Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Transcript of Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Agenda
• Introductions and course information
• CSCW overview
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Overview Class Information
• Some reading (pick up readings from Engineering Copy Center)
• Some lectures
• A lot of discussion
• One paper
• One programming assignment
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Using Online Tools
We will rely heavily on CSCW tools in this class
• EEE chat rooms will be open during class
• Office hours will be held online
• The wiki will be used to coordinate your groups and turn in assignments
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Your grades…
• Class participation 20%
• Quizzes 40%
• Programming assignment 20%
• Final 20%
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Class Website
• http://cleo.ics.uci.edu/Teaching/Fall08/153/index.html
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work)
• Study of how people work together as a group and how technology affects this practice.
• Support the social processes of work, often among geographically separated people.
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Examples
• Scientists collaborating on a technical issue• Authors editing a document together• Programmers debugging a system concurrently• Workers collaborating over a shared video
conferencing application• Buyers and sellers meeting in eBay
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Research Focus
Often divided into two main areas• Systems – Groupware
– Designing software to facilitate collaboration
• Social component– Study of human and group dynamics in such
situations
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Classification by Time/Space
Time
Place
Same
Same
Different
Different
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Time/Space Taxonomy
Time
Place
Synchronous
Co-located
Asynchronous
Remote
Face-to-face Post-it note
Phone call Letter
E-meeting room Argument. tool
Video window,wallI
Email, newsgroup, CoWeb
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
A more-fleshed out taxonomy
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Classification by Function
• Cooperative work involves:– Participants who are working– Artifacts upon which they work
participants
artifacts of work
control andfeedback
P P
A
communication
understanding
direct
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Communication via an artifact
• Deixis– reference to work objects
• Feedthrough– communication through the artifact
control andfeedback
P P
A
communication
understanding
direct
deixis
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
What interactions does a tool support?
participants
artefacts of work
control andfeedback
P P
A
communication
understanding
direct
meeting and decision support systems
– common understanding
computer-mediated communication
– direct communication between participants
shared applications and artifacts
– control and feedback with shared work objects
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Meeting and Decision Support Systems
• Examples– Corporate decision-support conference room
• Provides ways of rationalizing decisions, voting, presenting cases, etc.
• Concurrency control is important
– Shared computer classroom/cluster• Group discussion/design aid tools
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Computer-mediated Communication Aids
• IM
• SMS
• Chats
• MUDs
• virtual worlds
• desktop videoconferencing
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Shared Applications and Tools
• Want to avoid “locking” and allow multiple people to concurrently work on document
• Requires some form of contention resolution
• How do you show what others are doing?
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Social Issues
• People bring in different perspectives and views to a collaboration environment
• Goal of CSCW systems is often to establish some common ground and to facilitate understanding and interaction
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Turn Taking• There are many subtle social conventions about
turn taking in an interaction– Personal space, closeness– Eye contact– Gestures– Body language– Conversation cues
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Geography, Position
• In group dynamics, the physical layout of individuals matters a lot– “Power positions” (Stasko)
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
The Challenge of Engineering and Math: Anecdotes
• On a mandatory assignment involving a math class studying results from Engineering students’ simulations, 40% of math students accepted a zero rather than collaborate with engineers.
• Swiki team provided an Equation Editor in the CoWeb (A Wiki at GT) for an Engineering and a Math course to facilitate talking about equations. Not a single student even tried the Editor.
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Competition
• Student quotes on “Why didn’t you participate in CoWeb?”
“1) didn't want to get railed 2) with the curve it is better when your peers do badly”“since it is a curved class most people don’t want others to do well”
(Note: Students claimed that the course grades were “curved” even when there was none!)
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
Learned helplessness
• Student quotes:“I haven't posted about questions because I am confident that my answers are wrong.”“I thought I was the only one having problem understanding what was asked in the exam.”“Who am I to post answers?”“The overall environment for [this class] isn't a very help-oriented environment.”
Bottom line: For Collaboration to work in Engineering,must be explicit focus to make it work.
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Informatics 153 – Fall 2008 – Gillian Hayes
For Thursday
• History of CSCW
• You know the drill… names and pictures on the wiki