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Transcript of Computers Basic
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Computer Basics
Hardware
(Jet king)
Software
(MCSE)
Network
(CCNA)
Multimedia
(Arena, Maya)
Web Designing
(JSP, ASP)
Programmer
(Visual Studio, C)
Developer
(Game, Software Specific)
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Hardware
All the items that can be seen andfelt are hardware.
SoftwareThey are the set of instructions
given to computer, so as to performautomated tasks. Cannot be felt
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Common Hardware used in P
CPU : Processing Unit
Monitor : Output DeviceKeyboard : Input Device
Mouse : Pointing Device
Speaker : Output DeviceScanner : Input Device
Printer : Out put Device
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The computer you are using to read
this page uses a processor to do its work.
The processor is the heart of any normal
computer. The processor coordinates the
flow of information between the various
components of your system. It performs
mathematical operations and works on
various kinds of data.
THE PROCESSOR
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The RAM is where data is stored before the
processor or any other component accesses it. Thismemory is volatile. You can access the data stored here
at a very fast rate compared to any other storage
system.
RAM
HARD DISK DRIVEHARD DISK DRIVEHard disk drives are storehouses of information
that hold all the programs and data in your computer.One important feature of a hard disk drive is that it does
not lose information even after the system is powered
down.
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The motherboard is the very foundation upon
which your computer system is built. It is used as aphysical and electronic foundation to interconnect the
various components in your computer system.
MOTHERBOARD
OPTICAL DRIVE
The CDROM / DVD drive is used to run data,
video and audio disks. DVD Drive can run DVDs as well
as CDs.
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Media Access on a
CD
Access on a
DVD
CD Yes No
CD-R Yes No
CD-RW Yes No
DVD Yes Yes
DVD-R Yes Yes
DVD-RW Yes Yes
DVD Combo Yes Yes
OPTICAL DRIVE
(Read-Write Limitations)
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Floppy drives are one of the few devices
that have managed to last it out ever since the
first computers were created. This is a storage
device that became very popular simply because
of its large installed base and ease of use.
FLOPPY DRIVE
5 ½ inch Floppy : 360 KB3 ¼ inch Floppy : 1.44 MB
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The monitor is a display system that works
in very much the same manner as your televisionat home. Newer display systems are now
available in the form of TFT and LCD monitors
that use the same principles as that of your digital
watch.
MONITOR
MOUSE
The mouse is the device that lets you point
the cursor to any part of the screen in a graphical
operating system like Windows.
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The keyboard is an input device that lets you
type information into your computer. Keyboards are
classified according to the technology that is used to
construct the keys, like membrane switches or
mechanical switches, and also according to the
number of keys it contains.
KEYBOARDKEYBOARD
MODEMThe modem connects use the phone line to transmit and
receive information (connect your computer to the outside world).
The word modem is derived from the words Modulator Demodulator.
Service Max Speed Download Speed
Commercial Line : 56 KBPs 1-3 KBPs
Cable Net : 256 KBPs 40-65 KBPs
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The LAN card enables you to link your
computer to other computers using a network.
The LAN card plugs into your computer and uponconfiguration lets you share files and use other
resources, such as printers, in a network. It is
most often found in office computers where
information needs to be shared.
LAN CARD
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Software: Set of Instructions in a sequential Manner
Windows, Linux, Novel, Mac: Works between DOS anduser to provide Graphical user interface.
Disk Operating System (DOS): Basic Software requireto operate a PC. It acts as interpreter between hardwareand software in a PC
SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE
DriversDrivers
Drivers: Software that works as interpreter betweendifferent Hardware components of a PC
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APPLICATION SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE
These software are meant to handlespecial tasks by the user. Examples:
Win amp: to play Songs
PowerPoint: PresentationsMedia Player: Video FilesNero : CD WritingFlash: Animations
Internet Explorer: To Preview Web Pages.FrontPage : To make Web Pages.
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Interaction with the PC
When you listen a songHardwareHardware
DOS & DriversDOS & Drivers
WindowsWindows
Win ampWin amp
Speaker Speaker
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CPU: Central Processing UnitCPU: Central Processing Unit
CPU Consists of:
Mother Board : Platform for other components
Processor : Brain of ComputerRAM (Random Access Memory) : Temporary Storage Device
HDD (Hard Disk Drive) : Data Storage for the ComputerFDD (Floppy Disk Drive) : Removable Storage Media
CDD (Compact Disc Drive) : Removable Storage MediaSMPS : Power supply for the PC
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HDD : Hard Disk DriveHDD : Hard Disk Drive
One and only Purpose of Hard disk is to store DATAOne and only Purpose of Hard disk is to store DATA
How much data can a Hard Disk Handle
?? ????
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Each character contributes 8 Bits to the Storage Device
8 Bits : 1 Byte1024 Byte : 1 Kb (Kilobyte)1024 Kb : 1 Mb (Megabyte)
1024 Mb : 1 Gb (Gigabyte)1024 Gb : 1 Tb (Terabyte)
1024 Tb : 1 (Terrobyte)
Modern HDD may have a capacities ranging120 Gb and above
120 Gb is sufficient to accommodate a 100 word write up foreach individual of India. (128849018880 Words)
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Capacity of Various DevicesCapacity of Various Devices5.25¶ Floppy : 360 Kb3.5¶ Floppy : 1.44 MbCD ROM : 650 MB
DVD : 4.7 GBHDD : 5 Gb to 360 GbMag Tape Drive : 500 Gb to 10 TbRAM : 64 Mb to 1 Gb (Single Piece)
Digi. Cam(Stick)
: 128 MBNormal Audio File : 8 Mb to 12 Mb /minuteMP3 Audio File : 900 Kb to 1.4 Mb/ minuteVideo File : 10 Mb/ minuteNormal Picture : 50 Kb
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Maintenance of HDDMaintenance of HDD
Partitioning
Scanning
Formatting
Defragment
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Benefits of Partitioning a HDDBenefits of Partitioning a HDD
1.Better Speed of PC2.More Facilities of Data Storage
3.BackupFacility4.System Restoration Facility
5.Better Functionality6.Multiple OS can be loaded
HDD is electronically divided to parts calleddrives. Address of Drive starting from C, D , E , F« and
so on.
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Factors affecting Speed of Computer Factors affecting Speed of Computer
1. Processor Speed2. Cache Memory3. Buss Speed (RAM, Motherboard)
4.RAM5. Type of HDD6. Blank space in root drive
7. Size of root driveTwo PC of same configuration from Pt.1 to Pt.5 may differin performance due to Pt. 6 and Pt. 7
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RAM Size in Mb (Megabytes)
Processor
Speed
64 Mb 128 Mb 256
Mb
384 Mb 512
Mb
640
Mb
768
Mb
Cel 1.7 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **
Cel 2.0 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **
P-3 1.2 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **
P-4 2.4 GHz ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb
P-4 2.8 GHz ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb
AMD 2200 ** 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 11 Gb
AMD 2400 ** 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 11 Gb
AMD 64+ ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb
Ideal Size of Root Drive in a 40Gb HDD(Approx)
Remaining HDD may be partitioned each drive 20% of total size
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40 Gb
100%
Consider a system with following configurationConsider a system with following configuration
PP--IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD
C Drive of capacity 40 GB
Root Drive Having following data:Operating SystemDocumentsSongsGames
PresentationsVideo Coverage of unforgettable Indian Win in world
cup.
Consider Operating system Failure
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Consider a system with following configurationConsider a system with following configuration
PP--IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDDIV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD
C Drive: Operating SystemD Drive: DocumentsE Drive: SongsF Drive: GamesG Drive: Presentations
H Drive:Video Coverage of unforgettable Indian Win in world cup.
Consider Operating system Failure
Games
4%
ongs
26%
Present
ations
9%
Op ys
4% Docum
ents9%
Video
28%
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PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCEPERFORMANCE DIFFERENCEThe Second PC will be more then twice as fast asfirst.
Data is more secured in Second PC.
Searching a particular file is easy in second PC.
In case of Operating System Failure the first PCwill lose all its data, where as second PC will loseonly operating system which can be restored byloading operating system.
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