks Hkh dk;Z fd;s x;s gks mudh bl izdkj ns[kjs[k djuk fd

os fu/kkZfjr ekin.M ds vuqlkj lEikfnr fd;s x;s gS vFkok ugha] ;g Hkh fujh{k.k

dgykrk gSA

3- fdlh Hkh O;fDr }kjk fd;s x;s dk;kZs dk ewY;kadu djuk gh fujh{k.k gSaA

fujh{k.k ds mís'; (Objectives of inspection) :

1- fo|ky; ds izf'kf{kr ,oa ;ksX; v/;kidksa ds dk;kZs dh tk¡p blfy, dh tkrh gS fd

muds dk;Z vkSj vPNs cusa] muesa xq.koÙkk vk;s vkSj ,d vPNs f'k{kd vkSj loZJs"B

f'k{kk dk fodkl gks ldsA

2- v/;kidksa dh dk;Z {kerk vkSj dq'kyrk esa o`f) djus rFkk mfpr ekxZn'kZukFkZ Hkh

fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

3- fo|ky;ksa esa ikB~;Øe fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, Hkh fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

4- fujh{k.k ds ek/;e ls fu;ferrk] dÙkZO;fu"Bk] bZekunkjh vkSj lekurk dk fl)kUr

bR;kfn uSfrd ewY;ksa dk tUe gksrk gSA

5- fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds v/;kid dh ;ksX;rkuqlkj Kku feyus dh laHkkouk,¡ c<+ tkrh gSA

iz'u-2- i;Zos{k.k ,oa fujh{k.k ds e/; D;k vUrj gS\

What are the difference between Supervision and Inspection?

mÙkj-

Øekad vk/kkj fujh{k.k i;Zos{k.k

1- vFkZ fujh{k.k dsoy rF;kRed

tkudkjh izLrqr djrk gSA i;Zos{k.k ifjfLFkfr dh okLrfod

tkudkjh izkIr dj lq>ko izLrqr

djrk gSaA

2- dk;Z v/;kidksa dh vkykspuk f'k{kdkas ds 'kS{kf.kd Lrj esa lq/kkj

djukA

3- dk;Z dk

mís';

dk;Z dk izfrosnu izLrqr djukA fo|ky;ksa dh 'kSf{kd mUufr ds fy;s

iz;kl djukA

4- n`f"Vdks.k n`f"Vdks.k vkykspukRed gksrk

gSA

n`f"Vdks.k lq/kkjkRed gksrk gSA

5- izÑfr fujh{k.k dh izÑfr vf/kdkfjd

;k fu;a=kRed gksrh gSA

i;Zos{k.k dh izÑfr iztkrkfU=d ;k

lg;ksxkRed gksrh gSA


6- lEcU/k fujh{kd ,oa O;fDr;ksa ds e/;

'kkld ,oa 'kkflr ds lEcU/k

gksrs gSA

i;Zos{kd rFkk O;fDr;ksa ds e/;

lekurk ;k fe=rk ds lEcU/k

LFkkfir gksrs gSA

7- usr`Ro fujh{k.k esa usr`Ro dk vHkko gksrk

gSA

i;Zos{k.k usr`Ro ds }kjk gh lEHko gSA

8- okrkoj.k fujh{k.k Hk;;qDr okrkoj.k dk

fuekZ.k djrk gSA

i;Zos{k.k lgk;rk ,oa eqDrokrkoj.k

esa gh lEHko gks ldrk gSA

9- Hkwfedk fujh{k.k O;fDrfu"B gksrk gS tks

fujh{kd ,oa f'k{kd ds e/;

gksrk gSA

i;Zos{k.k ,d lkewfgd iz;kl gS]

ftlesa i;Zos{kd] f'k{kd] vfHkHkkod]

f'k{kkFkhZ lHkh Hkkx ysrs gSA

10- Hkkouk ewY;kadu djuk dq'ky rduhdh lsok miyC/k djkukA

□ □ □


'kSf{kd Ik;Zos{k.k

Educational Supervision

iz'u-1- i;Zos{k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ i;Zos{k.k fdrus izdkj dk gksrk gS\

What do you understand by Supervision? How many types of the Supervision?

mÙkj- i;Zos{k.k dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Meaning & Definition of Supervision) : i;Zos{k.k dk

ewy vFkZ laLÑr Hkk"kk esa fufgr gS bldh fu"ifÙk ifj $ oh{k $ ";u 'kCnksa ls gqbZ gSA

oh{k.k 'kCn dk vFkZ gS *ns[kus dh fØ;k* rFkk ifj dk vFkZ gS] *vPNh rjg ;k fu;e lsA*

bldh izdkj fujh{k.k 'kCn fuj~ ,oa bZ{k.k 'kCn ls fu"iUu gSA bZ{k.k~ 'kCn dk Hkh vFkZ gS

n'kZu] ns[kuk ;k tk¡p djukA

'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k ds }kjk fo|ky; dh vkarfjd ,oa ckâ fØ;kdykiksa dk lgh ,oa mfpr

ewY;kadu dj ldrs gSa rFkk mfpr ekxZ n'kZu ds }kjk izksRlkgu nsdj dk;Z dks lQy

cuk;k tkrk gSA ;g ikB~;Øe] f'k{k.k fof/k;k¡] fl)kUr] fu;e] ewY;kadu ds lkFk

ekuoh; ,oa HkkSfrd laLkk/kuksa dks mfpr ekxZn'kZu nsdj ldkjkRed fn'kk esa c<+us esa

lgk;rk djrk gSA

ifjHkk"kk,sa (Definition) :

,MEl rFkk fMDdh ds vuqlkj] **i;Zos{k.k f'k{k.k ds fodkl dk lqfu;ksftr dk;ZØe gSA**

psLVj Vh- esdkuhZ ds vuqlkj] **i;Zos{k.k f'k{k.k izfØ;k dk funsZ'ku djus rFkk

vkykspukRed ewY;kadu djus dh ,d fof/k gSA lEiw.kZ i;Zos{k.k dk vfUre mís'; Nk=ksa

dh lHkh Lrjksa ij mÙke 'kSf{kd lsok;sa miyC/k djkuk gksuk pkfg,A**

"Supervision is an expert service primarily concerned with studying and improving the conditions that surround learning and pupil growth." - Bar, Buton, Brackner

v/;k;&15

C


"Supervision is now conceived as a process which has for its purpose the general improvement of the total teaching learning situations." - William A. Yeager

i;Zos{k.k ds izdkj (Types of the Supervision) : lkekU;r;k i;Zos{k.k ds :i nks izdkj

ls ifjyf{kr gksrs gS &

1- O;fDrxr i;Zos{k.k (Individual Supervision) : O;fDrxr {ks= esa i;Zos{k.k nks izdkj

ls fd;k tkrk gS] izFke ,d O;fDr dk fd;k tkus okyk fujh{k.k] nwljk ,d O;fDr

}kjk fd;k tkus okyk fujh{k.kA izFke izdkj ds {ks= esa ,d O;fDr ls lEcfU/kr

leL;kvksa ,oa mlds fØ;k dykiksa ij fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA leL;k ds lek/kku

ds mik; crk;s tkrs gSA

2- laLFkkxr i;Zos{k.k (Institutional Supervision) : ;g laLFkk ij fd;k tkus okyk

fujh{k.k gSA laLFkk esa fu/kkZfjr ekinaMksa ,oa ekun.Mksa dh iwfrZ dgk¡ rd gS\ dh tk¡p

laLFkkxr i;Zos{k.k esa dh tkrh gSA ;g i;Zos{k.k lqfu;ksftr ,oa O;kid Lrj ij

fd;s tkrs gSA bl izdkj dh i;Zos{k.k iSuy lnL;ksa ds lewg ds }kjk fd;k tkrk

gSA iSuy dh jpuk fof/kor ,oa fu;ekuqlkj dh tkrh gSA blesa lkr lnL; gksrs gSA

3- funsZ'kkRed i;Zos{k.k (Instructional Supervision) : bl i;Zos{k.k esa vkKk] funsZ'k

,oa fu;eksa ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA blesa iwoZ fu;ksftr fØ;kUo;u ij vR;f/kd cy

fn;k tkrk gSA i;Zos{kd fu/kkZfjr ekin.Mksa ds vk/kkj ij f'k{k.k dh lQyrk dks

vk¡drk gSA

4- fu;U=.kkRed i;Zos{k.k (Controlled Supervision) : laLFkk esa dk;Zjr vf/kdkfj;ksa

f'k{kdksa ,oa vU; deZpkfj;ksa dh oLrqfLFkfr ds vuqlkj ,oa leL;k lek/kku ds fy,

fd;k tkus okyk i;Zos{k.k fu;a=.kkRed gksrk gSA

5- yksdrU=kRed i;Zos{k.k (Demkcratic Supervision) : bl i;Zos{k.k dks lg;ksxh

i;Zos{k.k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blesa lHkh lEc) O;fDr ijLij lg;ksx ls lEl;ks ds

funku esa lg;ksx nsrs gSA turU=h; ewY; i;Zos{k.k dk vk/kkj gS] ftlesa gj f'k{kd

ls viuh {kerkvksa o ;ksX;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izHkkoh f'k{k.k ,oa

ekxZn'kZu dh vis{kk gSA

6- oSKkfud i;Zos{k.k (Scientific Supervision) : ;g i;Zos{k.k Øec)] oS/k vkSj

fo'oluh; gSA i;Zos{k.k dh rduhdsaa] vk/kqfud ,oa oSKkfud fl)kUrksa ij vk/kkfjr

gksrh gSA

v¸;j us bl i;Zos{k.k ds lUnHkZ esa dgk gS fd **oSKkfud i;Zos{k.k og gS ftlesa

vuqns'kksa ds lq/kkj ds fy;s ekius ;ksX; fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA**


yphykiu

oLrqfu"Brk

bl js[kkfp= ls Li"B gksrk gS fd oSKkfud i;Zos{k.k ds fy, iwoZ ;kstuk

vko';drkuqlkj fof/k;ksa ,oa dk;Ziz.kkyh esa yphykiu] fo"k;oLrq ds ijh{k.k ds fy,

oLrqfu"Brk rFkk leqfpr ewY;kadu fof/k;ksa dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,A

iz'u-2- 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k dh vko';drk ,oa egRo dks Li"V dhft,A

Explain the need and importance of Educational Supervision.

mÙkj- i;Zos{k.k (Supervision) : i;Zos{k.k ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS] ftlds vUrxZr f'k{kd ,oa

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds e/; lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk gSA i;Zos{k.k 'kCn

vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds 'kCn Supervision dk fgUnh :ikUrkj gSA Super dk vFkZ gS mPp ,oa

vision dk vFkZ gksrk gS n`f"V tks fo|ky; dks xfr iznku djds fodkl dh vksj mUeq[k

dj ldsA

fdEcky ds vuqlkj] **ifjfujh{k.k ,d mÙke f'k{k.k vf/kxe ifjfLFkfr ds fodkl esa

lgk;rk nsrk gSA**

“Supervision is an assistance in the development of a better teaching learning situation.”

– Kimbal

'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k dh vko';drk ,oa egRo (Need and importance of Educational

Supervision) :

1- 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k uofu;qDr f'k{kdksa ds lek;kstu djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA

2- f'k{kdksa dh vusd O;kolkf;d leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k djus esa i;Zos{k.k lgk;d

gksrk gSA

3- 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k fo|ky; esa LoLFk okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA

4- 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k O;kolkf;d usr`Ro iznku dj mudh {kerkvksa dk vf/kdre mi;ksx

djus ds fy, vko';d gSA

fu;kst

u

ewY;kad

u


5- mfpr ekuoh; lEcU/kksa dk fodkl dk f'k{kdksa esa Vhe Hkkouk dk fodkl djrk gSA

6- f'k{kdksa esa mÙkjnkf;Ro ogu djus dh Hkkouk l`tukRedrk dks izsfjr dj mudk

O;kolkf;d fodkl djus gsrq vko';d gSA

7- izf'k{k.k esa jg x;s vHkkoksa dks nwj djrs gq, muds dk;Z ds izfr vko';d n`f"Vdks.k

,oa nkf;Ro cks/k dk fodkl djus gsrq vko';d gSA

8- d{kk f'k{k.k dks izHkko'kkyh rFkk jkspd cukus ds fy, 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k dh

vko';drk gSA

9- f'k{k.k esa uohu fof/k;ksa] izfof/k;ksa] lgk;d lkexzh vFkkZr dq'ky rduhdh lgk;rk

iznku djus gsrq i;Zos{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

10- mÙke f'k{k.k vf/kxe ifjfLFkfr;ksa gsrq mfpr O;oLFkk djus gsrq i;Zos{k.k dh

vko';drk gksrh gSaA

□ □ □


fo/kky; gsrq lqfo/kk,sa rFkk lsok,sa

Infrastructure Facilities of School

iz'u-1- ek/;fed fo|ky; ds fy;s fdl izdkj dh lqfo/kkvksa rFkk lsokvksa dh vko';drk gksrh

gS\ la{ksi esa fcUnqokj O;k[;k dhft,A

What type of facilities and services are essential for the Secondary School? Discuss in brief point wise.

mÙkj- fo|ky; dh vk/kkjHkwr laxBukRed lqfo/kk,¡ (Infrastructural Facilities of School) :

fo|ky; la;a= esa nks izdkj ds lalk/kuks dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nksuks ds mi;qDr

leUo; ls vf/kdre lQyrk izkIr dh tk ldrh gS] tks bl izdkj gS &

ekuoh; lalk/ku : iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh] iz/kkuk/;kid] v/;kid] Nk=] vfHkHkkod vkSj

lekt ds izfrf"Br O;fDr }kjk mudh ;ksX;rk ,oa {kerk ds vuq:i HkkSfrd lalk/kuks dk

mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ekuoh; lalk/kuks dh vdq'kyrk] vO;kogkfjdrk ,oa v{kerk ls

vPNs ls vPNs HkkSfrd lalk/ku Hkh O;FkZ fl) gks ldrs gSA

HkkSfrd lalk/ku : buds vUrxZr fo|ky; Hkou] iz;ksx'kkyk] iqLrdky;] ØhM+kax.k]

fo|ky; midj.k ,oa Nk=kokl vkfn vkrs gSA ftudh fdlh Hkh vPNs laxBu dks

vko';drk gksrh gSA

fo|ky; midj.kks dk vFkZ (Meaning of School Equipments) : fo|ky; midj.kksa esa

lgk;d f'k{k.k lkexzh ds lkFk&lkFk QuhZpj dh Hkh LFkku vkrk gSaA vr% ,d ek/;fed

fo|ky; gsrq fuEufyf[kr midj.kksa dh vko';drk gS &

1- QuhZpj 2- lgk;d ¼vf/kxe½ lkexzh

3- ,sfPNd fo"k;ksa ds fy, 4- iqLrdky; ,oa okpuky; d{k gsrq

5- f'k{kd d{k gsrq 6- dk;kZy; d{k gsrq

v/;k;&16

C


7- iz/kkuk/;kid d{k gsrq 8- [ksydwn lkexzh

9- tyxg gsrq

10- fofo/k : fo|ky; esa lg'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa dk cksMZ ds fu;ekuqlkj vk;kstu fd;k

tkuk vko';d gSA vr% fofHkUu ikB~; lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds fy, vko';d midj.kksa dh

O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,] tSls & ckypj laLFkk ds fy;s Hkze.k gsrq VS.V] Hkkstu idkus ds

fy, crZu vkfnA

fo|ky; lekt dk y?kq :i gSA fo|ky; lekt dk izfrfcEc gksrk gSA vr% ,d lekt

dks le;kuqlkj ftu midj.kksa dh fofo/k vk;kstuksa esa vko';drk vuqHko gksrh gS] mlh

izdkj fo|ky; esa Hkh fofo/k izdkj ds midj.kksa dh le;≤ ij vko';drk iM+rh

gSA

□ □ □


fo/kky; le;&lkj.kh

Financial Management

iz'u-1- fo|ky; le;&lkj.kh rS;kj djrs le; fdu&fdu fl)kUrksa dks /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,\

What principles should be kept in mind while preparing School Time-Table?

mÙkj- fo|ky; ds dk;Z dks lqpk: :i ls pykus ds fy, fo|ky; ds dk;Z dh ,d foLrr

;kstuk dk gksuk vko';d gS] ftlls fo|ky; ds izfrfnu ds fu/kkZfjr le; dk izR;sd

fo"k;] fØ;kvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ds fy, Bhd izdkj ls foHkktu gksA ;fn fo|ky; ds

le; dk vlaxr <ax ls foHkktu fd;k tk,] rks fo|ky; ds leLr dk;kZs esa vjktdrk

QSy tk;sxhA

le;&lkj.kh cukrs le; fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks ges'kk /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, &

1- dkyka'kks dh vof/k (Duration of the Period)

2- dkyka'kks dk Øe (Order of Periods)

3- fo"k; dk Øe (Order of Subject)

4- e/;kUrj dk izko/kku (Provision of Recess)

5- lIrkg ds fnuksa dk /;ku j[kuk (Days of the Week kept in Consideration)

6- ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds dkyka'k dk izko/kku (Provision of Co- curricular

Activity Period)

7- lalk/kuks dh miyC/krk (Availability of Resources)

8- fLFkjrk ,oa yphykiu (Elasticity)

v/;k;&17

C


9- v/;kid fjDr dkyka'k (Vacant Period) dh O;oLFkk djukA

10- iw.kZrk ,oa Li"Vrk

fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd ,d lqO;ofLFkr le; foHkkx pØ dk;Z dks u dsoy xfr iznku djrk

gS oju~ LQwfrZ iznku djrk gSA

□ □ □


ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;k,sa

Co-curricular Activities

iz'u-1- fo|ky; esa ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds mís';ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

Describe the main propose of the organizing Co-curricular Activities in School.

vFkok

ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa dh fo|ky; esa D;k lkFkZdrk gS\

What is the significance of Co-curricular Activities in School?

mÙkj- ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;k,¡ (Co-curricular Activities) : izkphudky esa f'k{kk dk {ks= vR;Ur

lhfer Fkk] og Ldwy rd gh lhfer Fkh vkSj ogk¡ ij Hkh fo"k;ksa dks i<+kus ij gh /;ku

fn;k tkrk FkkA vkt f'k{kk dk mís'; ckyd dk lokZxha.k fodkl djuk gS] ftlesa

'kkjhfjd] ekufld] HkkokRed vkSj lkekftd fodkl vkfn dks fy;k tkrk gSA bl :i

esa ikB~;fØ;kvksa ds lkFk&lkFk vU; fØ;k,¡ Hkh ckyd ds O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa vko';d

gksrh gSa] bUgsa ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;k,¡ dgrs gSA

gjcVZ LisUlj ds vuqlkj] **ckyd esa vfrfjDr ÅtkZ gksrh gS tks izÑfr iznÙk gSA bl

ÅtkZ dks ldkjkRed fn'kk esa vxzlj djuk mfpr gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd orZeku esa

ikB~;xkeh rFkk ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvkss dks ,d nwljs dk iwjd ekuk tkrk gS] ftlls

ckyd dk lUrqfyr fodkl gksA**

ek/;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx ds vuqlkj] **;s izo`fÙk;k¡ ikB~;Øe dk vfHkUu vax gSA buds

mi;qDr lapkyu ds fy, dkQh /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gSA ;fn budk lapkyu Bhd

izdkj ls fd;k tk;s rks ;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ xq.kksa dk fodkl djus esa l{ke

gSA**

ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds mís'; : Fllsworth and Tomphins us bu izo`fÙk;ksa ds

ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij mís'; lqfuf'pr fd, gS &

v/;k;&18

C


1- O;fDrxr mís'; (Personal Objectives) : blls vfHkizk; vUrZfufgr 'kfDr;ksa dk

fodkl djuk gSA blds vUrxZr vkus okys vU; xq.k fuEu gS &

¼1½ O;fDrRo dk fodklA

¼2½ igy 'kfDr dk fodkl djukA

¼3½ usr`Ro {kerk dk fodkl djukA

¼4½ mÙkjnkf;Ro dh Hkkouk dk fodklA

¼5½ vfHkO;fDr dk fodklA

¼6½ vkRe&ewY;kadu ds volj iznku djukA

2- lkekftd mís'; (Social Objectives) :

¼1½ lg;ksxkRed :i ls dk;Z djus dk vH;kl djkukA

¼2½ lkekftd lEcU/kksa ds izfr le> fodflr djukA

¼3½ lkekftd ewY;ksa] ijEijkvksa] vkn'kksZ ds izfr fo'okl tkxr djukA

¼4½ lkewfgd izfØ;kvksa dk le>ukA

¼5½ LoLFk ekuoh; lEcU/kks dk fodklA

3- uSfrdrk lEcU/kh mís'; :

¼1½ uSfrd ewY;ksa esa fo'okl mRiUu djuk rFkk mUgsa thfor j[kus dh Hkkouk dk

fodkl djukA

¼2½ /keZ] tkfr] lEiznk;] Hkk"kk vkfn dk Hksn feVkdj dk;Z djus dh Hkkouk dk

fodkl djukA

¼3½ dq'ky ukxfjd cuus dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djukA

4- fo|ky; lEcU/kh mís'; :

¼1½ fo|ky; ds ikB~;Øe dks le`) ,oa :fpdj cukus esa lgk;rk iznku djukA

¼2½ LoLFk fo|ky;h okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djukA

¼3½ mfpr f'k{kd&f'k{kkFkhZ lEcU/kksa dk fodkl djukA

¼4½ vuq'kklughurk dh leL;k dk lek/kku djukA

□ □ □


fo/kky; vfHkys[k

School Records

iz'u-1- fo|ky; vfHkys[kksa dk D;k egRo gS\ Li"V dhft,A

What is the importance of School Records? Elucidate.

vFkok

fo|ky; vfHkys[kksa dh D;k vko';drk gS\ iz/kkuk/;kid ds fy, mudh mi;ksfxrk

crkb;sA

What is the need of school recoreds? Mention their utility for the Headmaster.

mÙkj- fo|ky; vfHkys[k (School Records) : izR;sd laLFkk dks vius Ldwy ds tUe] fodkl]

orZeku] vrhr] ifjfLFkfr] ;ksX;rk] ykHk] mís';] y{;] bPNk,¡ vkSj miyfC/k lEcU/kh

vfHkys[k j[kus ds fy, fo'ks"k izdkj ds jftLVkj vkSj fjiksVZ vkfn lqjf{kr j[kuh iM+rh

gSA

fo|ky; ,d lkekftd laLFkk gSA vfHkys[k ds vHkko esa fdlh dk;Z dh tkudkjh gksuk

vlEHko gSa blds vHkko esa u rks dksbZ ;kstuk iw.kZ gks ldrh gS vkSj ugh mldh

fØ;kfUofr dk irk py ldrk gSA vr% iz/kkuk/;kid dks fo|ky; ls lEcfU/kr fooj.k

j[kuk iM+rk gS] ftlls og fo|ky; ds ekuoh; ,oa HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dh izxfr dh tk¡p

djrk gSa vkSj ewY;kadu ds vk/kkj ij Hkkoh ;kstuk dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gSA

egRo (Importance) :

1- fo|ky; vkSj Nk=ksa dh 'kSf{kd izxfr dh tkudkjh djus ds fy, fo|ky; vfHkys[k

egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA

v/;k;&19

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2- Nk= ds vfHkHkkodksa ls lEidZ lw= dh tkudkjh feyrh gSaA

3- f'k{kd ,oa deZpkjh oxZ ds okf"kZd dk;Z dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4- ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds vfHkys[k ls Nk= dh :fp&lq>ko dh tkudkjh jgrh gSA

5- vk;&O;; dk fglkc tkuk tk ldrk gSA

6- HkkSfrd lalk/kuks dk fglkc j[kk tkrk gSA

7- ljdkjh fu;eksa ,oa mifu;eksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrq vko';d gSA

□ □ □


fo/kky; iqLrdky;

School Library

iz'u-1- fo|ky; iqLrdky; ds izeq[k mís'; D;k gS\

What are the main aims of School Library?

mÙkj- iqLrdky; dk fo|ky; esa vfr egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA iqLrdky; og LFkku gS] tgk¡ ekuo

ds iwoZtks }jk vftZr Kku iqLrdksa i=&if=dkvksa ds :i esa /kjks/kj j[kk gqvk gS] ftls

i<+dj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;qxksa dk Kku gksrk gSA vr% iqLrdky; dk vf/kdre mi;ksx

djuk pkfg, &

tkWu Mh- oh- ds vuqlkj] **iqLrdky; fo|ky; dk ân; gSA Nk= ;gk¡ fofHkUu vuqHko]

leL;k,¡ rFkk iz'u ysdj vkrs gS vkSj rc mu ij fopkj&foe'kZ djrs gS vkSj nwljksa ds

vuqHkoksa rFkk laxzghr fo}rk tks fd iqLrdky; esa lqlfTtr iFk iznf'kZr jgrh gS] ds

ek/;e ls uohu Kku dh [kkst djrs gSA**

"Library is the heart of the school and it is to this center pupil bring various experiences,

problems and questions and then discuss and pursue them in search of new, light from

the experiences of others and specially form the accumulated wisdom of the world

garnered arranged and displayed in the library."

iqLrdky; ds mís'; (Aims of Library) :

1- ckydks esa Lok/;k; dh vknrksa dk fuekZ.k djukA

2- ikB`;iqLrdks ds vfrfjDr vU; lgk;d iqLrdksa] dFkkvksa] i=&if=dkvksa dk mi;ksx

djuk fl[kkukA

3- ckydksa esa f'k{k.k ds izfr :fp tkxzr djuk rFkk ckSf)d dk;Z ds izfr ftKklq

cukukA

v/;k;&20

C


4- ckydksa dks 'kCndks'k] lUnHkZ iqLrdksa vkfn dk leqfpr iz;ksx djus dh dq'kyrk dk

fodkl djukA

5- Nk=ksa essa fpUru] euu] fu.kZ; {kerk dk fodkl djkuk vkSj mudh ftKklkvksa dks

'kkUr djukA

6- vodk'k ds le; dk lqni;ksx djus dk vklj iznku djukA

7- v/;kidksa ds fo"k;&Kku o lkekU; Kku dh of) djkuk rFkk uohu f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa

vkfn ds lk/ku iznku djkukA

□ □ □


vuq’kklu

Discipline

iz'u-1- vuq'kklu ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ fo|ky; Nk=ksa esas vuq'kklughurk ds D;k dkj.k gS\

,d iz/kkuk/;kid ds :i esa muesa vuq'kklu dSls yk;saxs\

What do you understand by Discipline? What are the causes of Indiscipline among School Students? How will you bring Discipline among them as Headmaster?

mÙkj- vuq'kklu (Discipline) : Nk=ksa dk og vkpj.k ftllsa os vius vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vkns'kksa

dk fcuk rdZ ds ikyu djrs jgsa] vuq'kklu dgykrk gSA vFkkZr~ vuq'kklu Lor% izsfjr

Hkko gS] vr% cká :i esa blsa Fkksik ugha tk ldrkA Nk=ksa esa mfpr Hkkoukvksa] ewY;ksa vkSj

vUr% iszj.kkvksa dk leku mn~Hko gh vuq'kklu gSA

vuq'kklu 'kCn dh O;qRifÙk laLÑr ds vuq $ 'kkl $ Y;wV izR;; ds ;ksx ls gqbZ gSA

blesa 'kkl~ /kkrq gS ftldk vFkZ gS fu;e vFkok fu;a=.k vkSj vuq'kklu dk vFkZ gS]

fu;eksa rFkk fu;a=.k dks Lohdkj djukA

f'k{kkfon ih- lh- jsu ds vuqlkj] **ftl izdkj LFky lsuk] ty lsuk ;k jkT; ds

vfLrRo ds fy, vuq'kklu dk gksuk ijeko';d gS] mlh Hkkafr fo|ky; ds fy,

vuq'kklu egRoiw.kZ gSA**

"As in army, the navy or the state so in school, the very condition of existence in

discipline."

Vh- ih- uu dk er gS] **vuq'kklu dk vFkZ vius vkosxksa vkSj 'kfDr;ksa dks ml voLFkk

ds v/khu djuk gSa tks vjktdrk dk vUr djrh gS ,oa tks vdq'kyrk vkSj viO;; ds

LFkku ij dq'kyrk vkSj ferO;;rk dh LFkkiuk djrh gSA**

v/;k;&21

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"Discipline consistes in submission one's impulses and powers the regulation which imposes from upon chaos and brings efficiency and economy where there would otherwise be ineffectiveness other wise and waste."

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd tgk¡ izkphu ekU;rkuqlkj Nk=ksa

dks fu;U=.k esa j[kuk gh vuq'kklu ekuk tkrk gSA muesa Hk; vkSj vkard iSnk fd;k

tkrk Fkk vkSj mlds fy, Nk=ksa dks ekufld uSfrd o 'kkjhfjd n.M Hkh fn;k tkrk

FkkA ogha vk/kqfud fopkj/kkjk ds vuqlkj ckydksa dks dBksj n.M nsuk vO;ogkfjd ekuk

tkrk gSA

Nk=ksa esa vuq'kklughurk ds dkj.k %

1- ikfjokfjd dkj.k

1- ikfjokfjd fo?kVu

2- vkfFkZd fiNM+kiu

3- vf'k{kk

4- Ldwy ds izfr mis{kk Hkko

5- vuko';d fu;U=.k

6- ikfjokfjd dyg

2- lkekftd dkj.k

1- lekt esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj

2- csjkstxkjh

3- lkekftd dqjhfr;k¡

4- lkekftd ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV

5- /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd f'k{kk dk vHkko

3- jktuSfrd dkj.k

1- jktuSfrd gLr{ksi

2- fufgr LokFkkasZ }kjk foHkktu dh jktuhfr

3- Nk= 'kfDr dk nyh; jktuhfr esa nq:i;ksx

4- vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij c<+rk mxz jk"Vªokn

4- 'kSf{kd ,oa fo|ky;h dkj.k

1- mís';foghu f'k{kk iz.kkyh


2- c<+rh gqbZ f'k{kkFkhZ la[;k

3- uSfrd f'k{kk dh deh

4- v/;kidksa dh v;ksX;rk ,oa muds vkpj.k Lrj esa fxjkoV

5- nwf"kr ijh{kk iz.kkyh

6- 'kkjhfjd n.M

7- v/;kidksa dh jktuhfr esa f'k{kkFkhZ 'kfDr dk mi;ksx

fo|ky; vuq'kklu ,oa iz/kkuk/;kid dk nkf;Ro (Discipline of School and

Headmaster's Responsibility) :

1- vuq'kklughurk QSykus okys Nk=ksa dks iz/kkuk/;kid vius /;ku esa j[ksA

2- x`gdk;Z u djus okys Nk=ksa dh fo+|ky; esa vfrfjDr d{kk,¡ yxkdj mudh

leL;kvksa dks nwj djsA

3- Nk=ksa dh O;fDrxr dfBukb;ksa dks /;ku ls lqus vkSj muds fuokj.kkFkZ iz;kl djsA

4- fiNM+s ,oa izfrHkkoku Nk=ksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk,A

5- ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds izfr ckydksa dh :fp mRiUu djsa vkSj mudh {kerkuqlkj

mUgsa izksRlkfgr djsA

6- vko';drk iM+us ij Nk=ksa dh uSfrd] 'kSf{kd] ekufld o 'kkjhfjd izxfr ij n`f"V

j[kdj mUgsa mfpr funsZ'ku o ijke'kZ nsus dk dk;Z djsaA

7- Nk=ksa dh 'kSf{kd detksjh ls vfHkHkkodksa dks voxr djok;k tk,A

8- Nk=ksa dh fpfdRlk lEcU/kh tk¡p le;≤ ij djkus dh O;oLFkk dh tk,aA

□ □ □


oSfnd dkyhu f’k{kk

Vedic Education

iz'u-1- oSfnd dkyhu f'k{kk dk vFkZ Li"V dhft,A

Clearify the meaning of Vedic Education.

mÙkj- 2500 ch- lh- 500 ch- lh- dk le; Hkkjrh; lH;rk ds fodkl dk izkphure oSfnd ;qx

gSA bl dky esa ekuo thou esa /keZ iz/kku Fkk rFkk vk/;kfRed fodkl }kjk eks{k dh

izkfIr O;fDr ds thou dk ije y{; ekuk tkrk FkkA blh dkj.k ml le; dh f'k{kk

/kkfeZd fØ;kvksa ls vksr izksr FkhA

oSfnd f'k{kk dk vFkZ (Meaning of Vedic Education) : osnks ij vk/kkfjr f'k{kk gh

oSfnd f'k{kk gSA osn /keZ dk ewy gS] vkSj leLr Kku ls ;qDr gSA osn~ 'kCn fon~ /kkrq ls

O;qRiUu gS ftldk vFkZ gS *tkuuk* vFkok *Kku*A Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa mu _f"k;ksa o

egf"kZ;ksa dks eU= n`"Vk dgk tkrk gS ftUgksaus osn eU=ksa dk euu fd;k gSaA vkt ds

lUnHkZ esa osn vkSj fo|k lekukFkZd gSA fo"k;&oLrq ds vk/kkj ij osn pkj gSa & _Xosn]

;tqoZsn] lkeosn o vFkoZosnA bu pkjksa gh osnksa esa _fRotksa ds vk/kkj ij ea=ks dk

ladyu fd;k x;k gSA

_Xosn izkphu osn gS] ftlesa fgUnqvkas ds lekftd & lkaLÑfrd thou dh iw.kZ tkudkjh

izkIr gksrh gSA ;tqosZn esa ea=ksa] izkFkZukvksa vkSj ;Kksa dh fof/k;ksa dk fo"kn~ o.kZu gSA

lkeosn esa ea=ksa dks lLoj nksgjkdj izkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA vFkoZosn dk fo"k; u{k=

foKku] x`gfoKku] jktuhfr'kkL=] n'kZu'kkL= vkfn ds lzksr gSA

oSfnd f'k{kk dks izeq[k mís'; lkalkfjd izyksHkuksa ls eqDr gksdj okLrfod lR; dh

[kkst djuk FkkA ml le; dh f'k{kk esa vk/;kfRed ds lkFk & lkFk ykSfdd i{k ij Hkh

/;ku fn;k x;kA

v/;k;&22

C


iz'u-2- Hkkjr esa oSfnd vkSj ckS) f'k{kk iz.kkyh ds e/; ijLij fofHkUurk,¡ crkb;sA

Differentiate between the Vadic and Boodhist Systems of Education in India.

mÙkj- ckS) f'k{kk dk vfoHkkZo oSfnd f'k{kk ds ckn gqvk FkkA ckS) f'k{kk us vius Lo:i esa mu

leLr ifjorZuksa dks lekfgr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k tks lkef;d ;qx ds vuqdwy Fks]

lkFk gh mu =qfV;ksa dk Hkh lE;d~ fujkdj.k izLrqr fd;k tks fd oSfnd Lo:i dks

foÑr dj jgh FkhA vr% oSfnd f'k{kk vkSj ckS) f'k{kk ds e/; vusd vlekurk,¡

fo|eku FkhA

ckS) f'k{kk rFkk oSfnd f'k{kk esa vlekurk

Øekad vk/kkj ckS) f'k{kk oSfnd f'k{kk

1- f'k{kk dk Lo:i

,oa laxBu lkoZtfud ,oa laxfBr

vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA lkoZtfud Lo:i ugha Fkk rFkk

vR;f/kd laxfBr iz;kl ugha FksA

2- f'k{kd dh

fLFkfr

f'k{kd dsoy ;ksX; czkã.k

gh FksA

f'k{kd lekt ds leLr oxksZ ls

vkrs FksA

3- f'k{kk dk ek/;e {ks=h; Hkk"kk,¡ ,oa ikyh laLÑr

4- f'k{kk dh fLFkfr laLFkkxr ,oa lqlaxfBr O;fDrxr ikfjokfjd fLFkfr FkhA

5- f'k{kk dk ewy

fl)kUr

tura=okn ds vuqdwy tura=okn dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ

FkhA

6- f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa

ds izdkj

lkewfgd] lqlaxfBr FkhA

ckS) eB] fogkj rFkk vU;

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij f'k{kk

iznku dh tkrh FkhA

f'k{kk vkJeksa rFkk xq:dqyksa rd

lhfer FkhA

7- f'k{kk lekt

lEcU/k

f'k{kk leLr lekt ds

O;fDr;ksa gsrq vk;ksftr dh

x;h FkhA

f'k{kk dk vk;kstu dsoy lekt ds

mPp oxksZa rFkk o.kksZa gsrq fd;k x;k

FkkA

8- Nk= thou vis{kkÑr de dBksj Fkk

fdUrq vuq'kklu ,oa vkns'kksa

dk mfpr izko/kku FkkA

Nk= thou vR;f/kd dBksj]

ri;qDr rFkk vusd otZukvksa ls

;qDr FkkA

9- xq: dh fLFkfr xq: dh fLFkfr vis{kkÑr

voufr dh vksj vxzlj gks

pyh FkhA

xq: dh fLFkfr mRÑ"V Fkh o f'k";

fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa xq: ds

led{k izfrLi)kZ dk vf/kdkjh ugha

gksrk FkkA


iz'u-3- vk/kqfud f'k{kk ij oSfnd f'k{kk dk D;k izHkko gS\ o.kZu dhft,A

What is the impact of Vedic Education on Modern Education? Explain.

mÙkj- oSfnd f'k{kk ,d o`gn~ fpUru FkhA ;g Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh ewy FkhA vk/kqfud f'k{kk ij

oSfnd f'k{kk ds izHkko LFkk;h gS] tks bl izdkj gS &

1- vk/;kfRed ,oa vkn'kZokfnrk : oSfnd f'k{kk ds vkfn lzksr orZeku f'k{kk i)fr dks

iw.kZr% izHkkfor djrs gSaA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 esa Hkh ekuo ugha *egkekuo* fuekZ.k

dk mn~?kks"k fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ *egkekuo* 'kCn ls rkRi;Z gS ,slk ckyd tks

'kkjhfjd] ekufld] laosxkRed] uSfrd {kerkvksa esa rks izkphu Hkkjrh; lekt dk

izfrfcEc gksxk gh fdUrq fo'o ds izR;sd ckyd ls mRÑ"Vrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, ;g

vkn'kZ ,oa vk/;kfRed xq.kksa ls ifjiw.kZ gksxkA vkt Hkh Hkkjr uSfrd ugh oju~ ekuo

ek= ds *vk/;kfRed fodkl* dh vksj f'k{kk iz;klksa dks ys tkus dh ckr Lohdkj

djrk gS tks gekjh izkphu laLÑfr ,oa laLdkjksa dk izfrQy gSA

2- vkn'kZ xq: & f'k"; lEcU/k ,oa dBksj vuq'kklu : tc dgha vPNs 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k

dh ckr djrs gSaa rks xq: & f'k"; lEcU/kksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA ;g rF; bl

ckr dks fl) djrk gS fd f'k{kk xzg.k rHkh lEHko gS tcfd Nk= fouez] fou;'khy]

vkKkdkjh rFkk xq: lEeku ls vksr&izksr gksA nwljh vksj vk/kqfud xq: Hkh vius

dÙkZO;ksa ds izfr laosnu'khy] ;ksX;rkvksa esa mPprk] Nk=ksa esa Lusg rFkk rqPN LokFkksZ ls

Åij gksxk rks mls Hkh lEeku ,oa lq;'k izkIr gksxkA

3- izkÑfrd i;kZoj.k esa f'k{kk : oSfnd f'k{kk vkJeksa] xq:dqyksa rFkk ou izkUrksa ,oa

efUnjksa esa iznku dh tkrh FkhA ;s lHkh LFkku uxjh; dksykgy] Ñf=erk rFkk

HkkSfrdrk ls nwj gksrs FksA ;s lHkh laLFkk,¡ vkoklh; gksrh FkhaA bl izdkj Nk= ds

eu&efLr"d dh ifo=rk dks f'k{kk xzg.k djus dh izFke lh<+h ekuk tkrk FkkA

vk/kqfud le; esa *ifCyd Ldwy* vkoklh; fo|ky; lqjE; izkÑfrd okrkoj.k esa

[kksys tkrs gSaA] ftllsa ckydksa dk lk{kkRdkj izÑfr ls gksA

4- f'k{kk dh O;kidrk : oSfnd f'k{kk dk Lo:i *loZHkwr fgrs'rk% *olq/kSo dqVqEcde*

fo'ys"k.kksa ls lq'kksfHkr Fkk vFkkZr f'k{kk dk ekxZ vkRe dY;k.k rd lhfer u gksdj

ekuo ek= ds dY;k.k rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkzkr`Ro Hkko ls lEc) FkkA vkt fo'o esa

c<+rk vkradokn rFkk ijek.kq dk;ZØe ls fuiVus ds fy, ,slh f'k{kk dh gh

vko';drk gSA


5- f'k{k.k fl)kUrks dh izkfIr : oSfnd dkyhu Nk= czãp;Z ,oa vkstLoh Kkuiqat xfjek

ls viuh ik=rk fl) djds izfrLi)kZ ds }kjk vius ykSfdd dekZsa dh iwfrZ djrs FksA

ftrus Hkh f'k{k.k fl)kUr] f'k{k.k fopkj] euu] fpUru] Le`fr&dwy] vf/kxe rFkk

laosnuk f'k{k.k ds gSa] os gesa ;gk¡ izkIr gksrs gaSA

iz'u-4- oSfnd f'k{kk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A

Mention the main characteristics of Vedic Education.

mÙkj- oSfnd dkyhu f'k{kk esa oSfnd Kku] n'kZu] O;kdj.k] Hkk"kk foKku] u{k= 'kkL= ,oa

ukxfjd 'kkL= dh f'k{kk lHkh dks nh tkrh FkhA oSfnd f'k{kk dh tM+s bruh etcwr Fkh

fd ;g lgL=ksa o"kksZa rd Qyrh&Qwyrh jghaA bldk izeq[k dkj.k Fkk bldh ekSfyd

ijEijk,¡ rFkk mudk lqO;ofLFkr lkekftd laxBuA

oSfnd ;qxhu f'k{kk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu gSa &

1- miu;u laLdkj (Upnayana Ceremony) : miu;u dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS & *fudV

ykuk* o *lEidZ esa ykuk*A vr% laLdkj ds ek/;e ls ckyd loZizFke xq: ls lEidZ

LFkkfir djrk FkkA ;g laLdkj ckyd ds 8] 11 vkSj 12 osa vk;q oxZ esa lEiUu gksrk

FkkA oSfnd dky esa dksbZ Hkh ckyd bl laLdkj ds fcuk f'k{kk xzg.k ugha dj ldrk

FkkA

2- czãp;Z ozr dk ikyu (Fellow of Celebacy) : izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks KkuktZu ds le;

czãp;Z ozr dk ikyu djuk vko';d FkkA vkpkj&fopkj dh 'kq)rk rFkk Js"Brk

dks mPpre egÙkk iznku dh xbZ FkhA Nk=ksa dks xq:dqy esa dBksj fu;eksa] ozrksa rFkk

ijEijkvksa dk vuqlj.k djuk gksrk FkkA izkjfEHkd 25 o"kkZsa rd ds le; dk

fo|k/;;u gsrq Js"B ekuk x;k gSA bl le; Nk= dks czãpkjh dk lEcks/ku fn;k

tkrk FkkA

3- xq:lsok (Service to the Teacher) : izR;sd Nk= dks xq:lsok djuk vR;Ur

vko';d ekuk tkrk FkkA xq: dh voKk djuk iki le>k tkrk FkkA mlds fy,

dBksj n.M dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ FkhA xq:lsok dk;ksZa esa nSfud vko';drkvksa dh

oLrqvksa tSls ty] ydMh ,oa [kk| lkexzh dh O;oLFkk djuk] vkJe ds i'kq&if{k;ksa

dh ns[kHkky djuk FkkA bl dkj.k ls gh vkpk;Z dks mRÑ"V in iznku fd;k x;k

FkkA


4- f'k{kk dky : xq:dqy esa ,d Nk= fujUrj 24 o"kZ dh vk;q rd f'k{kk izkIr djus dk

vf/kdkjh FkkA mlds Ik'pkr~ xq: mls x`gLFk thou esa izos'k djus dh vkKk iznku

djrs FksA fdUrq dqN f'k"; blls Hkh vkxs ijk fo|kvksa dk vH;kl djus ds fy,

vkJeksa esa gh fuokl djrs FksA f'k{kkdky dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k Fkk &

¼1½ olq : os Nk= tks dsoy 24 o"kkZsa rd f'k{kk xzg.k djrs FksA

¼2½ :nz : os Nk= tks 36 o"kZ rd f'k{kk xzg.k djrs FksA

¼3½ vkfnR; : os Nk= tks 48 o"kkZs rd f'k{kk xzg.k djrs FksA

xq:dqyksa esa blds vfrfjDr izR;sd f'k{kk l= dh Hkh fu;fer O;oLFkk,¡ FkhA izk;%

f'k{kk l= ,d o"kZ ls ysdj 5 ekg rd gksrs FksA

5- oSfnd ikB~;Øe (Vedic Curriculam) : oSfnd ikB~;Øeksa esa osnksa dk iBu&ikBu

vk/kkjHkwr rRo FkkA NkUnksX; mifu"kn~ esa miyC/k ikB~;Øe lwph esa fuEufyf[kr

fo"k; lfUufgr gS & _Xosn] ;tqoZsn] lkeosn] vFkoZosn] bfrgkl] iqjk.k] mifu"kn~

vkykspuk,¡] jkf'k foKku] nso foKku] /ofu] 'kCn foKku] O;kdj.k] dky'kkL=]

T;ksfr"k 'kkL= fo|k] uhfr'kkL= vkfnA

6- f'k{k.k fof/k;k¡ : oSfnd ;qx esas izeq[k :i ls ekSf[kd ,oa daBLFk fof/k;ksa dks gh

f'k{k.k vf/kxe fof/k;ksa ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k FkkA xq: tks Hkh i<+krs Fks] Nk=

mUgsa ekSf[kd :i esa daBLFk djrs FksA 'yksdksa dks Bhd ls cksyus gsrq Nk=ksa dk /ofu

foKku] 'kCn foKku] Øe O;k[;k vkfn dk xgu vH;kl djk;k tkrk FkkA bl

izdkj f'k{k.k fof/k;k¡ fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls iznf'kZr dh tk ldrh gS &

1- Nk= }kjk xq:dqy ls 'yksdksa dk lw{e Jo.k djukA

2- mudk vuqlj.k djukA

3- Nk= }kjk mUgsa iw.kZ d.BLFk djukA

4- Nk= }kjk mu ij euu djukA

5- f'k{kd }kjk mUgsa ewY;kafdr djukA

6- f'k{kd Nk= ds e/; rkfdZd fookn mRiUu dfBukb;ksa ,oa Hkzeksa dk fuokj.k

djukA

7- vuq'kklu ,oa n.M O;oLFkk : vuq'kklu dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, xq:dqyksa esa dBksj

n.M dh O;oLFkk,¡ fo|eku FkhA ;g n.M Nk= ds vijk/k dh rhozrk ,oa mi;qDrrk


ds vk/kkj ij xq: }kjk iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA ;|fi xq:dqy dk okrkoj.k bruk

O;Lr ,oa nSfud fØ;kdeksZa ls iw.kZ Fkk fd Nk= vuq'kklughurk dk vuqlj.k ugha

dj ikrs FksA vuq'kklughurk ds lUnHkZ esa Nk= dks 'kkjhfjd n.M ,oa vkJe ls

cfg"Ñr djus ds n.M dk izko/kku cuk;k x;k FkkA

8- fu%'kqYd f'k{kk : oSfnd ;qx esa fu%'kqYd f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk FkhA Nk= ls xq: dksbZ Hkh

'kqYd xzg.k ugha djrk Fkk] D;ksafd f'k{kk iznku djuk mldk lkekftd nkf;Ro FkkA

f'k{kk lekIr gks tkus ij gh f'k"; vius xq: dks dqN HksaV] migkj ;k nf{k.kk iznku

djus dk vf/kdkjh FkkA bl nf{k.kk esa cgqewY; nzO;ksa ds vfrfjDr xk;] v'o] vUu

rFkk nSfud mi;ksx dh oLrq,¡ lfEefyr jgrh FkhA

□ □ □


ckS} f’k{kk

Vedic Education

iz'u-1- ckS) f'k{kk esa xq:&f'k"; lEcU/kksa dk o.kZu dfj;sA

Describe the Pupil-Teacher relationship in Boddha Education?

mÙkj- ckS) f'k{kk esa xq:&f'k"; lEcU/k (Pupil-Teacher Relationship in Boddha

Education) : ckS) la?kks esa xq: vkSj f'k";ksa ds lEcU/k cM+s e/kqj] Lusfgy] lEekutud

rFkk vk/;kfRed gksrs FksA xq: vius f'k";ksa dks iq=or~ ekurs FksA os f'k";ksa dh nSfud

p;kZ fuf'pr djrs] diM+k] Hkkstu vkfn ls lEcfU/kr vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrs rFkk

f'k";ksa dks viuk Kku nsrs FksA

f'k"; Hkh xq: dh lsok eu yxkdj djrs FksA la?k esa xq:&f'k"; lEcU/kksa dk vk/kkj Lusg

vkSj lekurk FkhA fu;eksa dh vogsyuk ij f'k"; vius xq: dh f'kdk;r Hkh la?k ls dj

ldrk Fkk vkSj la?k fu;e fo:) O;ogkj dh tkudkjh dj xq: ds fo:) vko';d

dk;Zokgh dj ldrk FkkA xq: Hkh f'k"; ds vuqfpr O;ogkj dks la?k ds le{k yk ldrk

FkkA bl izdkj nksuksa gh ijLij lq/kkj ds fy, iz;kljr jgrs FksA f'k"; ds dÙkZO;

fu/kkZfjr FksA mls *fl) fonkjd* dgk tkrk FkkA xq: dks mik/;k; dgk tkrk FkkA la?k

esa ogh f'k{kd gks ldrk Fkk tks de ls de nl o"kZ rd Lo;a fHk{kqd jg pqdk gksA xq:

lknxhiw.kZ thou O;rhr djrk FkkA mldh vko';drk lhfer gksrh FkhA xq: vkSj f'k";

nksuksa gh la?k ds vkfJr Fks] la?k dh lÙkk lokZsifj FkhA

la?k esa fHk{kq.kh dks fHk{kq ls lnSo vyx jguk gksrk FkkA uo fHk{kq.kh dk ijh{kk dky nks o"kZ dk

gksrk FkkA ,d fo'ks"k fHk{kq izfrekl nks ckj fdlh vU; fHk{kq ds le{k mls f'k{kk nsrk FkkA

ckS) fHk{kqf.k;k¡ lekt lsok dk dk;Z djrh FkhA fujkfJrksa] ihfM+rksa dh lsok djrh FkhA

ml dky esa fL=;k¡ jktuSfrd dk;kaZs esa Hkkx ysrh FkhA jktuSfrd 'kklu dk Hkkj fL=;ksa

ds gkFkksa esa FkkA osn] osnkar] vk;qosZn vkfn dk v/;;u djrh] dof;=h gksrh FkhA mUgsa Hkh

fHk{kqvksa dh Hkkafr dBksj fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk iM+rk Fkk rFkk la?kksa esa jgus ds fy,

fHk{kq&fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds fy, vyx&vyx eB cus gksrs FksA

□ □ □

v/;k;&23

C


fczfV’k dky esa f’k{kk ¼eSdkys dk fooj.k&Ik=½

Education in British Period (Macaulay’s Minutes and Wood Despatch)

iz'u-1- eSdkys dk fooj.k i= ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \

What do you understand by Macaulay's Minutes?

mÙkj- eSdkys dk fooj.k i= ¼1835½ (Macaulay's Minutes 1835) : eSdkys 10 twu 1934 dks

xoZuj tujy dh dkamfly dk ykW&lnL; cudj Hkkjr vk;kA ykWMZ eSdkys dh f'k{kk

uhfr ds izeq[k rdZ bl izdkj Fks &

ykWMZ eSdkys us ik'pkR; lkfgR; ,oa ik'pkR; foKku ds v/;;u dk lq>ko fn;kA og

vaxzsth Hkk"kk dks f'k{kk dk ek/;e cukus dk i{k/kj FkkA mlus Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks

lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls cM+k fu/kZu crk;kA

viuh f'k{kk uhfr dks Li"V djrs gq, ykWMZ eSdkys us dgk] **ge Hkkjr esa ,sls O;fDr;ksa

ds oxZ dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrs gSa tks jax vkSj jDr esa Hkys gh Hkkjrh; gksa] ijUrq

[kku&iku] jgu&lgu] vkpkj&fopkj vkSj cqf) ls vaxzst gksaA**

"We ………… a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, but English in tastes, in opinion, in morals and in intellect."

la{ksi esa eSdkys ds fooj.k&i= ds eq[; fcUnq fuEufyf[kr Fks &

1- 1 yk[k :i;s dh jkf'k O;; djus ds fy, ljdkj ij dksbZ izfrca/k ugha gS vFkkZr~

ljdkj bl jkf'k dks viuh bPNkuqlkj O;; dj ldrh gSA

2- eSdkys us laLÑr vkSj vjch ds lkFk vaxzsth lkfgR; dks vR;f/kd egÙkk iznku dh

FkhA

3- Hkkjrh; fo}ku] eqlyeku ekSyoh] laLÑr ds iafMrksa ds vfrfjDr vaxzsth Hkk"kk vkSj

lkfgR; ds fo}ku Hkh gks ldrs gSaA

v/;k;&24

C


4- eSdkys us Hkkjrh; /kkfeZd xzUFkksa dks vU/kfo'oklksa vkSj ew[kZrkiw.kZ rF;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk

ekuk vkSj Hkwxksy] bfrgkl] fpfdRlk'kkL= vkSj T;ksfr"k dks gkL;kLin ekukA

vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds i{k esa eSdkys }kjk fn, x, rdZ bl izdkj Fks &

¼d½ vaxzsth 'kkld oxZ }kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk gSA

¼[k½ mPp oxZ ds ewy fuokfl;ksa dh Hkk"kk gSA

¼x½ ik'pkR; Hkk"kkvksa esa vaxzsth lokZsifj Hkk"kk gSA

5- eSdkys us **fuL;anu dk fl)kUr** (Filtration Theory) fn;k ftldk rkRi;Z Fkk]

f'k{kk Åij ls izos'k djds tu&lk/kkj.k rd igq¡prh FkhA

vFkkZr~ ykHkizn Kku Hkkjr ds lokZsPp oxksZa ls Nudj uhps Vidrk Fkk vkSj bl

vk/kkj ij f'k{kk dk mís'; jkT;&dk;ksZa ds fy, lLrs Hkkjrh; DydZ izkIr djuk

FkkA

6- jktdh; inksa dh izkfIr dh ykylk esa vf/kdkf/kd Hkkjrh; ik'pkR; f'k{kk i)fr dh

vksj vkdf"kZr gksaxsA

eSdkys dh f'k{kk uhfr us Hkkjrh; uo;qodksa dks tkxr fd;kA Hkkjr esa jktuSfrd tkx`fr

vkbZ vkSj ifjorZu dh ekax mBus yxhA

iz'u-2- 1854 ds oqM ds ?kks"k.kk&i= dh izeq[k flQkfj'ksa D;k Fkh\ foospu dhft,A

What is the main recommendation of wood's Despatch of 1854? Discuss it.

mÙkj- 1854 esa f'k{kk lEcU/kh ,d ?kks"k.kk&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k ftls lapkyu lfefr ds

v/;{k lj pkYlZ oqM ds uke ij *oqM dk ?kks"k.kk&i=* dgk tkrk gSA bl ?kks"k.kk&i=

esaa rRdkyhu f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds iqujh{k.k rFkk Hkfo"; esa 'kSf{kd iqufuekZ.k gsrq lqfuf'pr

rFkk cgqvk;keh uhfr dks lwfpc) djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k FkkA

;g ?kks"k.kk&i= 100 vuqPNsnksa dk ,d yEck vfHkys[k Fkk] ftlesa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ds

lq/kkj ds fy, ,d fof'k"V ;kstuk dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k FkkA bl ?kks"k.kk&i= dh

egÙoiw.kZ flQkfj'ks fuEufyf[kr gS &

1- f'k{kk dk mís'; : f'k{kk ds mís'; dks vaxzsth jkT; ds fgrksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj

fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k FkkA f'k{kk }kjk O;fDr;ksa dh ckSf)d ,oa pkfjf=d mUufr djus

ds lkFk gh ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks mRiUu djuk Fkk tks jkT; dks lqn<+ cuk ldsa rFkk

fo'okl ds lkFk jktinksa ij fu;qDr fd, tk ldsaA

2- ikB~;Øe : ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; dks ,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls

egRoiw.kZ crk;k x;k A bl izdkj laLÑr] vjch ,oa Qkjlh dh mi;ksfxrk Lohdkj


djds mUgsa ikB~;Øe esa LFkku fn;k x;kA ijUrq ik'pkR; lkfgR; ,oa foKkuksa dk

v/;;u gh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, mi;qDr le>k x;kA

3- f'k{kk dk ek/;e : ?kks"k.kk i= essa crk;k x;k fd ns'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa iqLrdksa dk vHkko

gksus ds dkj.k vaxzsth dks f'k{kk dk ek/;e cukuk vko';d gSA vaxzsth dk ek/;e

dsoy mu O;fDr;ksa ds fy, gksxk tks bl Hkk"kk dk leqfpr Kku j[krs gSA vU;

O;fDr;ksa ds fy, f'k{kk dk ek/;e ns'kh Hkk"kk,¡ gksaxhA

4- yksdf'k{kk foHkkx dh LFkkiuk : ?kks"k.kk i= esa vkns'k fn;k x;k fd Hkkjr ds izR;sd

izkUr caxky] enzkl] eqEcbZ] iatkc vkSj mÙkj&if'pe izkUr esa ,d yksd f'k{kk foHkkx

dh LFkkiuk dh tk, vkSj mldk loksZPp vf/kdkjh tuf'k{kk funs'kd gksA mldh

lgk;rk ds fy, mif'k{kk lapkyd fujh{kd rFkk lgk;d fujh{kd fu;qDr fd,

tk,¡A izkUr dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ,oa mlds lapkyu dk Hkkj f'k{kk lapkyd ij gksxkA

5- fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk djuk : ?kks"k.kk i= esa dgk x;k fd mPp f'k{kk iznku

djus ds fy, dksydkrk] eqEcbZ] psUubZ vkfn esa fo'ofo|ky; LFkkfir fd, tk,¡A

izR;sd fo'ofo|ky; ds fy, dqyifr gksaxs tks ljdkj }kjk euksuhr fd;s tk;saxsA

6- Øec) fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk : ?kks"k.kk i= esa lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa Øec) fo|ky;ksa dh

;kstuk ij cy fn;k x;kA blesa vafdr fd;k x;k] f'k{kk dk <+k¡pk bl izdkj dk

gks ftlds vk/kkj ij izkFkfed] fefMy Ldwy] gkbZLdwy] dkWyst o fo'ofo|ky; gksaA

7- lgk;rk vuqnku i)fr : ?kks"k.kk i= esa lgk;rk vuqnku dk lq>ko fn;k x;kA bls

f'kf{kr ,oa /kuh oxkZs dh mnkjrk ,oa iz;klksa ls izksRlkgu izkIr gks ldrk Fkk] vkSj

f'k{kk dh rhoz izxfr Hkh lEHko FkhA izR;sd izkUrh; ljdkj lgk;rk vuqnku lEcU/kh

dqN fu;e cuk, vkSj lgk;rk vuqnku mUgha laLFkkvksa dks fn;k tk, tks

fuEufyf[kr 'krsZ Lodkj djsa &

1- fo|ky; esa fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds vPNh vkSj /keZ&fujis{k ykSfdd f'k{kk

nsukA

2- fo|ky; dk LFkkuh; O;fDr;ksa dh izcU/kdkfj.kh lfefr }kjk dq'kyrk iwoZd

lapkyu fd;k tkukA

3- fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls 'kqYd ds :i esa dqN /ku ysukA

4- fo|ky; ds izcU/kdksa }kjk ljdkjh fujh{kd rFkk lgk;rk vuqnku lEcU/kh

fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;k tkukA

8- v/;kidksa dk izf'k{k.k : ?kks"k.kk i= }kjk dEiuh ds lapkydksa us ;g bPNk O;Dr dh

fd baXyS.M ds <ax ij Hkkjr ds izR;sd izkUr esa vfr'kh?kz izf'k{k.k fo|ky; fufeZr

fd, tk,¡A vkS"k/k 'kkL=] bathfu;fjax rFkk dkuwu vkfn esa Hkh izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk

dh tk,A


9- L=h f'k{kk : ?kks"k.kk i= esa L=h f'k{kk ds fy, /ku nsus okys O;fDr;ksa dh ljkguk dh

xbZ vkSj vkns'k fd;k x;k fd L=h f'k{kk ds fo|ky; dks lgk;rk vuqnku fn;k

tk,A

10- O;kolkf;d f'k{kk : ?kks"k.kk i= esa O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dh vkSj ladsr djrs gq, fy[kk

x;k fd ,sls dkWystksa vkSj Ldwyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,] ftuesa Hkkjrh; fofHkUu

O;olk;ksa dh f'k{kk izkIr dj ldsaA

11- izkP; lkfgR; dks izksRlkgu : ?kks"k.kk i= eas izkP; lkfgR; dks izksRlkgu nsus dh

flQkfj'k dh xbZA ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k fd ik'pkR; lkfgR; ,oa foKku dh iqLrdksa

dk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn djk;k tk,A blds vfrfjDr ns'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa iqLrds

fy[kokbZ tk, vkSj ys[kdksa dks leqfpr iqjLdkj fn, tk,aA

12- f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj : ?kks"k.kk i= esa f'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dks ljdkjh ukSdfj;k¡ nsus dk

vkns'k fn;k x;kA ;g ckr Li"V dh xbZ fd fu;qfDr;k¡ djrs le; O;fDr;ksa dh

f'k{kk ij fo'ks"k :i ls /;ku fn;k tk, vkSj mu O;fDr;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,

ftudh f'k{kk] ;ksX;rk vU; O;fDr;ksa ls vf/kd gSaA bl uhfr dks viukus ls us

dsoy f'k{kk dk izlkj gksxk vfirq f'k{kk izkIr djds turk esa ekuoh; xq.k dk

fodkl gksxkA

mi;ZqDr flQkfj'kksa ls Li"V gS fd *oqM ds ?kks"k.kk i=* dk Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa ,d

egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ;g igyk ?kks"k.kk i= Fkk ftlls fczfV'k dkyhu f'k{kk dks izkjfEHkd

<k¡pk iznku fd;kA oqM ds ?kks"k.kk i= ds lUnHkZ esa ,- ,u- clq us fy[kk gS fd **oqM dk

?kks"k.kk i= Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk f'kyk/kkj FkkA**

vkykspuk : dqN f'k{kkfonksa dk er Fkk fd ?kks"k.kk i= esa f'k{kk dk mís'; fu/kkZj.k

vuqfpr FkkA blesa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh vogsyuk dh x;h Fkh rFkk ?kks"k.kk i= ds ihNs

ljdkj dk viuk jktuSfrd o vkfFkZd LokFkZ fufgr FkkA ;g usr`Ro iznku djus] Nk=ksa

dh f'k{kk esa jkT; dk nkf;Ro fuHkkus esa] fu/kZu Nk=ksa dks lqfo/kk iznku djus ,oa

ykyQhrk'kkgh ls f'k{kk dks fu;a=.k iznku djus rFkk lapkyu dks eqDr djus esa loZFkk

foQy jgkA blus /keZ f'k{kk dks i`Fkd dj fn;kA

□ □ □


dksBkjh f’k{kk vk;ksx

Kothari Education Commission

iz'u-1- dksBkjh f'k{kk vk;ksx dh fu;qfDr ds D;k dkj.k Fks\

What are the causes for formation of Kothari Education Commission?

mÙkj- Hkkjr ljdkj us 14 tqykbZ] 1964 ds vius izLrko esa vk;ksx dh fu;qfDr ds dkj.k

fuEukafdr 'kCnksa esa vafdr fd, &

1- LorU=rk izkfIr ds Ik'pkr~ ls gh Hkkjr ljdkj us ns'k dh ijEijkvksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa

rFkk vk/kqfud lekt dh vko';drkvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh dk

fodkl djus dk iz;Ru fd;k] ijUrq mldk fodkl le; dh vko';drkuqlkj ugha

gks ik;k gSA ns'k dh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd izxfr esa f'k{kk dk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA

bu lc ckrksa ij fopkj dj ;g vko';d le>k tk, fd f'k{kk ds {ks= dh lEiw.kZ

tk¡p dh tk,A

2- f'k{kk ds vusd vaxks ds izfr O;kid valrks"k gSA cPpksa ds fy, fu%'kqYd vkSj

vfuok;Z f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk ugha dh tk ldh gSA fuj{kjrk dh leL;k dk lek/kku

ugha gqvk gSA f'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa esa csjkstxkjh vf/kd gks xbZ gS vkSj nwljh vksj m|ksxksa

esa izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dk vHkko gSA lkjka'k esa f'k{kk dh la[;kRed o`f) rks gqbZ gS ij

xq.kkRed fodkl ugha gqvk gSA

3- LorU=rk izkfIr ds ckn Hkkjr us jk"Vªh; fodkl ds uohu ;qx esa izos'k fd;k gSA

blds y{; gSa& /keZfujis{k yksdrU= dh LFkkiuk] jgu&lgu dk mfpr Lrj] Ñf"k

vk/kqfudhdj.k] m|ksxksa dk fodkl] vk/kqfud foKku o rduhdh dk iz;ksx] jkstxkj

o lkaLÑfrd voljksa dh lekurkA bu y{;ksa dh izkfIr rHkh gks ldrh gS] tc f'k{kk

iz.kkyh esa vkewy&pwy ifjorZu fd;k tk,A

v/;k;&25

C


4- Hkkjr ljdkj dks bl ckr dk iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd f'k{kk jk"Vªh; le`f) dk vk/kkj

gSA ljdkj us f'k{kk vkSj oSKkfud vuqla/kku ij vf/kd /ku O;; djus dk fu'p;

fd;kA

5- 'kSf{kd fodkl ds lEiw.kZ {ks= dh tk¡p djuk okaNuh; gS D;ksafd fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks

f'k{kk dk izxfr'khy dsUnz rHkh cuk;k tk ldrk gS tc mPp ek/;fed vkSj

izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dk lqpk: :i ls lapkyu gksxkA bu dkj.kksa ls f'k{kk vk;ksx dh

fu;qfDr dh xbZA

iz'u-2- ek/;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx@eqnkfy;j f'k{kk deh'ku ds eq[; mís'; D;k Fks\

What are main objectives/purposes of Secondary Education Commission?

mÙkj- f'k{kk ds mís';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k ns'k] lekt vkSj O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drkvksa dks /;ku esa

j[kdj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A yksdra=h; Hkkjr dh 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa dks ek/;fed

f'k{kk ds fof'k"V mís';ksa dk vk/kkj cuk;k ijUrq bu mís';ksa dk fuekZ.k djus ls igys

mlus yksdra=h; Hkkjr dh 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksas ij izdk'k MkykA ;s vko';drk,¡

fuEufyf[kr gS &

1- Hkkjr lk/ku lEiUu gS] ijUrq bl le; og fu/kZurk esa Mwck gS] vr% ;g vko';d gS

fd f'k{kk }kjk yksxksa dh mRiknu 'kfDr dk fodkl fd;k tk,] jk"Vªh; lEifÙk esa

o`f) dh tk,] bl izdkj yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks Å¡pk mBk;k tk,A

2- Hkkjr esa 'kSf{kd lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko gSA yksx vkthfodk dh leL;k ls tw> jgs gSaA

vr% vko';d gS fd f'k{kk i)fr esa bl izdkj lq/kkj fd;k tk, fd os lkaLÑfrd

iqu:RFkku esa ;ksx ns ldasA

3- f'k{kk }kjk ukxfjdksa esa ,slh vknrksa] vfHk:fp;ksa rFkk pkfjf=d xq.kksa dk fodkl

fd;k tk, ftlls os vius mÙkjnkf;Rokas dks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr fuHkk ldsa vkSj mu izo`fÙk;ksa

dks jksd ldsa tks jk"Vªh;rk ,oa /keZ fujis{krk ds fy, ck/kd gSA

vk;ksx us ek/;fed f'k{kd ds fuEu mís'; fn, &

1- yksdra=h; ukxfjdrk dk fodkl (Development of Democratic Citizenship)

2- thou&;kiu dh dyk esa nh{kk (Initiation into the Art of Living)

3- O;fDrRo dk fodkl (Development of Personality)

4- O;kolkf;d dq'kyrk dh mUufr (Improvement of Vocational Efficiency)

5- usr`Ro ds fy, f'k{kk (Education for Leadership)


6- lPps ns'k izse dh Hkkouk dk fodkl (Development of a Souse of True Patriotism)

7- fo|ky; esa iqLrdky; dk LFkku (Place of Library in School)

8- pfj= fuekZ.k dh f'k{kk (Education of Character)

9- ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa ekxZn'kZu vkSj funZs'ku (Guidance and Counselling in

Secondary Schools)

10- ijh{kk vkSj ewY;kadu (Examination and Evaluation)

11- v/;kidksa dh fLFkfr esa lq/kkj (Improvement of Teacher's Status)

12- iz'kklu dh leL;k,¡ (Problems of Administration)

□ □ □


jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr ¼1986½

National Education Policy

iz'u-1- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ¼1986½ dh eq[; flQkfj'ksa D;k Fkh\

What are the major recommendations of National Education Policy 1986?

mÙkj- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ¼1986½ (National Education Policy 1986) : jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr

¼1986½ dk f'k{kk fonksa ds O;kid vk/kkj ij fu:i.k fd;k x;k ftlesa f'k{kk fo'ks"kKksa ds

vfrfjDr vU; cqf)thfo;ksa us viuk lfØ; ;ksxnku fn;kA

bl lfefr dh izeq[k flQkfj'ksa fuEu izdkj ls of.kZr gS &

izkFkfed f'k{kk (Primary Education) :

1- fo|ky; f'k{kk esa $ 2 ds Lrj dks lEiw.kZ ns'k esa viuk;k tk,A

2- tutkfr {ks=ksa esa izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij izkFkfed fo|ky; [kksys tk,¡A

3- jk"Vªh; f'k{kd f'k{kk ifj"kn~ vkSj jk"Vªh; izkS<+ f'k{kk laLFkk dks uhfr dk;kZUo;u esas

lgHkkxh cuk;k tk,A

4- O;kolkf;d f'k{kk] jkstxkj ;k Lojkstxkj] vko';drk o :fp ij vk/kkfjr gksaA

5- vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk fodkl fd;k tk,A

ek/;fed f'k{kk (Secondary Education) :

1- ek/;fed f'k{kk dk foLrkj ckfydkvksa vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr dh nf"V ls fd;k

tk, rFkk dEI;wVj lk{kjrk miyC/k djkbZ tk,A

2- uoksn; fo|ky;ksa dks fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq tkjh j[kk tk,A

3- O;kolkf;d f'k{kk ,d i`Fkd /kkjk ds :i esa ek/;fed Lrj ds ckn jgsaA

v/;k;&26

C


mPp f'k{kk (Higher Education) :

1- laLÑr rFkk vU; 'kkL=h; Hkk"kkvksa ds v/;;u dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq ,d

Lok;Ùk'kklh vk;ksx LFkkfir gksxkA

2- nwjLFk f'k{kk dks thoui;ZUr izfØ;k ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,A

3- bfUnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; [kqyk fo'ofo|ky; jkT;ksa esa [kqys fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk esa

lgk;d gksxkA

4- xf.kr f'k{k.k vk/kqfud rduhdh ;qfDr;ksa ls fd;k tk,A

5- lHkh Ldwyksa esa ;ksx f'k{kk dk lekos'k gks rFkk f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øeksa esa Hkh

bldk lekos'k gksA

6- cká ijh{kkvksa ds izHkqRo dks lekIr djus gsrq ,d *jk"Vªh; ijh{kk lq/kkj dk;Z

:ijs[kk* fufeZr dj lHkh ijh{kk fudk;ksa dk ekxZ n'kZu fd;k tk,A

□ □ □


Ekkuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;

Ministry of Human Resources for Development

iz'u-1- ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh Hkwfedk dks foosfpr dhft,A

Discuss the role of MHRD (Ministry of Human Resourses for Devlopment).

mÙkj- ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; : Lora=rk ds i'pkr~ f'k{kk foHkkx dks f'k{kk ea=ky; esa

ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA lu~ 1957 esa f'k{kk ea=ky; ds lkFk oSKkfud vuqla/kku dks

tksM+k x;k vkSj lu~ 1958 esa bl ea=ky; dh nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k &

¼1½ f'k{kk ea=ky; ¼2½ oSKkfud vuqla/kku ,oa lkaLÑfrd ekeyksa dk ea=ky;

Hkwfedk (Introduction) :

26 flrEcj 1985 esa bldh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1963 eas iqu% nksuks ea=ky;ksa dh la;qDr

fd;k x;kA 1964&65 esa f'k{kk ea=ky; dk iquZxBu gqvkA ,oa blesa nks C;wjksa vkSj tksMs

x;sA vkSj vUr esa 1985 esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh LFkkiuk gqbZ ftlesa 5

foHkkx gSA

1- f'k{kk foHkkx (Department of Education)

2- laLÑfr foHkkx (Department of Cultural Activities)

3- dyk foHkkx (Department of Arts)

4- ;qok ekeys ,oa [ksydwn foHkkx (Department of Youth Affairs & Sports)

5- efgyk vkSj cky lqj{kk foHkkx (Department of Women and Children)

blesa loksZPp inkf/kdkjh dsUnzh; ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h gksrs gS ea=h th dh

lgk;rk ds fy;s dsUnzh; lfpoky; esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; gksrk gS tks fd

'kkL=h Hkou ubZ fnYyh esa gSA ea=h th le;≤ ij uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa ea=h e.My ds

lEeq[k izLrko j[krs gSA lalnh; dk;kZs esa ea=h dh enn ds fy;s ,d miea=h ,oa

yksdlHkk o jkT;lHkk ds fy;s vyx&vyx lfpo gksrs gSA ekuo lalk/ku fodkl

ea=ky; ds izR;sd foHkkx dh ns[kjs[k dk nkf;Ro jkT;&ljdkjksa ij gS ijUrq f'k{kk dks

fodflr djuk rFkk mlds Lrj dks Å¡pk mBkuk dsUnzh; ljdkj dk nkf;Ro gSA

v/;k;&27

C


ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh iz'kklfud O;oLFkk :

ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h

f'k{kk lykgdkj f'k{kk lfpo

la;qDr f'k{kk lykgdkj mif'k{kk lykgdkj ¼izR;sd foHkkx ds fy,½

dk;kZy; v/kh{kd

lykg v/kh{kd

ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh izeq[k bdkbZ;k¡ :

¼v½ lkaLÑfrd fo"k;d bdkbZ

dk;Z & jk"VªHkk"kk ,oa jk"Vªh; laLÑfr dks mUur cuk;s j[kus dk nkf;Ro

& jk"Vªh; ,drk dks c<+kok

& vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEcU/kksa dk fodkl djrh gSA

¼c½ Nk=o`fr rFkk lwpuk lEcU/kh bdkbZ

dk;Z & izfrHkk'kkyh xjhc Nk=ksa dh Nk=o`fr dh O;oLFkk djuk vkSj mudh vkfFkZd

lgk;rk nsukA

& lwpuk,s miyC/k djokukA

¼l½ oSKkfud f'k{kk lEcU/kh bdkbZ

dk;Z & vkS|ksfxd f'k{kk dk fodkl djukA

& oSKkfud Lrj dks Å¡pk mBkukA

¼n½ fo'ofo|ky; ds vfrfjDr vU; f'k{kk dh izxfr dh bdkbZ

dk;Z & lkekftd f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djukA

& vkS|ksfxd f'k{kk O;oLFkk djukA

& vuqla/kku dh O;oLFkk djukA

& vlgk;ksa dh f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djukA

¼bZ½ fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk lEcU/kh bdkbZ

dk;Z & dsUnzh; fo'ofo|ky; dh O;oLFkk djukA

& iqjkrRo lEcU/kh dk;ZØeksa dh O;oLFkk djukA

& jk"Vªh; laxzgky;= dsUnzh; iqLrdky; dh O;oLFkk Hkh djrh gSA

□ □ □


jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,ao izf’k{k.k

National Council of Education Research and Training

iz'u-1- fVIi.kh fy[kks & jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.kA

Write a Short Note on - National Council of Educational Research and Training.

mÙkj- jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k

ifjp; mís'; lajpuk foLrkj izdk'ku dk;Z iz.kkyh

1- Hkwfedk ¼ifjp;½ : jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k dh LFkkiuk 1 flrEcj 1996 esa

dh x;hA bldk eq[;ky; fnYyh esa fLFkr gSA rFkk blds fuEu mís'; gSa &

1- Ldwyh f'k{kk ds {ks= esa fodklkRed ,oa xq.kkRed lq/kkj ykukA

2- ;g fo|ky;h f'k{kk ds Lo:i] ikB~;Øe ,oa ewY;kadu dh rduhd esa vko';d

ifjorZu ykus ds fy, iz;kljr gSA

3- lafo/kku dh /kkjk 45 es 14 o"kZ rd ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fu%'kqYd f'k{kk miyC/k

djkus dk dk;Z ;g ifj"kn djkrh gSA

2- mís'; :

1- f'k{kk ds {ks=ksa esa vuqla/kku dks c<+kok nsukA

2- lsokiwoZ ,oa lsokjr v/;kidksa dks izf'k{k.k djukA

3- 'kSf{kd ;kstukvksa dk ewY;kadu djukA

v/;k;&28

C


4- Hkkjr ljdkj ,oa jkT; ljdkjksa dh 'kSf{kd lq>ko iznku djukA

5- ikB~; iqLrdsa lkekU; ,oa vU; lkfgR; dk izdk'ku djukA

6- f'k{kk esa lEcfU/kr lwpukvksa dk lxzag.k djukA

7- f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr uokpkjksa dks c<+kok nsuk ,oa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dks

uhfr fuekZ.k dh lykg nsukA

8- ,u- lh- Vh- bZ- ds fy;s dk;Z djukA

9- ;wfuLdksa ,oa ;qfulsQ tSlh vUjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa ,oa vU; ns'kksa dh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa

ls leUo; LFkkfir dj vko';d 'kSf{kd tkudkfj;k¡ izkIr djukA

3- lajpuk :

1- egkifj"kn~ : dk dk;Z uhfr fu/kkZj.k djukA

lnL; : dsUnzh; ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h bldk v/;{k gksrk gSA

& ;w- th- lh- ds v/;{k

& f'k{kk ea=ky; ds lfpo

& pkj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr

& 12 dk;Zdkjh lnL; ftlesa de ls de 2] 2] fo|ky; v/;kid gksus pkfg;sA

& lHkh jkT;ksa ,oa dsUnz 'kkflr izns'kksa ds f'k{kk ea=h

2- dk;Zdkjh lfefr :

xBu & ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dk insu lnL; bldk v/;{k gksrk gSA

& dsUnzh; ekuo lalk/ku jkT; fodkl ea=h bldk v/;{k gksrk gSA

& f'k{kk ea=ky; ds miea=h

& f'k{kk ea=ky; ds lfpo

& ifj"kn ds funs'kd

& ;w- th- lh- ds v/;{k

& ns'k ls pqus x;s pkj f'k{kkfon~ ftudh Ldwyh f'k{kk esa xgu :fp gks

& foÙk ea=ky; dk izfrfuf/k

dk;Z : ;g fofHkUu lfefr;ksa dh flQkfj'kksa dk leUo; djrh gS rFkk ifj"kn~ ds

leLr iz'kklfud dk;Z ;g lfefr gh djrh gSA


dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh lgk;rk djus okyh laLFkk,sa :

& foÙk lfefr

& LFkkiuk lfefr

& izdk'k Hkou ,oa fuekZ.k lfefr

& 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku lfefr

& leLr {ksf=; 'kSf{kd fo'ofo|ky;

& foKku ,oa dk;ZØe lykgdkj lfefr

4- foLrkj : lHkh jkT;ksa esa f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu izdkj ds dk;ZØeksa }kjk ifj"kn dk

foLrkj fd;k tk jgk gSA ifj"kn~ ds izeq[k dk;kZy;] {ks=h; lykgdkj dk;kZy;] {ks=h;

f'k{kk dkWyst jk"Vªh; f'k{kk laLFkku vkfn ifj"kn~ dks dk;kZs dk foLrkj djus esa lgHkkxh

gSA ifj"kn le;≤ ij jk"Vªh; vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] dk;Z'kkyk,¡] izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vkfn

dk vk;kstu dj ns'k ds dksus&dksus esa f'k{kk dk foLrkj djus esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk

jgh gSA

5- izdk'ku :

1- d{kk 1 ls 12 rd dh ikB~;&iqLrdsa

2- ekxZnf'kZdk,sa

3- izeq[k tujy

(i) Indian Educational resource

(ii) School Science

(iii) General of Indian Education

(iv) Primary Teacher

(v) Indian Modern Education

(vi) General of value Education

(vii) Indian Educational abstract

□ □ □


jkT; f’k{kk foHkkx

State Department of Education

iz'u-1- fVIi.kh fy[kks & jkT; f'k{kk foHkkx

Write a Short Note on - State Department of Education.

mÙkj- Hkwfedk (Introduction) :

1- jkT; ds f'k{kk ea=ky; dk izeq[k f'k{kk ea=h gksrs gS tks dsfcusV Lrj ds gksrs gSA

2- f'k{kk ea=h dh lgk;rk ds fy;s ,d ;k nks f'k{kk jkT; ea=h ;k f'k{kk miea=h gks

ldrs gSA

3- vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa fLFkfr vyx&vyx gksrh gSA ;g og jkT; ds vkdkj

eaf=e.My ds xBu ij fuHkZj djrh gSA

4- f'k{kkea=h f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr uhfr;ksa ds fu/kkZj.k ,oa muds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s

mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSaA

5- f'k{kkea=h dsoy vius {ks= ls lEcfU/kr vFkkZr izkFkfed ek/;fed dkWyst

fo'ofo|ky; dh lkekU; f'k{kk ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gSA

6- LokLF;] baftfu;fjax izfof/k Ñf"k m|ksx vkfn ds fy;s lEcU/k foHkkx ds ea=h

mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSaA

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f'k{kk ea=ky; dk xBu

jkT; ek/;fed

f'k{kk cksMZ

jkT; f'k{kk

ewY;kadu cksMZ

f'k{kk lfpoky;

funs'kky;]

mifuns'kd ftyk

f'k{kk vf/kdkjh

CykWd f'k{kk

vf/kdkjh

jkT; fo|ky;

f'k{kk cksMZ

mPp ek/;fed

f'k{kk desVh

ftyk

fo|ky; cksMZ

CykWd

fo|ky; cksMZ

f'k{kk ea=h ds izeq[k dk;Z

1- jkT; f'k{kk dks usr`Ro iznku djukA

2- lkjs jkT; dh f'k{kk dk leUo; djukA

3- fo/kkulHkk ;k fo/kkue.My dh f'k{kk lEcU/kh lq>ko nsukA

4- f'k{kk lEcU/kh iwNs x;s iz'uksa dk fo/kkulHkk esa mÙkj nsukA

5- jkT; ds 'kSf{kd dk;kZs dk ewY;kadu djukA

6- f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr vuqla/kku dks c<+kok nsukA

7- dsUnz ls leUo; LFkkfir djukA

8- f'k{kk ea=h dks nks vfHkx.kuksa ¼,tsUlh½ ds ek/;e ls dk;kZs esa lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh

gSA

f'k{kk lfpoky; : blds izeq[k ?kVd fuEufyf[kr gS &

1- f'k{kk ea=h

2- f'k{kk jkT; ea=h

3- f'k{kk lfpo

4- mi f'k{kk lfpo

5- lgk;d f'k{kk lfpo


6- lewg vf/kdkjh

7- foHkkxh; vf/kdkjh

8- f'k{kk lfpo vkbZ- ,- ,l- vf/kdkjh gksrs gSA ;s f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr uhfr;ksa dks

cukrs gSA ea=h th dks lykg nsrs gS] vkSj mu uhfr;ksa dks fØ;kfUor djus dk

nkf;Ro Hkh mu ij gksrk gSA jkT; ljdkj ds ftrus Hkh vkns'k fudyrs gSA f'k{kk

lfpo ds uke ls fudyrs gSA

f'k{kk funs'kky; :

1- ;g lfpoky; dh f'k{kk uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djrk gS ;g f'k{kk dh izxfr] 'kSf{kd

vko';drkvksa dh tkudkjh rFkk jkT; esa f'k{kk dh izxfr ds ckjs esa jkT; ljdkj

dks lwpuk nsrk gS rFkk ;g turk dh izfrfØ;k, ljdkj rd igq¡pkrk gSA

2- f'k{kk funs'kd jkT; dk lokZsPp mPpkf/kdkjh gksrk gSA ;g eq[; dk;Zdkjh

vf/kdkjh Hkh gS budh lgk;rk ds fy;s mi f'k{kk funs'kd ,oa vU; f'k{kk

vf/kdkjh gksrs gSA ;g izkFkfed ,oa vk/kqfud f'k{kk ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSaA

□ □ □


ftyk f’k{kk ,oa izf’k{k.k laLFkku

District Institute of Education and Training

iz'u-1- ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkku dk mís';] laxBu ,oa dk;kZs dk foospu dhft,A

Discuss the Aims, Organization and functions of District Institute of Education and Training. (D. I. E. T.).

mÙkj- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 esa izkFkfed f'k{kk esa uohUes"k ds fy;s nks igyqvksa ij fo'ks"k cy

fn;k x;k gSA

(i) pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q ds ckyd ckfydkvksa dk lkoZtfud ukekadu ,oa BgjkoA

(ii) f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa Bksl vk/kkjA

f'k{kd izf'k{k.k ,d fujUrj izfØ;k gS vkSj blds lsokiw.kZ o lsokjr vax i`Fkd ugh

fd;s tk ldrsA vr% nwljs igyw dh fØ;kfUofr ds fy;s jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dh dk;Z

;kstukUrxZr izR;sd ftys Lrj ij f'k{kd izf'k{k.k fo|ky; dks ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k

laLFkku ¼MkbV½ dk ,d vax Lohdkj dj laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh x;h gSA

MkbV dk laxBu &

MkbV (DIET) ds izHkkx ,oa dk;Z {ks=

izHkkx (Unit) :

1- lsokiwoZ f'k{kd izf'k{k.k (DSTE) :

dk;Z{ks= & (i) izkFkfed Lrj ds v/;kidksa ds fy;s lsokiwoZ izf'k{k.k (STC)

(ii) f'k{k.k vf/kxe lkexzh rS;kj djukA

(iii) dk;kZuqHko dk;ZØe esa izkFkfed fo|ky;] mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;

,oa izks<+ f'k{kk dsUnzks dks lg;ksx iznku djukA

(iv) lkeqnkf;d lsok dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djukA

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2- ftyk lanHkZ bdkbZ District Reference Unit (DRU) :

dk;Z & (i) ftys ds izks<+ f'k{kk ,oa vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe dk leUo;

djukA

(ii) i;Zos{kdksa ,oa vuqns'kdksa dh izf'kf{kr djukA

3- lsokjr f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dsUnz {ks= vUr% fØ;k ,oa uokpkj leUo; (IFIC) :

dk;Z & (i) lsokjr f'k{kd izf'k{k.k ,oa vfHkueu dk;Z vk;ksftr djukA

(ii) ftyk f'k{kk iz'kklu dks ftyk 'kSf{kd ;kstuk esa lg;ksx iznku

djukA

(iii) fØ;k vuqla/kku }kjk 'kSf{kd leL;kvksa ds lek/kku [kkstukA

(iv) uohu f'k{k.k rduhdh dk izHkkoh mi;ksx djukA

4- ikB~;Øe f'k{k.k lkexzh fodkl ,oa ewY;kadu ¼izHkkx½ :

dk;Z & (i) ikB~;Øe fodflr@fuf'pr djukA

(ii) ewY;kadu fo|kvksa ij dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr djukA

(iii) f'k{k.k rduhdh dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djukA

(iv) ftyk lanHkZ bdkbZ ds dk;kZs esa lg;ksx nsukA

5- 'kSf{kd izks|ksfxdh :

dk;Z & (i) de ykxr dh f'k{k.k lkexzh rS;kj djukA

(ii) dEI;wVj] JO; n'; lkexzh dk j[kj[kko] mi;ksx ,oa izn'kZuA

(iii) vkWfM;ks fofM;ksa dSlsV dk laxzg] LykbZM] fQYe dk vknku

iznku ,oa izHkkoh f'k{k.k dk mi;ksxA

6- ;kstuk ,oa izca/ku ;qfuV :

dk;Z & (i) iz/kkuk/;kidksa] 'kkyklaxe v/;{kksa ,oa CykWd ysoy ds f'k{kk

vf/kdkfj;ksa dk izf'k{k.kA

(ii) Ldwy esfiax] ekbZØks Iykfuax esa vf/kdkfj;ksa dk lg;ksx iznku

djukA

(iii) 'kS{kf.kd vkadMs+a lyaXu djukA

(iv) fiNMs+ {ks=ksa dk 'kSf{kd n`f"V ls vkadyu djukA


7- iz'kklfud 'kk[kk foHkkx :

dk;Z & (i) laLFkku ds leLr fØ;kdyki dh fØ;kfUofr gsrq igy djukA

(ii) iz'kklu lEcU/kh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lapkyu djukA

ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkku ds eq[; mís'; : jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 dh dk;Z

;kstuk esa (DIET) ds mís'; fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;sA

(A) vukSipkfjd ,oa izkS<+ f'k{kk ds vuqns'kdksa o i;Zos{kdks dh dk;kZjEHk izf'k{k.k ,oa

iwuZopu dk vk;kstu djukA

(B) fo|ky; ladqy ,oa ftyk f'k{kk cksMZ dks 'kSf{kd lg;ksx nsukA

(C) f'k{kk la[;kuksa] ftyk f'k{kk cksMZ] fo|ky; laxBu] vkfn dh 'kSf{kd lykg ,oa

ekxZ funsZ'ku nsukA

(D) 'kSf{kd iz'kklu o 'kSf{kd lq/kkjksa dk fodsUnzh dj.k djukA

(E) ftyk Lrj ij 'kSf{kd ;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k djukA

(F) izkFkfed ,oa izkS<+ f'k{kk dk;ZØe ds izHkkoh :i ls lapkyu esa ftyk f'k{kk iz'kklu

dk lg;ksx djukA

□ □ □


f’k{kd f’k{kk egkfo/kky;

College of Teacher Education

iz'u-1- fVIi.kh fy[kks & f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;A

Write a Short Note on - College of Teacher Education (C. T. E.).

mÙkj- Hkwfedk (Introduction) :

1- 1986 dh ubZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr esa Programme of action ds rgr C.T.E. dh

ladYiuk dh xbZ gSA

2- izR;sd jkT; esa {ks=okj LFkkfir fd;s x;s budk izeq[k dk;Z In Service & Pre

Servise Teachers dh Traning dh O;oLFkk djukA

dk;Z (Functions) :

1- izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk djukA

2- fjlpZ dks c<+kok nsukA

3- MkbV ds dk;kZs esa lg;ksx nsukA

4- tula[;k f'k{kk] i;kZoj.k f'k{kk] dEI;wVj f'k{kk ds orientatin programme dh

O;oLFkk djukA

5- fo"k;okj v/;kidksa ds fy;s izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk djukA

CTE in Rajasthan :

1- Jh vxzlsu vkn'kZ fo|k efUnj f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky; ds'ko fo|kihB] tkeMksyh]

t;iqjA

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2- xka/kh f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] xqykciqjk] HkhyokM+kA

3- vk;Z fo|kihB efgyk f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] eqlkoj] HkjriqjA

4- 'kkg xksfoUn yky dkcjk f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] tks/kiqjA

5- yksdekU; fryd f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] Mcksd] mn;iqjA

6- gfjHkkÅ mik/;k; efgyk f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] gVq.MhA

7- xzkeksRFkku fo|kihB usg: f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] lkaxfj;kA

8- xksihÑ".k ihjkey f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;] cXxM] >qU>uqA

□ □ □


jktLFkku ek/;fed f’k{kk e.My

Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education

iz'u-1- jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

Write a Short Note on Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education (R. B. S. E.).

mÙkj- v/;kid f'k{kk esa dsUnz vkSj jkT; Lrj ij f'k{kk ds lk/kuksa dks foHkktu nks Lrjksa ij

fd;k x;k gSA

1- dsUnz f'k{kk ds vfHkdj.k

2- jkT; Lrj ds f'k{kk ds vfHkdj.k

izeq[k :i ls f'k{kk ds 5 jkT; vfHkdj.k fy;s x;s gS &

(A) jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My (R.B.S.E.)

(B) jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn ~ (S.C.E.R.T.)

(C) mPp v/;;u f'k{kk laLFkku (I.A.S.E.)

(D) f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky; (C.T.E.)

(E) ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkku (D.I.E.T.)

jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My : bldh LFkkiuk lu~ 1957 ds jktLFkku ek/;fed

f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj gqbZA bldk eq[;ky; vtesj esa gSA

budh lnL; la[;k 25 gSA ftUgs pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA

1- insu lnL; & blesa f'k{kk lapkyd] izkfof/kd f'k{kk lapkyd jkT; ds okf.kT; rFkk

m|ksx fodkl ds v/;{k rFkk ,u- lh- lh- cVkfy;u dk lfdZy dek.MjA

2- fuokZfpr lnL; & lhusV }kjk fuokZfpr ikap lnL;A

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3- jkT; ljdkj }kjk euksuhr 13 lnL;A

4- izfrf"Br lgor (Co-opted) f'k{kk 'kkL=hA

bl e.My dk ek/;fed f'k{kk ds {ks= esa vdknfed fu;a=.k jgrk gSA blds }kjk

ek/;fed vkSj mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; dh ¼d{kk 10 vkSj 12½ ijh{kk,a yh tkrh gS vkSj

bu ijh{kk dsUnzks dk p;u o fujh{k.k] ek/;fed ,oa mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa dks

ØeksUur djus gsrq fujh{k.k] fo|ky;ksa esa uohu ladk; [kksyus ds fy, fujh{k.k djuk

vkfn vusd dk;Z djk;s tkrs gSSA

jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My ds izeq[k dk;Z (Main Functions of Rajasthan

Board of Secondary Education) :

1- jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My dk eq[; dk;Z d{kk 10 ,oa 12 d{kkvksa dh

ijh{kkvksa dk lapkyu djuk gSA ijh{kk ls lEcfU/kr vU; lHkh dk;Z tSls ijh{kk

dsUnzks dh fu;qfDr iz'u&i= rS;kj djkuk ,oa buls lEcfU/kr lHkh foÙkh; fLFkfr

f'k{kk&cksMZ dk gh dk;Z gSA

2- le;≤ ij ikB~;Øe dk uohuhdj.k djuk] muesa lq/kkj djuk Hkh blh e.My

dk dk;Z gSA

3- jktLFkku ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My d{kk 10 ,oa 12 ds mÙkh.kZ Nk=ksa ds fy,

izek.k&i= rS;kj djuk vkSj mUgsa lEcfU/kr fo|ky;ksa esa igq¡pkus dk dk;Z djrk gSA

4- ijh{kkvksa ds lapkyu dk;Z ds lkFk&lkFk muds ewY;kadu lEcU/kh dk;Z tSls& mÙkj

iqfLrdk,sa cuokuk mUgsa lEcfU/kr dsUnzks rd igq¡pkuk] iqLrdksa ds tapokus dk lEiw.kZ

mÙkjnkf;Ro rFkk var esa ijh{kk&ifj.kke fudkyuk vkfn dk;Z f'k{kk e.My ds dk;ksZ

esa gSA

5- vfuok;Z iqLrdksa dk eqnz.k] forj.k ,oa ewY;kadu o ijh{kk&lq/kkj vkfn ds dk;Z blh

e.My ds vUrxZr vkrs gSA

□ □ □


'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu MkW- iq"iyrk dq'kokg] dud lDlsuk

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu MkW- izHkk 'kekZ ,e- ih flag R;kxh]

vkj- ,u- pksiMk

'kSf{kd izcU/k izks- ts- ih- oekZ

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu MkW- jkts'k oekZ] MkW- ljkst lDlsuk

fo|ky; izcU/k izks- v'kksd flMkuk] vydk ikfjd]

MkW g"kZ dqekj] lqys[kk ikjhd

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu MkW- ljkst 'kekZ]

uoizHkkdj yky xksLokuh

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu ujsUnz flag cSl] lat; nÙkk

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laxBu izks- v'kksd flMkuk] vatfy 'kekZ

ek/;fed f'k{kk ,oa izcU/k izks- v'kksd flMkuk] MkW- eatw 'kekZ

'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky; laXkBu izks- lqyseku Vkad] ch- ,e- 'kekZ]

lqHkzk prqosZnh

□ □ □

lUnHkZ xzaFk


jktLFkku fo’ofo|ky;] jktLFkku

ch-,M- ijh{kk iz’u&i=, 2010 r`rh; iz’u&i=


o"kZ-2010

le;% 3 ?k.Vs iw.kkZad % 80

bl iz'u&i= esa nks Hkkx gSa & ^v* vkSj ^c*A Hkkx ^v* esa ckjg y?kwŸkjkRed iz'u gSa] ftuesa ls

lkr iz'u djus gSaA izR;sd iz'u 5 vad dk gSA bu iz'uksa dk mŸkj 2 i`"B ls vf/kd ugha gksuk

pkfg,A Hkkx ^c* esa rhu fucU/kkRed iz'u gSaA izR;sd iz'u esa vkUrfjd fodYi gSA Hkkx ^c* ds

lHkh rhuksa iz'u djus gSaA izR;sd iz'u 15 vad dk gSA

[k.M &^v*

iz'u-%1 'kSf{kd izcU/ku dk vk/kqfud lEizR;; Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%2 f'k{kk ds fodsUnzhdj.k esa LFkkuh; iz'kklu dh Hkwfedk dk mYys[k dhft;saA

iz'u-%3 'kSf{kd izcU/k ds dsUnzh;dj.k dks ,d mnkgj.k }kjk Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%4 usr`Ro D;k gSa\ le>kb;sa o eq[; fo'ks"krkvksas dks mYysf[kr dhft;sA

iz'u-%5 iz/kkuk/;kid ds ukrs fo|ky; esa 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k lq/kkjus gsrq ik¡p lq>ko fyf[k;sA

iz'u-%6 i;Zos{k.k o fujh{k.k esa eq[; ik¡p vUrj fyf[k;sA

iz'u-%7 vuq'kklu dh vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k dhft;sA

iz'u-%8 e/;dkyhu f'k{kk ds D;k mÌs'; Fks\

iz'u-%9 fo|ky;h; le; foHkkx pØ ds ckjs esa fyf[k;sA

iz'u-%10 ckS)dkyhu f'k{kk dh orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k mikns;rk gSa\


iz'u-%11 dsUnzh; f'k{kk lykgdkj ifj"kn D;k gSa\

Hkkx ^c*

iz'u-%12 'kSf{kd izcU/k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;s rFkk blds izeq[k dk;ksZ dk mYys[k dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%12 laLFkkxr ;kstuk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ blds mÌs';ks ds ckjs esa fyf[k;s vkSj fo|ky;

iz'kklu esa blds egRo dks Li"V dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%13 ^^vk/kqfud f'k{kk ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; lekt ds Lo:i dks ifjofrZr djusa esa vlQy jgh

gSA** bl lUnHkZ esa orZeku Hkkjr dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa oSfnd f'k{kk dh D;k mikns;rk gSa\

le>kb;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%13 fo|ky;h; ikB~;Øeksa esa ikB~; lgxkeh fØ;kvksa dk 'kSf{kd egŸo D;k gSa\ fo|ky; esa

ikB~;Øe lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds vk;kstu esa f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft;sA

iz'u-%14 jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn d lajpuk ,oa blds dk;ksZ dk o.kZu

dhft;sA ;g viuh la?kVd bdkb;ksa )kjk fdl rjg dk;Z djrh gSa\

vFkok

iz'u-%14 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;ka fyf[k;sa

¼1½ fo|ky; ctV

¼2½ f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky; ¼lh-Vh-bZ-½

¼3½ fo|ky; vfHkys[k ds j[k j[kko ds ik¡p mÌs';A

¼4½ 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds fl)kUr

¼5½ fo|ky; esa xgdk;Z ds mÌs';





o"kZ-2009






[k.M &^v*

iz'u-%1 'kSf{kd izcU/k dh D;k vko';drk gSa\ Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%2 lŸkk ds izR;k;kstu ds fl)kar D;k gSa\

iz'u-%3 vPNs usr`Ro ds vko';d xq.k D;k gSa\

iz'u-%4 fo|ky; ;kstuk fuekZ.k ds le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrksa ij izdk'k Mkfy;sA

iz'u-%5 i;Zos{k.k dh ijEijkxr ,oa vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A

iz'u-%6 vuq'kklu ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu fopkj/kkjkvksa dk mYys[k dhft;sA

iz'u-%7 fo|ky; esa le;&lkj.kh dk D;k iz;kstu gSa\

iz'u-%8 fo|ky; vfHkys[k dk vFkZ ,oa egŸo Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%9 oSfnddkyhu f'k{kk dk vFkZ Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%10 ykMZ eSdkys dh fuLiUnu uhfr Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%11 jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlU/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ ds dk;ksZ dks fyf[k;sA


Hkkx ^c*

iz'u-%12 lEiw.kZ xq.koRrk izcU/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ bldh eq[; pqukSfr;k¡ D;k gSa\ o.kZu

dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%12 usr`Ro dh fopkj/kkjkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ^^usrk tUetkr gksrs gS** dFku dh O;k[;k

dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%13 'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k dh izd`fr foospuk dhft;sA iz/kkuk/;kid dh i;Zos{kd ds :i esa

Hkwfedk ds fo"k; esa vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%13 ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa dhD;k lkFkZdrk gSa\ ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds vk;kstu lEcU/kh

eq[; fu;eksa dh rFkk dfBukb;ksa dh foospuk dhft;sA

iz'u-%14 dksBkjh f'k{kk vk;ksx ds ;qx izorZd fopkjksa dk o.kZu dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%14 fuEu esa ls fdUgha rhu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k;s%

¼1½ oqM fMLiSP ¼?kks"k.kk i=½

¼2½ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr] 1986A

¼3½ jk"Vªh; v/;kid f'k{kk ifj"kn~A

¼4½ dsUnzh; f'k{kk lykgdkj ifj"kn~A





o"kZ-2008






[k.M &^v*

iz'u-%1 ek/;fed Ldwy ds iz/kkuk/;kid gksus ds ukrs vki fdu ikB~;Øe ,oa ikB~;Øe ,oa

ikB~;&lkexzh fØ;kvksa dk laxBu djsaxs ftuesa iz'kkldh; yksdrU=kRed fl)karksa dh

ifjikyuk gks\

iz'u-%2 vuq'kklu dh vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k dhft;sA

iz'u-%3 ,d fo|ky; esa lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds ik¡p 'kSf{kd ykHk crkb;saA

iz'u-%4 fo|ky;h vfHkys[kksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fdUgha ik¡p vfHkys[kksa ds uke crkb;saA

iz'u-%5 ,d vPNs ifjos{kd ds eq[; xq.kks dh O;k[;k dhft;sA

iz'u-%6 laLFkkxr ;kstuk ds D;k fl)kar gSa\ fdUgha ik¡p fl)karks dks fyf[k;sA

iz'u-%7 dsUnzh; f'k{kk lykgdkj cksMZ ds dk;ksZ ds ckjs esa crkb;sA

iz'u-%8 e/;dkyhu f'k{kk ds D;k mÌs'; Fks\

iz'u-%9 jk"Vªh; f'k{kd f'k{kk ifj"kn~ ¼,u-lh-Vh-bZ-½ ls D;k vfHkizk; gSa\ blds dk;ksZ dk o.kZu

dhft;sA


iz'u-%10 usr`Ro dh eq[; ik¡p fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb;sA

iz'u-%11 'kSf{kd izcU/k dk vk/kqfud lEizR;; Li"V dhft;sA

Hkkx ^c*

iz'u-%12 fo|ky;ks esa c<rh gqbZ vuq'kklughurk ds D;k dkj.k gSa\ fo|ky;ksesa jpukRed

vuq'kklu ds foLrkj ds fy; vki fdu&fdu mik;ks dks viuk;saxsA

vFkok

iz'u-%12 fo|ky; ;kstuk fdls dgrs gSa\ vki ,d izHkkoh fo|ky; ;kstuk fdl izdkj rS;kj

djsaxs\ foLrkjiwoZd o.kZu dhft;sA

iz'u-%13 'kSf{kd izcU/k ds vfHkdj.kks vkSj muesa lg;ksx ds fl)karksa dh foLr`r ppkZ dhft;sA

vFkok

iz'u-%13 fo|ky; esa ,d le; lkj.kh dh D;k mi;ksfxrk gSa\ mu izeq[k fl)karks dks crkb;sa

ftUgssa ,d vPNh le; lkj.kh cukrs le; /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg;saA

vFkok

iz'u-%14 jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ dh lajpuk ,oa blds izeq[k dk;ksZ dk

o.kZu dhft;sA ;g viuh la?kVd bdkb;ks }kjk fdl rjg dk;Z djrh gaS\

iz'u-%14 oSfnd f'k{kk dh orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k mikns;rk gSa\ oSfnd f'k{kk iz.kkyh ds

mÌs'; Li"V dhft;s rFkk bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvks dk o.kZu dhft;sA





o"kZ-2007






[k.M &^v*

iz'u-%1 fujh{k.k rFkk i;Zos{k.k esa vUrj crkb;sA

iz'u-%2 'kSf{kd izcU/ku ds dsUnzh;dj.k dks ,d mnkgj.k }kjk Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%3 vkns'k dh ,drk ds ykHk gkfu fyf[k;sA

iz'u-%4 jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ ds izeq[k dk;ksZ dk o.kZu dhft;sA

iz'u-%5-% ^^oqM ?kks"k.kk i=** dk egRo Li"V dhft;sA

iz'u-%6 iz/kkuk/;kid ds ukrs fo|ky; esa 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k lq/kkjus gsrq ik¡p lq>ko nhft;sA

iz'u-%7 fo|ky;ks esa lgxkeh fØ;kvksa ds laxBu ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)akr crkb,A

iz'u-%8 le;&lkj.kh ds laxBu dh izeq[k leL;k;s D;k&D;k gSa\

iz'u-%9 mu ik¡p fo|ky;h vfHkys[kks dk uke crkb, tks ,d f'k{kd dks j[kus iMrs gSa rFkk

budks j[kusa esa vuqHko dh tkus okyh lkekU; dfBukb;ks dk mYys[k dhft;sA

iz'u-%10 ,d vPNs ifjos{kd ds eq[; xq.kks dh O;k[;k dhft;sA

iz'u-%11 usr`Ro dh vo/kkj.kk Li"V dhft;sA


Hkkx ^c*

iz'u-%12 ^^vk/kqfud f'k{kk ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; lekt ds Lo:i dks ifjorZu djus esa vlQy jgh

gSA**

vFkok

iz'u-%12 ckS)dkyhu f'k{kk dh orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k mikns;rk gSa\ ckS)dkyhu f'k{kk

iz.kkyh ds mÌs'; Li"V dhft;s rFkk bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft;sA

iz'u-%13 'kSf{kd izcU/k ds vfHkdj.kks vkSj mues lg;ksx ds fl)karks dh foLr`r ppkZ dhft,A

vFkok

iz'u-%13 ^^tSlk iz/kkuk/;kid gksxk oSlk gh Ldwy gksxk**A bl fVIi.kh ij viuh vkykspukRed

leh{kk nhft;sA vius fo|ky; esa ,d vkn'kZ 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k ,oa ikjLifjd lEcU/kksa

dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy;s iz/kkuk/;kid viuh lkFkh f'k{kdksa dks fdl izdkj izsfjr dj

ldrk gSa\

iz'u-%14 fo|ky;ksa esa c<+rh gqbZ vuq'kklu&ghurk ds D;k dkj.k gSa\ fo|ky; esa jpukRed

vuq'kklu ds foLrkj ds fy;s vki fdu&fdu mik;ks dks viuk;saxsA

vFkok

iz'u-%14 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;ka fyf[k;s % +

¼1½ laLFkkxr ;kstukA

¼2½ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986A

¼3½ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986A

¼4½ fo|ky; ctVA

¼5½ f'k{Kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky; ¼lh-Vh-bZ-½


Notes

Concept based notes 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky;...

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Transcript of Concept based notes 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa fo|ky;...