Concentrating Solar Power fileSolar for Science > Hamburg > 19./20.5.2011 Slide 2 > Solar Research>...

Concentrating Solar Power

Answers to key questions

Robert Pitz-Paal, DLR

Solar for Science > Hamburg > 19./20.5.2011

Slide 2 > Solar Research> Pitz-Paal

Overview

Concentrating Solar Power

How does it work?

What is the difference to PV?

What are the essential parts?

How much land do they need?

Do we have enough material to produce many of them?

What is the difference between the different technologies?

What is today’s markt size?

How much does solar electricity cost today?

How to reduce the costs?

How can Europe and Mena benefit from a cooperation?



Conventional power plants

How does it work ?



Solar thermal power plants

How does it work ?



Concentrating Solar Systems

Thermal Storage = More operating hours = Cost reduction

2000 h

+2000 h

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

0 5 10 15

Storage capacity [full-load hours]

Rela

tive

ele

ctr

icit

y c

osts

[%

]

no storage,

electricity costs = 100%

* assuming specific investment costs for the storage of 10 Euro/kWh

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Solar Anteil100%

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Solar Anteil100%

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Tageszeit

Sp

eic

her

TageszeitTageszeit

Sp

eic

her

Solar Anteil100%



Use Direct and diffuse sunlight

Size from Watt to MW

Installation: everywhere (roof etc.)

Capacity: 700 – 2000 full load hours

Reserve capacity: External

Proofed life time: > 20 years

Annual production (2004) >25 000 GWh

LEC (today) 0,20 – 0,35 €/kWh

Direct sunlight

10 MW to a few hundred MW

flat unused land

2000 – 7000 full load hours

Internal (fossil operation)

> 20 years

> 2 500 GWh

0,15 – 0,25 €/kWh

Characteristics PV CSP

What is the difference to PV?



What are their essential parts?



How much land do they need?

1 km² of desert land yields up to 200 - 300 GWhe/year

1 km² of desert land equals 50 MW coal or gas plant

1 km² of desert land saves 500,000 bbl of oil / year

1 km² of desert land avoids 200,000 tons CO2 / year

1 km² of desert land can produce 165,000 m³ freshwater/day by desalination



Do we have enough materials for solar collectors to

provide 10% of the worlds electricity demand in 2050?

Example: Eurotrough Parabolictrough Collector Field

*2,500 TWh

3 m² Kollektor <-> 1 MWh/y

Material Material per

mirror

surface

Material per

GWh produced

Material for

10% solar

electricity

supply*

Annual

production

(in year)

Steel 25 kg/m² 75 t/(GWh/y) 375 Mio. t 1100 Mio. t

(2005)

Glass 1 m²/m² 3000 m²/(GWh/y) 15 Billion m² 6,1 Billion m²

(2010)

Cement 10 kg/m² 30 t/ (GWh/y) 150 Mio t 1,6 Billion t

(1997)

Cooper 100 g/m² 300 kg/(GWh/y) 1,5 Mio t 12,6 Mio t/y



What is the difference between the different technologies?



What is today’s market size?




Depends on many things..

Solar Ressource, Market condition, duration of contract, radiation, financing conditions, power size…

Example Spain

up to 27 €-cent/kWh in Spain

Revenues ensured over the life-time of the power plant (25 years )

Units up to 50MW

Hybrid operation allowed to buffer or cloud transients (12-15%)




Comparison based on “Levelized Cost of Electricity”

Calculation based on Data form US Department of Energy 2010,

(Currency conversion 2010 $/€ = 0.755)

Technology LCoE Capacity EPC cost Cap factor Fuel costs O&M fix O&M var

€c/kWh MW €/kW_e (-) €c/kWh_e €/kW/y €c/kWh_e CSP: 100 MW

w/o storage (Arizona) 17,9 100 3542 0,28 0 48 0 Pulverized coal:

650 MW: base-

load 6,9 650 2391 0,90 2,9 27 0,3 Pulverized coal:

650 MW: mid-

load 9,0 650 2391 0,57 2,9 27 0,3 Gas combined

cycle mid-load 6,1 540 738 0,40 3,2 11 0,3 Wind onshore:

100MW 8,5 100 1841 0,30 0 21 0 Wind offshore:

400 MW 15,3 400 4511 0,40 0 40 0 Photovoltaic: 150

MW (Arizona): 21,2 150 3590 0,22 0 13 0



How to reduce costs of CSP systems ?

Reduce component cost by better design and better

manufacturing process (mass production)

Increase system efficiency

Increase number of operating hours by adding thermal energy

storage

Use larger power block units

Reduce O&M cost by automated operation, better component

lifetime, larger units



How to reduce cost?

Calculation based on a learning rate of 15%,

(CSP high) o 30% growth rate per year / CSP low 15% growth rate per year

Fuel price increase of 3% per year

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

180,0

200,0

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Year

LCo

E (E

UR

/MW

h)

Exponentiell (CSPhigh)

Linear (Coal base)

Linear (Coal mid)

Linear (Gas)

Exponentiell (CSPlow)



Development of MENA electricity demand, and its coverage by power

plants already existing in 2000

significant increase due

to economic and

population growth

significant investments

required for new plants

window of opportunity

for sustainable local electricity and water

supply

potential of future

electricity exports

unique opportunity for

closer economic,

political and social links with Europe



Renewable energy resources in Europe and MENA in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km² /y)



Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United

Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Ele

ctr

icity [

TW

h/y

]

Desalination

Export Solar

Photovoltaics

Wind

Geothermal

Hydropower

Biomass

Wave / Tidal

CSP Plants

Oil / Gas

Coal

Nuclear

Electricity Supply in the Middle East & North Africa



www.desertec.org

Hydrogen electrolysis and fuel

cells: very high costs and 75%

energy losses

AC / HVAC lines: high cost and

45% / 25% energy losses

800 kV HVDC lines: lowest

costs and 10% energy losses

Vision on electricity transfer from MENA to EU

over a distance of 3000 km



TRANS-CSP: Electricity Generation in Europe Electricity Production and Import All Countries

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Ele

ctr

icity [T

Wh

/y]

Import Solar

Import Other

Photovoltaics

Wind

Geothermal

Hydropower

Biomass

Wave / Tidal

CSP Plants

Oil

Gas

Coal

Nuclear

5 resources,

mostly imported and limited

10 resources,

mostly domestic and unlimited



Thank you for your

attention! Contact: [email protected]

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