Computers and computer science between past and future · Elwro – Bolek Elwro – Lolek...
Transcript of Computers and computer science between past and future · Elwro – Bolek Elwro – Lolek...
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Computers and computer science –
between past and future
Prof. Maciej M. Sysło
University of Wrocław,
UMK Toruń [email protected]
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Warm up 1
These gentlemen are standing in front of ENIAC.
What are they holding?
Mouse
One number
One digit
Keyboard
Decimal digit: 0, 1, …
built out of 22 lamps!!! 2 Maciej M. Sysło
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Warm up 2
Fridge store
Nuclear power plant
Supercomputer
Chip zoomed in
What is this?
Supercomputer Earth Simulator
(Japan 2002)
35,000,000,000,000 FLOPS Maciej M. Sysło 3
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Computer – what is it?
1969:
‘A person’!!! Maciej M. Sysło 4
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Computer – first appearance
1892
Rapid Computer,
Chicago,
produced a
computing device
called
comptometer.
Maciej M. Sysło 5
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IBM PC
12 August 1981
Microprocessor Heart of the computer
Computers today
Elwro 800 Junior, 1986
Small school computers for children Maciej M. Sysło
The heart of every
device
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Think Computer –
thinking device!!!
IBM commercial
1924
Maciej M. Sysło 7
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Maciej M. Sysło
First electronic calculators
TI DataMath – 1972
4 operations TI 30 – 1977
for engineers
Elwro – Bolek Elwro – Lolek
Calculator
pocket computer
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Human has always had to count!!!
Fingers, arms, whole body
have been used
Carvings in the wood
have also been made:
Counting a long time ago
Maciej M. Sysło
Chinese counted
up to
10,000,000,000 on
their fingers!!!
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Maciej M. Sysło
Calculating tools
Suan-pan, China, 10th-11th c. Soroban, Japan, 19th c.
Schoty, Russia, 17th c. Quipu, South America
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Maciej M. Sysło
Calculating tools
Japan,
school pen-box,
beginning of the 20th c.
Soroban
Writing
utensils
Soroban and
a calculator
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Maciej M. Sysło
Calculating tools – pen boxes
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Napier’s bones
1617
Modern product
Maciej M. Sysło
First calculator
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Napier’s bones – how to use
25
x 25
125
+ 50
625
2 5
2
5
4
1
1
2
5
0
0
0
+
2 0 5 6
Traditional multiplication: Multiplication with the bones:
Maciej M. Sysło
First calculator
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Operations: multiplication
table, carrying, addition,
writing under
Operation:
multiplication table,
addition, carrying
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Schickard’s machine First calculator – 1624
Drawing from Schickard’s letter to Kepler Schickard’s machine - replica
The rods inspired W. Schickard to invent the first calculator.
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Schickard's calculator – how it works
Bones in the form of drums, with all the digits.
Operation: • Set bones – the first operand • Set the other operand • Add the digits in windows
Maciej M. Sysło
First mechanical calculators
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First mechanical calculators…
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Blaise Pascal, 1623-1662
French philosopher,
mathematician, physicist
Gottfried W. Leibniz, 1646-1716
German philosopher,
mathematician, lawyer,
statesman and diplomat
Pascaline – counter mechanism Real calculating machine – step reckoner
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Maciej M. Sysło
Calculators – adders
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They only add…
All operations
as multiple additions
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25
x 25
ABCDE
add 25 five times: 125
add 25 twice: 50
625
Multiplication as addition:
A B C D E
Hasbro’s adding machine
Maciej M. Sysło
Mechanical calculators – adders
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345
– 137
208
ABCDE
345
– 137
1 00000
1 00208
Subtraction as addition!!!
ABCDE
345
– 137
99999
1
1 00208
ABCDE
345
99862
1
1 00208
ABCDE
345
862 137
99000
1
1 00208
Additions only!
Mechanical calculators – adders
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Multiplication and division using multiple additions and subtractions
Maciej M. Sysło
Mechanical calculators – just curl!
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Felix
(for F.
Dzerzhinsky)
Pinwheels
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Maciej M. Sysło
Slide rules
Equipment of
every engineer
until 1972
30 cm
150 cm
12 m 22
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Curt Herzstark (1902-1988) The perfect
mechanical calculator:
• developed at the
Buchenwald
concentration camp
• perfect design
• practically undestroyable
Maciej M. Sysło
CURTA calculator
– the miracle of technology
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Curta calculator Perfect design, make and materials
M.M. Sysło
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Leibniz ‘stepped drum’ – 1694 Disassembled into individual parts:
Maciej M. Sysło
Curta calculator – marval of technology
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A. Stern, mechanical calculator, 19th c.
Polish notation – J. Łukasiewicz
Calculator Feliks – Feliks Dzierżyński
Foundations of computer cryptography
Negabinary arithmetic, UMC 1, 10 – Z. Pawlak informatyka + 26
Polish traces
Maciej M. Sysło
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Elliott 803 na UWr,
1965
History, not far away… Elliott 803 – 1965
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40 mln
… and later
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Calculator replaced devices
which contributed to its
invention!!!
1 bn in 2008
Till 1972…
Maciej M. Sysło
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Maciej M. Sysło
Today… We have supercomputers too.
Cray-1 (1976)
250,000,000 FLOPS
IBM Blue Gene/L (2005)
80,000,000,000,000 FLOPS
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Jaguar 2009
1,000,000,000,000,000 FLOPS
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Maciej M. Sysło
Today… we have a supercomputer used by everyone.
Google – served by the most powerful computer !!
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Since when???
New tech???
What new technology will be
invented on IBM PC
that is going to replace PC?
Contemporary technology
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Where does this difference
between the past and the future
come from?
Why do we remember the past but
not the future?? [Stephen W. Hawking, A Brief History of Time]
Till 2???… ?
Maciej M. Sysło