Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough
-
Upload
leonardo-energy -
Category
Technology
-
view
10.946 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough
![Page 1: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
March 2010
Manuel Silva
Seville University
CSP TrainingLesson 2: Parabolic Trough
![Page 2: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
See also CPV
CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAICS
Advantages, Interviews, Video
CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAICS
Advantages, Interviews, Video
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/concentrating-photovoltaics
![Page 3: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Solar Thermal Power Plants. Parabolic Trough Technology
Manuel A. Silva PérezGroup of Thermodynamics and Renewable
EnergyETSI – University of Seville
[email protected]://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 4: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Main Concentrating Technologies
Central Receiver / Heliostats
Parabolic troughs
Parabolic dishes
Linear Fresnel Reflectors
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 5: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 6: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Solar Thermal Power Plant. Basic configuration
Beam irradiance
Concentrator
Receiver
Thermal Storage
Concentrated irradiance Electricity
Power conversion system
Thermal energy
BoilerFossil fuel Biomass
Generator
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 7: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
PT power plant configuration
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 8: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Collector
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 9: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Collector
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 10: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Main elements of the collector
• Reflector (mirror)• Receiver tube• Structure• Tracking system• Connecting elements• Control system
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 11: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Applications
Process heat STP plant
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 12: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
The reflector
Thin glass mirror (0.8 mm)
Thick glass mirror (3 -5 mm)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 13: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Alternative reflecting surfaces
AluminumAlanod
Reflective films (polymers)Reflectech, 3M
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 14: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Structure
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 15: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Receiver tube
Selective coated steel tube
Glass envelope
'Getter‘ for vacuum maintenanceExpansion bellow
Glass pin for evacuation of gasesVacuum between glassand steel tubes
Glass – metal welding
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 16: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Receiver tubes
Schott PTR-70Solel UVAC-2 y UVAC-
3
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 17: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Heat transfer fluid
• Thermal oils– Caloria (SEGS I and II,
<300ºC)– Therminol VP-1 (<400 ºC)– Syltherm (Dow Chemical,
>400ºC)• Water / Steam
– >400 ºC– DISS Project
• Molten salts– Archimedes - ENEA facility
• Gasses– PSA Research Facility
State of the art
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 18: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Tracking mechanisms
Electrical motor - gearbox Hydraulic
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 19: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Connecting collectors
Flex hoses Rotating joints
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 20: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Solar field configuration (I)
1 SCA 150 m 12 SCE 1 Drive Pylon 10 Middle Pylon 1 End Pylon 1 Shared Pylon (shared with next SCA)
Cold Oil
Hot Oil
End Pylon
Drive Pylon
Middle Pylon
Shared Pylon
SCE
150 m
150 m
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 21: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Solar field configuration (2)
Cross OverPipes
1379 m
1248
m
Loop of6 SCA’s
HeadersSEGS Power Block80 MW Rankine Cycle
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 22: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
A) Direct returnB) Reverse return
C) Central
Thermal losses Higher cost P balanced Lower consumption
Thermal losses unbalanced P Higher consumption
Shorter pipelines Better access to collectors unbalanced P
Solar field configuration (3)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 23: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
X
Y
N
SE
O
Z
S
C
Sol
X
YN
SE
O
Z
S
C
Sol
b) N-S trackinga) E-W tracking
Solar field orientation (Northern Hemisphere)
Maximum efficiency at noon.
Maximum yearly energy generation
Incidence angle never 0 at noon
More balanced seasonal generation
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 24: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Diámetro , D
Rayosolar
Angulodeapertura, f
Angulodeaceptancia, qReflectorParabolic
External receiver diameterD
Sun rays
Aperture angle f
Acceptance angle, q
b) Acceptance angle, a) Concentration ratio, C
Aperture, A
Absorber tube
Basic design parameters
Length, L
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 25: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Beam irradiance
interception factor, ,
Selective-coated steel tube (Absortivity = )
Glass envelope (Transmissivity = )
Parabolic mirror(Reflectivity = )
o,peak = ···
Energy balance. Optical losses
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 26: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Sun
Sun
Side view
Plant view
Shaded area
Reflecting surface
Absorber tube
L = concentrator length = incidence angle
F = focal length
Sol
F
ED
L
b) Loss of effective collector lengtha) Shading losses
Af = W x ED = W x F x tan()
Geometrical losses
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 27: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Loss of effective collector length
W
ED
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 28: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
ambabsabs
conv-condabs,radabs,absL T - TLD
Q + Q=U
[W/m2
abs ºC]
UL)col = UL)abs / C
Qv,abs.
Qabs,rad.
Qabs,cond/conv. Qamb,rad
Qamb,conv
Glass envelope
Absorber tube
Thermal losses
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 29: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
effeff
cos IAQ csol inouteff hhMQ thoptglobal K º0,
Energy balance (solar to thermal)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 30: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
95
96
97
98
99
100
Avail
ab
ilit
y -
%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
III IV V VI VII0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%Effi
cie
ncy [
%]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Dir
ect
Norm
al R
ad
iati
om
[W
/m²]
05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00
Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)
Direct Normal Radiation
Thermal SolarField Efficiency -
Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company
Typical operation curve (clear day, no thermal storage)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 31: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Andasol-type plants (thermal storage and auxiliary boiler)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 32: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
SEGS 30 MW
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 33: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Costs
• Difficult to evaluate– Confidentiality of contracts– Volatility of prices– Only 2 – 3 providers of key elements– O&M experience restricted to US (SEGS
Plants)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 34: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Costs (w/o TES)
Approx. 3.5 – 4 €/kWe
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 35: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Costs – Solar field
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 36: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Electricity cost
• Depends on different factors– Solar Resource– TES Capacity– Labour cost– Financial– Etc.
• Spain 2010: LCOE < 250 €/MWh• SW USA: LCOE = 120 €/MWh?
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 37: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
PT Technology today, pros & cons.
• Pros:– Mature technology;
• Comercially proven, over 500 MW installed capacity;
• Extensive operational record: 9 plants operating for 20 years in USA
– Easy to finance (in Spain!)• Cons:
– Few manufacturers of key elements (recievers, mirrors…) -> limited competence
– Limited maximum temperature -> limited efficiency
– Costly, hazardous HTF– Limited TES options
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies
![Page 38: Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061210/548eac73b47959e0728b4b04/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
More…
• http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/• Sargent & Lundy Assessment of CSP
http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/34440.pdf
• Look for movies at youtube, e.g:– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysDXwvN
GHeM&feature=related– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OLjooHY
1VA– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDWSW
8BAM3U&feature=related– And more…
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies