Computer Studies, Uses, Computer application and appreciation

COMPUTER STUDIES AND USE

COMPUTER APPRECIATION

&

APPLICATION

Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji

([email protected])([email protected])

What is a Computer?What is a Computer?A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has

the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

DEFINITION OF COMPUTERDEFINITION OF COMPUTER



Uses of a Computer are as followsUses of a Computer are as followsA Computer can be use to type a A Computer can be use to type a documentdocumentIt can be used to play a gameIt can be used to play a game

It can be used to send an e-mailIt can be used to send an e-mail

It can be use to browse the webIt can be use to browse the web

You can also use it to edit or You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.even videos.



TYPES OF COMPUTER:TYPES OF COMPUTER:1.1. Super computers Super computers

2. Mainframes computers

3.3. Mini computerMini computer

4.4. Desktop computersDesktop computers

5.5. Notebooks/Laptop computersNotebooks/Laptop computers

6. Palmtop/Tablet computers



SUPERCOMPUTERSSUPERCOMPUTERSSUPERCOMPUTERS: It is the most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose. The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super computers can span an entire building.



http://www.byte-notes.com/types-computers-purpose

http://ca.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0WTf2lgJopM9B0AbXntFAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBqa2FjdDRhBHBvcwM0OQRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZAM-/SIG=1jj5h0shq/EXP=1284208608/**http%3A//ca.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fca.images.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dbanana%2526b%253D41%2526ni%253D20%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526vm%253Dr%2526xargs%253D0%2526pstart%253D1%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-715%26w=590%26h=546%26imgurl=home.ied.edu.hk%252F%257Es0660094%252Fimages%252Fbanana.gif%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fhome.ied.edu.hk%252F%257Es0660094%252Ffruit1.htm%26size=27KB%26name=%25E9%25A6%2599%25E8%2595%2589%2Bbanana%26p=banana%26oid=ba7f770f10e73cff789fac5b244a8f31%26fr2=%26no=49%26tt=3040000%26sigr=11be7b8ib%26sigi=11b97bvit%26sigb=13fsvkmgm%26type=gif

MAINFRAMES COMPUTERMAINFRAMES COMPUTER Mainframes Computer: Although Mainframes are not as

powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations.

The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of its size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data storage capacity, Mainframes can also process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.



MINICOMPUTERSMINICOMPUTERSMinicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes.

These computers are not designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes. For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process.



DESKTOP COMPUTERSDESKTOP COMPUTERSA desktop computer is a

personal computer in a form

intended for regular use at a single

location desk/table due to its size and

power requirements, as opposed to a

laptop whose rechargeable battery

and compact dimensions allow it to

be regularly carried and used in

different locations.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by

Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop

LAPTOPS/NOTE BOOKS LAPTOPS/NOTE BOOKS COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

Laptop/Note Books

Computers have similar

functionality to desktops,

but are mobile.



PALMTOP/TABLETSA Palmtop PC was an about A Palmtop PC was an about pocket calculator-sized, -sized,

battery-powered battery-powered PC in a horizontal clamshell in a horizontal clamshell

design with integrated keyboard and display. It design with integrated keyboard and display. It

could be used like a could be used like a subnotebook, but was light , but was light

enough to be comfortably used handheld as well. enough to be comfortably used handheld as well.

Most Palmtop PCs were small enough to be stored Most Palmtop PCs were small enough to be stored

in a user's shirt or jacket pocket.in a user's shirt or jacket pocket.

A tablet computer is a A tablet computer is a mobile computer with a with a

touchscreen display, , circuitry and and battery in a single in a single

device. Tablets come equipped with sensors, device. Tablets come equipped with sensors,

including including cameras, a , a microphone and an and an

accelerometer, and the touchscreen display uses , and the touchscreen display uses

finger or stylus finger or stylus gestures substituting for the use of substituting for the use of

computer mouse and and keyboard..



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_calculator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnotebook

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuitry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture_recognition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_%28computing%29

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

The first computers used vacuum

tubes for circuitry and

magnetic drums for memory, and

were often enormous, taking up

entire rooms.

They were very expensive to

operate and in addition to using a

great deal of electricity, generated a

lot of heat, which was often the

cause of malfunctions.

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes



http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/magnetic_drum.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/memory.html


Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.

The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.

Second Generation(1956-1963) Transistors



http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/transistor.html


The development of the

integrated circuit was the hallmark of

the third generation of computers.

Transistors were miniaturized and

placed on silicon chips, called

semiconductors, which drastically

increased the speed and efficiency of

computers.

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits



http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/integrated_circuit_IC.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/silicon.html

http://webopedia.com/TERM/C/chip.html

http://webopedia.com/TERM/S/semiconductor.html


The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors



http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/microprocessor.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CPU.html


Fifth generation computing devices,

based on artificial intelligence, are still

in development, though there are

some applications, such as

voice recognition, that are being used

today. The use of parallel processing

and superconductors is helping to

make artificial intelligence a reality.

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence



http://webopedia.com/TERM/A/artificial_intelligence.html

http://webopedia.com/TERM/V/voice_recognition.html

http://webopedia.com/TERM/P/parallel_processing.html

PARTS & COMPONENTS PARTS & COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTEROF A COMPUTER

3. 3. KEYBOARDKEYBOARD 4. MOUSE4. MOUSE

1. MONITORMONITOR 2. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT



COMPUTER PHERIPHERAL (INPUT/OUTPUT) DEVICES

Input and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.

Input devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, game pad and image scanners.

Output devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, projector, LCD, monitors or a Braille embosser.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_device

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devices

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devices

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_%28computing%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchpad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scanner



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_%28computing%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speaker

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser

TYPES OF SOFTWARE AND THEIR APPLICATIONOPERATING SYSTEMS

An operating system is the most important program that

runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer

must have an operating system to run other programs

and applications.

Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as

recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to

the display screen, keeping track of files and

directories on the disk, and controlling

peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/program.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/run.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/application.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/input.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/K/keyboard.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/output.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/display_screen.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/file.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/directory.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/disk.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/peripheral_device.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/disk_drive.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/printer.htm

Examples of Operating SystemExamples of Operating System Window 98

Windows 2000

Windows NT

Window XP

Window Vista

Window 7

Window 8

Window 10.

UNIX

LINUXComp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by


APPLICATION SOFTWAREApplication software, or simply applications, are often called productivity programs or end-user programs because they enable the user to complete tasks such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases, and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games!



EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Game (Scrabble, Car Race, Football e.t.c)

Drawing (Corel Draw, Photoshop e.t.c)

Playing Music (Winamp, Vlc, Kpm)

Shopping (Jumia, Konga et.c.)

Record Keeping (Microsoft Applications)



BOOTING

What is Booting?

Booting is a process or set of operations that loads and hence starts the operating system, starting from the point when user switches on the power button.

DVD/CD DriveHard Disk Drive / USB DriveNetwork



Booting Devices are as follows:

WORM AND COLD BOOTING

When a Computer is turned on it is called WORM BOOTING and when its is switched off it is called COLD BOOTING



USING THE COMPUTERWORD PROCESSINGWORD PROCESSING: : Word Word processingprocessing is a term that means using a is a term that means using a

computer to create, edit, and print documents. Word computer to create, edit, and print documents. Word processorsprocessors are the are the

most common types of applicationsmost common types of applications . . Microsoft WordMicrosoft Word



SPREADSHEETSPREADSHEET : A spreadsheet is an interactive SPREADSHEET : A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application

program for organization, analysis and storage of program for organization, analysis and storage of data in in tabular form. form.

Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of paper Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of paper

accounting accounting worksheets(Microsoft Excel).(Microsoft Excel).



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_application

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_%28information%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worksheet

PRESENTATIONThe term "PowerPoint presentation" was coined when Microsoft The term "PowerPoint presentation" was coined when Microsoft

introduced its software program introduced its software program PowerPointPowerPoint. PowerPoint is . PowerPoint is

commonly used by presenters as a digital aid when presenting their commonly used by presenters as a digital aid when presenting their

topic to an audience.topic to an audience.



DATA & DATA PROCESSING

DATA: Data is distinct information that is formatted in a

special way. Data exists in a variety of forms, like text on

paper or bytes stored in electronic memory.

Data Processing: Data processing is, broadly, "the

collection and manipulation of items of data to produce

meaningful information.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collection

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance

NETWORKINGNETWORKINGA network is a group of two or more computer systems

linked together.



LAN NETWORKINGLAN NETWORKINGLocal-Area Networks (LANs): The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).



WAN NETWORKINGWAN NETWORKINGWide-Area Networks (WANs): The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LAN AND WAN NETWORKINGDIFFERENCES BETWEEN LAN AND WAN NETWORKING

LAN WANLocal Area Network Wide Area NetworkLocal areas only Large geographic areas

(e.g., homes, offices, schools) (e.g., cities, states, nations)

High speed (1000 mbps) Less speed (150 mbps)

LANs have a high data transfer WANs have a lower data transfer

Less congestion More congestion



INTERNETINTERNETThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer

networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite

(TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.



Accessing the Internet Accessing the Internet for Instructional purposefor Instructional purpose

STEPS TO FOLLOW

Lunch your web browser (Internet explorer, Firefox, Google chrome e.t.c)

Click inside the Address bar

Type the Web address and tap enter on your keyboard (www.google.com, www.ask.com, www.wikipedia.com e.t.c)

Locate the information that you so desire Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by


PROTECTION OF THE COMPUTER/DATA

Antivirus programs, which can scan and keeps you alert about viruses. Example: Kaspersky, Norton, Avira, Avast, e.t.c.

Firewall of your system, which can be configured for enabling you to transfer selected information between your system and internet.

Backup is another way of protecting your important files and documents, as this helps to restore lost files because of virus attack.



COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) refers to instruction or remediation presented on a computer.

Many educational computer programs are available online and from computer stores and textbook companies. They enhance teacher instruction in several ways.



ADVANTAGES COMPUTER-ASSISTEDINSTRUCTION (CAI)

IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK: The immediate feedback provided by interactive terminals keeps students interacting and eager to keep trying.

ACTIVE PARTICIPATION: Even weaker students are obliged to participate actively. They often remain passive in lectures.

GRAPHICS FACILITY: Interactive graphics make it possible to sample many more illustrations that could easily be shown in a textbook.

ACCURATE DATA: Large volumes of data can be handled with accuracy and without drudgery.

ENRICHMENT OF COURSE: The novel technique provides enrichment of course through added variety.

MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS: Mathematical calculations can be done as readily for realistic examples as for artificially simple class that can be solved analytically.



DISADVANTAGES COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)

A programmer cannot cater for every possible response and may give unexpected and unhelpful responses to unusual input.

A few students are intimidated by the strangeness of a computer terminal.

Packages can become boring if a student is alone at a terminal for too long. Most packages should run for an hour or so.Lack of trained teachers. It is necessary for teachers and students to have basic technology knowledge before applying computer technology in second language teaching and learning.

A package will not be appreciated unless it has a perceived goal and will not be

considered important unless it is integrated into a course to the extent of being assessed by a teacher.



Computer Studies, Uses, Computer application and appreciation

Technology

Transcript of Computer Studies, Uses, Computer application and appreciation