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CON 2001 CVE 4070 Construction Methods/Engineering Changes & Extra Work Prof. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE.
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Transcript of CON 2001 CVE 4070 Construction Methods/Engineering Changes & Extra Work Prof. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE.
CON 2001 CVE 4070
Construction Methods/EngineeringChanges & Extra WorkProf. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE
Change order defined…
A written agreement to modify, add to or otherwise alter the work, timing or payment set forth in the original contract documents, for an agreed upon sum or compensation, which is signed by both parties to the original agreement.
Reasons for changes… Change of purpose or need… Changes to methods or manner of work... Correct errors or omissions… Differing site conditions… Value engineering… Contractor suggestions… Almost any other reason not envisioned when
the original contract was written.
Timing of changes…
41 2 3 5
Advertising Date
Bids Opened
Award Date
Sign Contract
Changes byAddenda to
Contract DocsNo Changes
Changes byChange Order
Construction Begins
Types of change orders…
Oral change orders Written and/or directed change orders Bilateral change orders Unilateral change orders Constructive change orders
Oral change order… An oral directive to accomplish work that is
not part of the original scope of work. May be issued by the owner’s rep or other
party representing the owner. May be precluded by the contract, but will
be upheld in court if the contractor performs work that is accepted.
Very dangerous because terms may not be clear, conditions may change, memories may differ as to what was agreed.
Written or directed change… A formal document directing a change
in scope or method. Generally bilateral, but not essential. Becomes part of the contract. Issued before work is accomplished. Parties agree on specific scope and
associated costs. Culminated by “notice to proceed”. Signed by parties authorized by the
owner and builder.
Unilateral change… Used in emergency situations or when
time does not permit a fully processed bilateral change.
May be issued over builder’s protest. May be backed by law in government
contracts. Intended to expedite a necessary
change to the contract. Must be replaced by a written bi-
lateral change
Bilateral change…
Both parties agree to the scope and terms of the agreement.
The normal or desired form of change.
Constructive change…
An “informal” act that authorizes or directs a modification to the contract.
May be act of commission or omission. Must be claimed in writing by the
contractor within a specified time (usually 10 days).
These are a major source of disputes.
Situations for constructive change…
Engineer’s interpretation of work. Improper inspection or rejection. Impossibility or impracticability of
performance. Unclear/conflicting contract documents. Owner fails to decide in timely manner. Unclear standards of work.
Change order process… Identify of need/reason for change
May be initiated by owner or contractor Initiator prepares detailed scope Change approved by owner Submit to designer of record for approval PM makes detailed cost estimate CM makes detailed estimate Negotiate final cost (PM & CM) Owner agrees & signs change document Notice to proceed issued to contractor
Change order process…
YES
Owner or EngineerInitiates Need for
Change
Owner’s Representative ReviewsDraft Change & Submits to PM
PM Reviews & Sends to Engineer of Record for
Recommendation
ChangeRecommended
Contractor Initiates Need for Change
Owner or EngineerPrep Draft Change Order
Prep Draft Change Order
Engineer of Record Reviews Makes Recommendation to
PM & Owner
NO
PM Prepares Change Docs
PM Requests Price Proposal
Disapprove & Return to
Contractor
Contractor PreparesCost Estimate
Owner’s RepresenatativeNegotiates Final Price
Engineer Prepares
Owner’s Estimate
Owner Signs
Change
Owner’s RepresenatativeIssues NTP to Contractor
Change order request…
YES
Owner or EngineerInitiates Need for Change
Owner’s Representative ReviewsDraft Change & Submits to PM
PM Reviews & Sends to Engineer of Record for
Recommendation
ChangeRecommended
Contractor Initiates Need for Change
Owner or EngineerPrep Draft Change Order
Owner or EngineerPrep Draft Change Order
Engineer of Record Reviews Makes Recommendation to
PM & Owner
NO
Disapprove & Return to Contractor
Proceed to Approval
Change order approval…
PM Prepares Change Docs
PM Requests Price Proposal
Contractor PreparesCost Estimate
Owner’s RepresenatativeNegotiates Final Price
Engineer PreparesOwner’s Estimate
Owner Signs
Change
Owner’s RepresenatativeIssues NTP to Contractor
Begin Approval Process
Change order cost estimate(s)…
Study the plans Organize your estimate Determine critical items & dimensions Determine materials & methods Determine quantities & labor Calculate the cost of each item Add taxes + overhead & profit Negotiate with the contractor
Making a detailed estimate
Take-off (count) quantities from plans Determine cost of materials in units Determine cost of labor in units Calculate cost of materials + labor Add sales taxes on materials (6%) Add labor taxes on labor cost (~25%) Add Overhead & Profit (~10%)
Note: obtain costs from RS Means or similar data
Foundation excavation-1…
Foundation-2…
Excav
Foundations… Concrete…
volume of concrete in CF cost of concrete in $$$/CF cost of labor in $$4/CF
Excavation volume of excavation in CF cost of excavation labor in $$$/CF
cost of equipment in $$$/CF or $$$/HR Foundation Cost = sum(conc + excav + labor)
Masonry walls…
W1
W2
W3/W6
W4
W5
W7
W8
W9
12”CMU
8” CMU
Insul
Brick
Walls… Walls…
length of walls in LF height of walls in LF area of walls in SF cost of wall material in $$$/SF cost of wall labor in $$$/SF cost = material + labor
Repeat for different materials Add all components for total cost of walls
Floor slab…
FS-1
FS-2
Floor Slab… Floor Slab
length of floor-1 in LF width of floor-1 in LF depth of floor-1 in LF volume of concrete in CF cost of concrete in $$$/CF cost of labor in $$$/CF repeat for floor-2 Floor = slab-1 + slab-2
Cost of Change Order
Cost of foundations + cost of walls + cost of floor slabs + other costs
Sum cost of all materials Sum cost of all labor Add sales taxes on materials (6%) Add labor taxes on labor cost (~25%) Add totals Add Overhead & Profit (~10%) Final estimate of change order
Impact costs…
Unforeseen costs that impact the progress of work as a result of the change, but are not calculated, or agreed to, at the time that the change is made.
Usually expressed as a claim for additional work at the end of a contract.
Some contracts may preclude these, but courts may honor them if actual costs or burden can be proven.
Format for Change Order
HW #7
HW #7
HW #7
HW #7
HW #7
Almost the last slide…
Change Order Estimate Due Nov 10
Questions…